| <?xml version='1.0'?> |
| <!DOCTYPE refentry PUBLIC "-//OASIS//DTD DocBook XML V4.5//EN" |
| "http://www.oasis-open.org/docbook/xml/4.2/docbookx.dtd"> |
| <!-- |
| SPDX-License-Identifier: LGPL-2.1+ |
| |
| Copyright © 2010 Brandon Philips |
| --> |
| <refentry id="tmpfiles.d"> |
| |
| <refentryinfo> |
| <title>tmpfiles.d</title> |
| <productname>systemd</productname> |
| </refentryinfo> |
| |
| <refmeta> |
| <refentrytitle>tmpfiles.d</refentrytitle> |
| <manvolnum>5</manvolnum> |
| </refmeta> |
| |
| <refnamediv> |
| <refname>tmpfiles.d</refname> |
| <refpurpose>Configuration for creation, deletion and cleaning of |
| volatile and temporary files</refpurpose> |
| </refnamediv> |
| |
| <refsynopsisdiv> |
| <para><literallayout><filename>/etc/tmpfiles.d/*.conf</filename> |
| <filename>/run/tmpfiles.d/*.conf</filename> |
| <filename>/usr/lib/tmpfiles.d/*.conf</filename> |
| </literallayout></para> |
| |
| <para><literallayout><filename>~/.config/user-tmpfiles.d/*.conf</filename> |
| <filename>$XDG_RUNTIME_DIR/user-tmpfiles.d/*.conf</filename> |
| <filename>~/.local/share/user-tmpfiles.d/*.conf</filename> |
| <filename index='false'>…</filename> |
| <filename>/usr/share/user-tmpfiles.d/*.conf</filename> |
| </literallayout></para> |
| |
| <programlisting>#Type Path Mode User Group Age Argument |
| f /file/to/create mode user group - content |
| f+ /file/to/create-or-truncate mode user group - content |
| w /file/to/write-to - - - - content |
| w+ /file/to/append-to - - - - content |
| d /directory/to/create-and-cleanup mode user group cleanup-age - |
| D /directory/to/create-and-remove mode user group cleanup-age - |
| e /directory/to/cleanup mode user group cleanup-age - |
| v /subvolume-or-directory/to/create mode user group - - |
| q /subvolume-or-directory/to/create mode user group - - |
| Q /subvolume-or-directory/to/create mode user group - - |
| p /fifo/to/create mode user group - - |
| p+ /fifo/to/[re]create mode user group - - |
| L /symlink/to/create - - - - symlink/target/path |
| L+ /symlink/to/[re]create - - - - symlink/target/path |
| c /dev/char-device-to-create mode user group - major:minor |
| c+ /dev/char-device-to-[re]create mode user group - major:minor |
| b /dev/block-device-to-create mode user group - major:minor |
| b+ /dev/block-device-to-[re]create mode user group - major:minor |
| C /target/to/create - - - - /source/to/copy |
| x /path-or-glob/to/ignore - - - - - |
| X /path-or-glob/to/ignore/recursively - - - - - |
| r /empty/dir/to/remove - - - - - |
| R /dir/to/remove/recursively - - - - - |
| z /path-or-glob/to/adjust/mode mode user group - - |
| Z /path-or-glob/to/adjust/mode/recursively mode user group - - |
| t /path-or-glob/to/set/xattrs - - - - xattrs |
| T /path-or-glob/to/set/xattrs/recursively - - - - xattrs |
| h /path-or-glob/to/set/attrs - - - - file attrs |
| H /path-or-glob/to/set/attrs/recursively - - - - file attrs |
| a /path-or-glob/to/set/acls - - - - POSIX ACLs |
| a+ /path-or-glob/to/append/acls - - - - POSIX ACLs |
| A /path-or-glob/to/set/acls/recursively - - - - POSIX ACLs |
| A+ /path-or-glob/to/append/acls/recursively - - - - POSIX ACLs |
| |
| </programlisting> |
| </refsynopsisdiv> |
| |
| <refsect1> |
| <title>Description</title> |
| |
| <para><filename>tmpfiles.d</filename> configuration files provide a generic mechanism to define the |
| <emphasis>creation</emphasis> of regular files, directories, pipes, and device nodes, adjustments to |
| their <emphasis>access mode, ownership, attributes, quota assignments, and contents</emphasis>, and |
| finally their time-based <emphasis>removal</emphasis>. It is mostly commonly used for volatile and |
| temporary files and directories (such as those located under <filename>/run</filename>, |
| <filename>/tmp</filename>, <filename>/var/tmp</filename>, the API file systems such as |
| <filename>/sys</filename> or <filename>/proc</filename>, as well as some other directories below |
| <filename>/var</filename>).</para> |
| |
| <para><command>systemd-tmpfiles</command> uses this configuration to create volatile files and |
| directories during boot and to do periodic cleanup afterwards. See |
| <citerefentry><refentrytitle>systemd-tmpfiles</refentrytitle><manvolnum>5</manvolnum></citerefentry> for |
| the description of <filename>systemd-tmpfiles-setup.service</filename>, |
| <filename>systemd-tmpfiles-clean.service</filename>, and associated units.</para> |
| |
| <para>System daemons frequently require private runtime directories below <filename>/run</filename> to |
| store communication sockets and similar. For these, it is better to use |
| <varname>RuntimeDirectory=</varname> in their unit files (see |
| <citerefentry><refentrytitle>systemd.exec</refentrytitle><manvolnum>5</manvolnum></citerefentry> for |
| details), if the flexibility provided by <filename>tmpfiles.d</filename> is not required. The advantages |
| are that the configuration required by the unit is centralized in one place, and that the lifetime of the |
| directory is tied to the lifetime of the service itself. Similarly, <varname>StateDirectory=</varname>, |
| <varname>CacheDirectory=</varname>, <varname>LogsDirectory=</varname>, and |
| <varname>ConfigurationDirectory=</varname> should be used to create directories under |
| <filename>/var/lib/</filename>, <filename>/var/cache/</filename>, <filename>/var/log/</filename>, and |
| <filename>/etc/</filename>. <filename>tmpfiles.d</filename> should be used for files whose lifetime is |
| independent of any service or requires more complicated configuration.</para> |
| </refsect1> |
| |
| <refsect1> |
| <title>Configuration Directories and Precedence</title> |
| |
| <para>Each configuration file shall be named in the style of |
| <filename><replaceable>package</replaceable>.conf</filename> or |
| <filename><replaceable>package</replaceable>-<replaceable>part</replaceable>.conf</filename>. |
| The second variant should be used when it is desirable to make it |
| easy to override just this part of configuration.</para> |
| |
| <para>Files in <filename>/etc/tmpfiles.d</filename> override files with the same name in |
| <filename>/usr/lib/tmpfiles.d</filename> and <filename>/run/tmpfiles.d</filename>. Files in |
| <filename>/run/tmpfiles.d</filename> override files with the same name in |
| <filename>/usr/lib/tmpfiles.d</filename>. Packages should install their configuration files in |
| <filename>/usr/lib/tmpfiles.d</filename>. Files in <filename>/etc/tmpfiles.d</filename> are reserved for |
| the local administrator, who may use this logic to override the configuration files installed by vendor |
| packages. All configuration files are sorted by their filename in lexicographic order, regardless of |
| which of the directories they reside in. If multiple files specify the same path, the entry in the file |
| with the lexicographically earliest name will be applied (note that lines suppressed due to the |
| <literal>!</literal> are filtered before application, meaning that if an early line carries the |
| exclamation mark and is suppressed because of that, a later line matching in path will be applied). All |
| other conflicting entries will be logged as errors. When two lines are prefix path and suffix path of |
| each other, then the prefix line is always created first, the suffix later (and if removal applies to the |
| line, the order is reversed: the suffix is removed first, the prefix later). Lines that take globs are |
| applied after those accepting no globs. If multiple operations shall be applied on the same file (such as |
| ACL, xattr, file attribute adjustments), these are always done in the same fixed order. Except for those |
| cases, the files/directories are processed in the order they are listed.</para> |
| |
| <para>If the administrator wants to disable a configuration file |
| supplied by the vendor, the recommended way is to place a symlink |
| to <filename>/dev/null</filename> in |
| <filename>/etc/tmpfiles.d/</filename> bearing the same filename. |
| </para> |
| </refsect1> |
| |
| <refsect1> |
| <title>Configuration File Format</title> |
| |
| <para>The configuration format is one line per path containing |
| type, path, mode, ownership, age, and argument fields:</para> |
| |
| <programlisting>#Type Path Mode User Group Age Argument |
| d /run/user 0755 root root 10d - |
| L /tmp/foobar - - - - /dev/null</programlisting> |
| |
| <para>Fields may be enclosed within quotes and contain C-style escapes.</para> |
| |
| <refsect2> |
| <title>Type</title> |
| |
| <para>The type consists of a single letter and optionally an exclamation mark (<literal>!</literal>) |
| and/or minus sign (<literal>-</literal>).</para> |
| |
| <para>The following line types are understood:</para> |
| |
| <variablelist> |
| <varlistentry> |
| <term><varname>f</varname></term> |
| <term><varname>f+</varname></term> |
| <listitem><para><varname>f</varname> will create a file if it does not exist yet. If the argument |
| parameter is given and the file did not exist yet, it will be written to the file. |
| <varname>f+</varname> will create or truncate the file. If the argument parameter is given, it will |
| be written to the file. Does not follow symlinks.</para></listitem> |
| </varlistentry> |
| |
| <varlistentry> |
| <term><varname>w</varname></term> |
| <term><varname>w+</varname></term> |
| <listitem><para>Write the argument parameter to a file, if the file exists. |
| If suffixed with <varname>+</varname>, the line will be appended to the file. |
| If your configuration writes multiple lines to the same file, use <varname>w+</varname>. |
| Lines of this type accept shell-style globs in place of normal path names. |
| The argument parameter will be written without a trailing newline. |
| C-style backslash escapes are interpreted. Follows symlinks.</para></listitem> |
| </varlistentry> |
| |
| <varlistentry> |
| <term><varname>d</varname></term> |
| <listitem><para>Create a directory. The mode and ownership will be adjusted if specified. Contents |
| of this directory are subject to time based cleanup if the age argument is specified. |
| </para></listitem> |
| </varlistentry> |
| |
| <varlistentry> |
| <term><varname>D</varname></term> |
| <listitem><para>Similar to <varname>d</varname>, but in addition the contents of the directory will |
| be removed when <option>--remove</option> is used.</para></listitem> |
| </varlistentry> |
| |
| <varlistentry> |
| <term><varname>e</varname></term> |
| <listitem><para>Adjust the mode and ownership of existing directories and remove their contents |
| based on age. |
| Lines of this type accept shell-style globs in place of normal path names. Contents of the |
| directories are subject to time based cleanup if the age argument is specified. If the age argument |
| is <literal>0</literal>, contents will be unconditionally deleted every time |
| <command>systemd-tmpfiles --clean</command> is run.</para> |
| |
| <para>For this entry to be useful, at least one of the mode, user, group, or age arguments must be |
| specified, since otherwise this entry has no effect. As an exception, an entry with no effect may |
| be useful when combined with <varname>!</varname>, see the examples.</para></listitem> |
| </varlistentry> |
| |
| <varlistentry> |
| <term><varname>v</varname></term> |
| <listitem><para>Create a subvolume if the path does not exist yet, the file system supports |
| subvolumes (btrfs), and the system itself is installed into a subvolume (specifically: the root |
| directory <filename>/</filename> is itself a subvolume). Otherwise, create a normal directory, in |
| the same way as <varname>d</varname>.</para> |
| |
| <para>A subvolume created with this line type is not assigned to any higher-level quota group. For |
| that, use <varname>q</varname> or <varname>Q</varname>, which allow creating simple quota group |
| hierarchies, see below.</para></listitem> |
| </varlistentry> |
| |
| <varlistentry> |
| <term><varname>q</varname></term> |
| <listitem><para>Create a subvolume or directory the same as <varname>v</varname>, but assign the |
| subvolume to the same higher-level quota groups as the parent. This ensures that higher-level |
| limits and accounting applied to the parent subvolume also include the specified subvolume. On |
| non-btrfs file systems, this line type is identical to <varname>d</varname>.</para> |
| |
| <para>If the subvolume already exists, no change to the quota hierarchy is made, regardless of whether the |
| subvolume is already attached to a quota group or not. Also see <varname>Q</varname> below. See <citerefentry |
| project='die-net'><refentrytitle>btrfs-qgroup</refentrytitle><manvolnum>8</manvolnum></citerefentry> for |
| details about the btrfs quota group concept.</para></listitem> |
| </varlistentry> |
| |
| <varlistentry> |
| <term><varname>Q</varname></term> |
| <listitem><para>Create the subvolume or directory the same as <varname>v</varname>, but assign the |
| new subvolume to a new leaf quota group. Instead of copying the higher-level quota group |
| assignments from the parent as is done with <varname>q</varname>, the lowest quota group of the |
| parent subvolume is determined that is not the leaf quota group. Then, an "intermediary" quota |
| group is inserted that is one level below this level, and shares the same ID part as the specified |
| subvolume. If no higher-level quota group exists for the parent subvolume, a new quota group at |
| level 255 sharing the same ID as the specified subvolume is inserted instead. This new intermediary |
| quota group is then assigned to the parent subvolume's higher-level quota groups, and the specified |
| subvolume's leaf quota group is assigned to it.</para> |
| |
| <para>Effectively, this has a similar effect as <varname>q</varname>, however introduces a new higher-level |
| quota group for the specified subvolume that may be used to enforce limits and accounting to the specified |
| subvolume and children subvolume created within it. Thus, by creating subvolumes only via |
| <varname>q</varname> and <varname>Q</varname>, a concept of "subtree quotas" is implemented. Each subvolume |
| for which <varname>Q</varname> is set will get a "subtree" quota group created, and all child subvolumes |
| created within it will be assigned to it. Each subvolume for which <varname>q</varname> is set will not get |
| such a "subtree" quota group, but it is ensured that they are added to the same "subtree" quota group as |
| their immediate parents.</para> |
| |
| <para>It is recommended to use <varname>Q</varname> for subvolumes that typically contain further subvolumes, |
| and where it is desirable to have accounting and quota limits on all child subvolumes together. Examples for |
| <varname>Q</varname> are typically <filename>/home</filename> or <filename>/var/lib/machines</filename>. In |
| contrast, <varname>q</varname> should be used for subvolumes that either usually do not include further |
| subvolumes or where no accounting and quota limits are needed that apply to all child subvolumes |
| together. Examples for <varname>q</varname> are typically <filename>/var</filename> or |
| <filename>/var/tmp</filename>. </para> |
| |
| <para>As with <varname>q</varname>, <varname>Q</varname> has no effect on the quota group hierarchy if the |
| subvolume already exists, regardless of whether the subvolume already belong to a quota group or not. |
| </para></listitem> |
| </varlistentry> |
| |
| <varlistentry> |
| <term><varname>p</varname></term> |
| <term><varname>p+</varname></term> |
| <listitem><para>Create a named pipe (FIFO) if it does not |
| exist yet. If suffixed with <varname>+</varname> and a file |
| already exists where the pipe is to be created, it will be |
| removed and be replaced by the pipe.</para></listitem> |
| </varlistentry> |
| |
| <varlistentry> |
| <term><varname>L</varname></term> |
| <term><varname>L+</varname></term> |
| <listitem><para>Create a symlink if it does not exist |
| yet. If suffixed with <varname>+</varname> and a file or |
| directory already exists where the symlink is to be created, |
| it will be removed and be replaced by the symlink. If the |
| argument is omitted, symlinks to files with the same name |
| residing in the directory |
| <filename>/usr/share/factory/</filename> are created. Note |
| that permissions and ownership on symlinks are ignored. |
| </para></listitem> |
| </varlistentry> |
| |
| <varlistentry> |
| <term><varname>c</varname></term> |
| <term><varname>c+</varname></term> |
| <listitem><para>Create a character device node if it does |
| not exist yet. If suffixed with <varname>+</varname> and a |
| file already exists where the device node is to be created, |
| it will be removed and be replaced by the device node. It is |
| recommended to suffix this entry with an exclamation mark to |
| only create static device nodes at boot, as udev will not |
| manage static device nodes that are created at runtime. |
| </para></listitem> |
| </varlistentry> |
| |
| <varlistentry> |
| <term><varname>b</varname></term> |
| <term><varname>b+</varname></term> |
| <listitem><para>Create a block device node if it does not |
| exist yet. If suffixed with <varname>+</varname> and a file |
| already exists where the device node is to be created, it |
| will be removed and be replaced by the device node. It is |
| recommended to suffix this entry with an exclamation mark to |
| only create static device nodes at boot, as udev will not |
| manage static device nodes that are created at runtime. |
| </para></listitem> |
| </varlistentry> |
| |
| <varlistentry> |
| <term><varname>C</varname></term> |
| <listitem><para>Recursively copy a file or directory, if the |
| destination files or directories do not exist yet or the |
| destination directory is empty. Note that this command will not |
| descend into subdirectories if the destination directory already |
| exists and is not empty. Instead, the entire copy operation is |
| skipped. If the argument is omitted, files from the source directory |
| <filename>/usr/share/factory/</filename> with the same name |
| are copied. Does not follow symlinks.</para></listitem> |
| </varlistentry> |
| |
| <varlistentry> |
| <term><varname>x</varname></term> |
| <listitem><para>Ignore a path during cleaning. Use this type |
| to exclude paths from clean-up as controlled with the Age |
| parameter. Note that lines of this type do not influence the |
| effect of <varname>r</varname> or <varname>R</varname> |
| lines. Lines of this type accept shell-style globs in place |
| of normal path names. </para></listitem> |
| </varlistentry> |
| |
| <varlistentry> |
| <term><varname>X</varname></term> |
| <listitem><para>Ignore a path during cleaning. Use this type |
| to exclude paths from clean-up as controlled with the Age |
| parameter. Unlike <varname>x</varname>, this parameter will |
| not exclude the content if path is a directory, but only |
| directory itself. Note that lines of this type do not |
| influence the effect of <varname>r</varname> or |
| <varname>R</varname> lines. Lines of this type accept |
| shell-style globs in place of normal path names. |
| </para></listitem> |
| </varlistentry> |
| |
| <varlistentry> |
| <term><varname>r</varname></term> |
| <listitem><para>Remove a file or directory if it exists. |
| This may not be used to remove non-empty directories, use |
| <varname>R</varname> for that. Lines of this type accept |
| shell-style globs in place of normal path |
| names. Does not follow symlinks.</para></listitem> |
| </varlistentry> |
| |
| <varlistentry> |
| <term><varname>R</varname></term> |
| <listitem><para>Recursively remove a path and all its |
| subdirectories (if it is a directory). Lines of this type |
| accept shell-style globs in place of normal path |
| names. Does not follow symlinks.</para></listitem> |
| </varlistentry> |
| |
| <varlistentry> |
| <term><varname>z</varname></term> |
| <listitem><para>Adjust the access mode, user and group ownership, and restore the SELinux security |
| context of a file or directory, if it exists. Lines of this type accept shell-style globs in place |
| of normal path names. Does not follow symlinks.</para></listitem> |
| </varlistentry> |
| |
| <varlistentry> |
| <term><varname>Z</varname></term> |
| <listitem><para>Recursively set the access mode, user and group ownership, and restore the SELinux |
| security context of a file or directory if it exists, as well as of its subdirectories and the |
| files contained therein (if applicable). Lines of this type accept shell-style globs in place of |
| normal path names. Does not follow symlinks.</para></listitem> |
| </varlistentry> |
| |
| <varlistentry> |
| <term><varname>t</varname></term> |
| <listitem><para>Set extended attributes, see <citerefentry |
| project='man-pages'><refentrytitle>attr</refentrytitle> |
| <manvolnum>5</manvolnum></citerefentry> for details. The argument field should take one or more |
| assignment expressions in the form |
| <replaceable>namespace</replaceable>.<replaceable>attribute</replaceable>=<replaceable>value</replaceable>, |
| for examples see below. Lines of this type accept shell-style globs in place of normal path |
| names. This can be useful for setting SMACK labels. Does not follow symlinks.</para> |
| |
| <para>Please note that extended attributes settable with this line type are a different concept |
| from the Linux file attributes settable with <varname>h</varname>/<varname>H</varname>, see |
| below.</para></listitem> |
| </varlistentry> |
| |
| <varlistentry> |
| <term><varname>T</varname></term> |
| <listitem><para>Same as <varname>t</varname>, but operates recursively.</para></listitem> |
| </varlistentry> |
| |
| <varlistentry> |
| <term><varname>h</varname></term> |
| <listitem><para>Set Linux file/directory attributes. Lines of this type accept shell-style globs in |
| place of normal path names.</para> |
| |
| <para>The format of the argument field is <varname>[+-=][aAcCdDeijPsStTu]</varname>. The prefix |
| <varname>+</varname> (the default one) causes the attribute(s) to be added; <varname>-</varname> |
| causes the attribute(s) to be removed; <varname>=</varname> causes the attributes to be set exactly |
| as the following letters. The letters <literal>aAcCdDeijPsStTu</literal> select the new attributes |
| for the files, see <citerefentry project='man-pages'><refentrytitle>chattr</refentrytitle> |
| <manvolnum>1</manvolnum></citerefentry> for further information. |
| </para> |
| |
| <para>Passing only <varname>=</varname> as argument resets all the file attributes listed above. It |
| has to be pointed out that the <varname>=</varname> prefix limits itself to the attributes |
| corresponding to the letters listed here. All other attributes will be left untouched. Does not |
| follow symlinks.</para> |
| |
| <para>Please note that the Linux file attributes settable with this line type are a different |
| concept from the extended attributes settable with <varname>t</varname>/<varname>T</varname>, |
| see above.</para></listitem> |
| </varlistentry> |
| |
| <varlistentry> |
| <term><varname>H</varname></term> |
| <listitem><para>Sames as <varname>h</varname>, but operates recursively.</para></listitem> |
| </varlistentry> |
| |
| <varlistentry> |
| <term><varname>a</varname></term> |
| <term><varname>a+</varname></term> |
| <listitem><para>Set POSIX ACLs (access control lists), see <citerefentry |
| project='man-pages'><refentrytitle>acl</refentrytitle> |
| <manvolnum>5</manvolnum></citerefentry>. If suffixed with <varname>+</varname>, the specified |
| entries will be added to the existing set. <command>systemd-tmpfiles</command> will automatically |
| add the required base entries for user and group based on the access mode of the file, unless base |
| entries already exist or are explicitly specified. The mask will be added if not specified |
| explicitly or already present. Lines of this type accept shell-style globs in place of normal path |
| names. This can be useful for allowing additional access to certain files. Does not follow |
| symlinks.</para></listitem> |
| </varlistentry> |
| |
| <varlistentry> |
| <term><varname>A</varname></term> |
| <term><varname>A+</varname></term> |
| <listitem><para>Same as <varname>a</varname> and |
| <varname>a+</varname>, but recursive. Does not follow |
| symlinks.</para></listitem> |
| </varlistentry> |
| </variablelist> |
| |
| <para>If the exclamation mark (<literal>!</literal>) is used, this line is only safe to execute during |
| boot, and can break a running system. Lines without the exclamation mark are presumed to be safe to |
| execute at any time, e.g. on package upgrades. <command>systemd-tmpfiles</command> will take lines with |
| an exclamation mark only into consideration, if the <option>--boot</option> option is given.</para> |
| |
| <para>For example: |
| <programlisting># Make sure these are created by default so that nobody else can |
| d /tmp/.X11-unix 1777 root root 10d |
| |
| # Unlink the X11 lock files |
| r! /tmp/.X[0-9]*-lock</programlisting> |
| The second line in contrast to the first one would break a |
| running system, and will only be executed with |
| <option>--boot</option>.</para> |
| |
| <para>If the minus sign (<literal>-</literal>) is used, this line failing to run successfully during |
| create (and only create) will not cause the execution of <command>systemd-tmpfiles</command> to return |
| an error.</para> |
| |
| <para>For example: |
| <programlisting># Modify sysfs but don't fail if we are in a container with a read-only /proc |
| w- /proc/sys/vm/swappiness - - - - 10</programlisting></para> |
| |
| <para>Note that for all line types that result in creation of any kind of file node |
| (i.e. <varname>f</varname>/<varname>F</varname>, |
| <varname>d</varname>/<varname>D</varname>/<varname>v</varname>/<varname>q</varname>/<varname>Q</varname>, |
| <varname>p</varname>, <varname>L</varname>, <varname>c</varname>/<varname>b</varname> and <varname>C</varname>) |
| leading directories are implicitly created if needed, owned by root with an access mode of 0755. In order to |
| create them with different modes or ownership make sure to add appropriate <varname>d</varname> lines.</para> |
| </refsect2> |
| |
| <refsect2> |
| <title>Path</title> |
| |
| <para>The file system path specification supports simple |
| specifier expansion, see below. The path (after expansion) must be |
| absolute.</para> |
| </refsect2> |
| |
| <refsect2> |
| <title>Mode</title> |
| |
| <para>The file access mode to use when creating this file or |
| directory. If omitted or when set to <literal>-</literal>, the |
| default is used: 0755 for directories, 0644 for all other file |
| objects. For <varname>z</varname>, <varname>Z</varname> lines, |
| if omitted or when set to <literal>-</literal>, the file access |
| mode will not be modified. This parameter is ignored for |
| <varname>x</varname>, <varname>r</varname>, |
| <varname>R</varname>, <varname>L</varname>, <varname>t</varname>, |
| and <varname>a</varname> lines.</para> |
| |
| <para>Optionally, if prefixed with <literal>~</literal>, the |
| access mode is masked based on the already set access bits for |
| existing file or directories: if the existing file has all |
| executable bits unset, all executable bits are removed from the |
| new access mode, too. Similarly, if all read bits are removed |
| from the old access mode, they will be removed from the new |
| access mode too, and if all write bits are removed, they will be |
| removed from the new access mode too. In addition, the |
| sticky/SUID/SGID bit is removed unless applied to a |
| directory. This functionality is particularly useful in |
| conjunction with <varname>Z</varname>.</para> |
| </refsect2> |
| |
| <refsect2> |
| <title>User, Group</title> |
| |
| <para>The user and group to use for this file or directory. This may either be a numeric ID or a |
| user/group name. If omitted or when set to <literal>-</literal>, the user and group of the user who |
| invokes <command>systemd-tmpfiles</command> is used. For <varname>z</varname> and <varname>Z</varname> |
| lines, when omitted or when set to <literal>-</literal>, the file ownership will not be modified. These |
| parameters are ignored for <varname>x</varname>, <varname>r</varname>, <varname>R</varname>, |
| <varname>L</varname>, <varname>t</varname>, and <varname>a</varname> lines.</para> |
| |
| <para>This field should generally only reference system users/groups, i.e. users/groups that are |
| guaranteed to be resolvable during early boot. If this field references users/groups that only become |
| resolveable during later boot (i.e. after NIS, LDAP or a similar networked directory service become |
| available), execution of the operations declared by the line will likely fail. Also see <ulink |
| url="https://systemd.io/UIDS-GIDS/#notes-on-resolvability-of-user-and-group-names">Notes on |
| Resolvability of User and Group Names</ulink> for more information on requirements on system user/group |
| definitions.</para> |
| </refsect2> |
| |
| <refsect2> |
| <title>Age</title> |
| <para>The date field, when set, is used to decide what files to |
| delete when cleaning. If a file or directory is older than the |
| current time minus the age field, it is deleted. The field |
| format is a series of integers each followed by one of the |
| following suffixes for the respective time units: |
| <constant>s</constant>, |
| <constant>m</constant> or <constant>min</constant>, |
| <constant>h</constant>, |
| <constant>d</constant>, |
| <constant>w</constant>, |
| <constant>ms</constant>, and |
| <constant>us</constant>, |
| meaning seconds, minutes, hours, days, weeks, |
| milliseconds, and microseconds, respectively. Full names of the time units can |
| be used too. |
| </para> |
| |
| <para>If multiple integers and units are specified, the time |
| values are summed. If an integer is given without a unit, |
| <constant>s</constant> is assumed. |
| </para> |
| |
| <para>When the age is set to zero, the files are cleaned |
| unconditionally.</para> |
| |
| <para>The age field only applies to lines starting with |
| <varname>d</varname>, <varname>D</varname>, <varname>e</varname>, |
| <varname>v</varname>, <varname>q</varname>, |
| <varname>Q</varname>, <varname>C</varname>, <varname>x</varname> |
| and <varname>X</varname>. If omitted or set to |
| <literal>-</literal>, no automatic clean-up is done.</para> |
| |
| <para>If the age field starts with a tilde character |
| <literal>~</literal>, the clean-up is only applied to files and |
| directories one level inside the directory specified, but not |
| the files and directories immediately inside it.</para> |
| |
| <para>The age of a file system entry is determined from its last |
| modification timestamp (mtime), its last access timestamp (atime), |
| and (except for directories) its last status change timestamp |
| (ctime). Any of these three (or two) values will prevent cleanup |
| if it is more recent than the current time minus the age |
| field.</para> |
| |
| <para>Note that while the aging algorithm is run a 'shared' BSD file lock (see <citerefentry |
| project='man-pages'><refentrytitle>flock</refentrytitle><manvolnum>2</manvolnum></citerefentry>) is |
| taken on each directory the algorithm descends into (and each directory below that, and so on). If the |
| aging algorithm finds a lock is already taken on some directory, it (and everything below it) is |
| skipped. Applications may use this to temporarily exclude certain directory subtrees from the aging |
| algorithm: the applications can take a BSD file lock themselves, and as long as they keep it aging of |
| the directory and everything below it is disabled.</para> |
| </refsect2> |
| |
| <refsect2> |
| <title>Argument</title> |
| |
| <para>For <varname>L</varname> lines determines the destination path of the symlink. For <varname>c</varname> and |
| <varname>b</varname>, determines the major/minor of the device node, with major and minor formatted as integers, |
| separated by <literal>:</literal>, e.g. <literal>1:3</literal>. For <varname>f</varname>, <varname>F</varname>, |
| and <varname>w</varname>, the argument may be used to specify a short string that is written to the file, |
| suffixed by a newline. For <varname>C</varname>, specifies the source file or directory. For <varname>t</varname> |
| and <varname>T</varname>, determines extended attributes to be set. For <varname>a</varname> and |
| <varname>A</varname>, determines ACL attributes to be set. For <varname>h</varname> and <varname>H</varname>, |
| determines the file attributes to set. Ignored for all other lines.</para> |
| |
| <para>This field can contain specifiers, see below.</para> |
| </refsect2> |
| </refsect1> |
| |
| <refsect1> |
| <title>Specifiers</title> |
| |
| <para>Specifiers can be used in the "path" and "argument" fields. |
| An unknown or unresolvable specifier is treated as invalid configuration. |
| The following expansions are understood:</para> |
| <table> |
| <title>Specifiers available</title> |
| <tgroup cols='3' align='left' colsep='1' rowsep='1'> |
| <colspec colname="spec" /> |
| <colspec colname="mean" /> |
| <colspec colname="detail" /> |
| <thead> |
| <row> |
| <entry>Specifier</entry> |
| <entry>Meaning</entry> |
| <entry>Details</entry> |
| </row> |
| </thead> |
| <tbody> |
| <row> |
| <entry><literal>%b</literal></entry> |
| <entry>Boot ID</entry> |
| <entry>The boot ID of the running system, formatted as string. See <citerefentry><refentrytitle>random</refentrytitle><manvolnum>4</manvolnum></citerefentry> for more information.</entry> |
| </row> |
| <row> |
| <entry><literal>%C</literal></entry> |
| <entry>System or user cache directory</entry> |
| <entry>In <option>--user</option> mode, this is the same as <varname>$XDG_CACHE_HOME</varname>, and <filename>/var/cache</filename> otherwise.</entry> |
| </row> |
| <row> |
| <entry><literal>%h</literal></entry> |
| <entry>User home directory</entry> |
| <entry>This is the home directory of the user running the command. In case of the system instance this resolves to <literal>/root</literal>.</entry> |
| </row> |
| <row> |
| <entry><literal>%H</literal></entry> |
| <entry>Host name</entry> |
| <entry>The hostname of the running system.</entry> |
| </row> |
| <row> |
| <entry><literal>%L</literal></entry> |
| <entry>System or user log directory</entry> |
| <entry>In <option>--user</option> mode, this is the same as <varname>$XDG_CONFIG_HOME</varname> with <filename index="false">/log</filename> appended, and <filename>/var/log</filename> otherwise.</entry> |
| </row> |
| <row> |
| <entry><literal>%m</literal></entry> |
| <entry>Machine ID</entry> |
| <entry>The machine ID of the running system, formatted as string. See <citerefentry><refentrytitle>machine-id</refentrytitle><manvolnum>5</manvolnum></citerefentry> for more information.</entry> |
| </row> |
| <row> |
| <entry><literal>%S</literal></entry> |
| <entry>System or user state directory</entry> |
| <entry>In <option>--user</option> mode, this is the same as <varname>$XDG_CONFIG_HOME</varname>, and <filename>/var/lib</filename> otherwise.</entry> |
| </row> |
| <row> |
| <entry><literal>%t</literal></entry> |
| <entry>System or user runtime directory</entry> |
| <entry>In <option>--user</option> mode, this is the same <varname>$XDG_RUNTIME_DIR</varname>, and <filename>/run</filename> otherwise.</entry> |
| </row> |
| <row> |
| <entry><literal>%T</literal></entry> |
| <entry>Directory for temporary files</entry> |
| <entry>This is either <filename>/tmp</filename> or the path <literal>$TMPDIR</literal>, <literal>$TEMP</literal> or <literal>$TMP</literal> are set to.</entry> |
| </row> |
| <row> |
| <entry><literal>%g</literal></entry> |
| <entry>User group</entry> |
| <entry>This is the name of the group running the command. In case of the system instance this resolves to <literal>root</literal>.</entry> |
| </row> |
| <row> |
| <entry><literal>%G</literal></entry> |
| <entry>User GID</entry> |
| <entry>This is the numeric GID of the group running the command. In case of the system instance this resolves to <constant>0</constant>.</entry> |
| </row> |
| <row> |
| <entry><literal>%u</literal></entry> |
| <entry>User name</entry> |
| <entry>This is the name of the user running the command. In case of the system instance this resolves to <literal>root</literal>.</entry> |
| </row> |
| <row> |
| <entry><literal>%U</literal></entry> |
| <entry>User UID</entry> |
| <entry>This is the numeric UID of the user running the command. In case of the system instance this resolves to <constant>0</constant>.</entry> |
| </row> |
| <row> |
| <entry><literal>%v</literal></entry> |
| <entry>Kernel release</entry> |
| <entry>Identical to <command>uname -r</command> output.</entry> |
| </row> |
| <row> |
| <entry><literal>%V</literal></entry> |
| <entry>Directory for larger and persistent temporary files</entry> |
| <entry>This is either <filename>/var/tmp</filename> or the path <literal>$TMPDIR</literal>, <literal>$TEMP</literal> or <literal>$TMP</literal> are set to.</entry> |
| </row> |
| <row> |
| <entry><literal>%%</literal></entry> |
| <entry>Escaped <literal>%</literal></entry> |
| <entry>Single percent sign.</entry> |
| </row> |
| </tbody> |
| </tgroup> |
| </table> |
| </refsect1> |
| |
| <refsect1> |
| <title>Examples</title> |
| <example> |
| <title>Create directories with specific mode and ownership</title> |
| <para> |
| <citerefentry project='die-net'><refentrytitle>screen</refentrytitle><manvolnum>1</manvolnum></citerefentry>, |
| needs two directories created at boot with specific modes and ownership:</para> |
| |
| <programlisting># /usr/lib/tmpfiles.d/screen.conf |
| d /run/screens 1777 root screen 10d |
| d /run/uscreens 0755 root screen 10d12h |
| </programlisting> |
| |
| <para>Contents of <filename>/run/screens</filename> and /run/uscreens will |
| be cleaned up after 10 and 10½ days, respectively.</para> |
| </example> |
| |
| <example> |
| <title>Create a directory with a SMACK attribute</title> |
| <programlisting>D /run/cups - - - - |
| t /run/cups - - - - security.SMACK64=printing user.attr-with-spaces="foo bar" |
| </programlisting> |
| |
| <para>The directory will be owned by root and have default mode. Its contents are |
| not subject to time based cleanup, but will be obliterated when |
| <command>systemd-tmpfiles --remove</command> runs.</para> |
| </example> |
| |
| <example> |
| <title>Create a directory and prevent its contents from cleanup</title> |
| <para> |
| <citerefentry project='die-net'><refentrytitle>abrt</refentrytitle><manvolnum>1</manvolnum></citerefentry>, |
| needs a directory created at boot with specific mode and ownership and its content |
| should be preserved from the automatic cleanup applied to the contents of |
| <filename>/var/tmp</filename>:</para> |
| |
| <programlisting># /usr/lib/tmpfiles.d/tmp.conf |
| d /var/tmp 1777 root root 30d |
| </programlisting> |
| |
| <programlisting># /usr/lib/tmpfiles.d/abrt.conf |
| d /var/tmp/abrt 0755 abrt abrt - |
| </programlisting> |
| </example> |
| |
| <example> |
| <title>Apply clean up during boot and based on time</title> |
| |
| <programlisting># /usr/lib/tmpfiles.d/dnf.conf |
| r! /var/cache/dnf/*/*/download_lock.pid |
| r! /var/cache/dnf/*/*/metadata_lock.pid |
| r! /var/lib/dnf/rpmdb_lock.pid |
| e /var/cache/dnf/ - - - 30d |
| </programlisting> |
| |
| <para>The lock files will be removed during boot. Any files and directories in |
| <filename>/var/cache/dnf/</filename> will be removed after they have not been |
| accessed in 30 days.</para> |
| </example> |
| |
| <example> |
| <title>Empty the contents of a cache directory on boot</title> |
| |
| <programlisting># /usr/lib/tmpfiles.d/krb5rcache.conf |
| e! /var/cache/krb5rcache - - - 0 |
| </programlisting> |
| |
| <para>Any files and subdirectories in <filename>/var/cache/krb5rcache/</filename> |
| will be removed on boot. The directory will not be created. |
| </para> |
| </example> |
| </refsect1> |
| |
| <refsect1> |
| <title><filename>/run/</filename> and <filename>/var/run/</filename></title> |
| <para><filename>/var/run/</filename> is a deprecated symlink to <filename>/run/</filename>, and |
| applications should use the latter. <command>systemd-tmpfiles</command> will warn if |
| <filename>/var/run/</filename> is used.</para> |
| </refsect1> |
| |
| <refsect1> |
| <title>See Also</title> |
| <para> |
| <citerefentry><refentrytitle>systemd</refentrytitle><manvolnum>1</manvolnum></citerefentry>, |
| <citerefentry><refentrytitle>systemd-tmpfiles</refentrytitle><manvolnum>8</manvolnum></citerefentry>, |
| <citerefentry><refentrytitle>systemd-delta</refentrytitle><manvolnum>1</manvolnum></citerefentry>, |
| <citerefentry><refentrytitle>systemd.exec</refentrytitle><manvolnum>5</manvolnum></citerefentry>, |
| <citerefentry project='man-pages'><refentrytitle>attr</refentrytitle><manvolnum>5</manvolnum></citerefentry>, |
| <citerefentry project='man-pages'><refentrytitle>getfattr</refentrytitle><manvolnum>1</manvolnum></citerefentry>, |
| <citerefentry project='man-pages'><refentrytitle>setfattr</refentrytitle><manvolnum>1</manvolnum></citerefentry>, |
| <citerefentry project='man-pages'><refentrytitle>setfacl</refentrytitle><manvolnum>1</manvolnum></citerefentry>, |
| <citerefentry project='man-pages'><refentrytitle>getfacl</refentrytitle><manvolnum>1</manvolnum></citerefentry>, |
| <citerefentry project='man-pages'><refentrytitle>chattr</refentrytitle><manvolnum>1</manvolnum></citerefentry>, |
| <citerefentry project='die-net'><refentrytitle>btrfs-subvolume</refentrytitle><manvolnum>8</manvolnum></citerefentry>, |
| <citerefentry project='die-net'><refentrytitle>btrfs-qgroup</refentrytitle><manvolnum>8</manvolnum></citerefentry> |
| </para> |
| </refsect1> |
| |
| </refentry> |