man/sysctl.d.xml - systemd-stable - Rivoreo Source Code Repositories

 <?xml version="1.0"?> <!--*-nxml-*-->
 <!DOCTYPE refentry PUBLIC "-//OASIS//DTD DocBook XML V4.5//EN"
   "http://www.oasis-open.org/docbook/xml/4.2/docbookx.dtd">
 <!-- SPDX-License-Identifier: LGPL-2.1+ -->
 <refentry id="sysctl.d"
     xmlns:xi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XInclude">

   <refentryinfo>
     <title>sysctl.d</title>
     <productname>systemd</productname>
   </refentryinfo>

   <refmeta>
     <refentrytitle>sysctl.d</refentrytitle>
     <manvolnum>5</manvolnum>
   </refmeta>

   <refnamediv>
     <refname>sysctl.d</refname>
     <refpurpose>Configure kernel parameters at boot</refpurpose>
   </refnamediv>

   <refsynopsisdiv>
     <para><filename>/etc/sysctl.d/*.conf</filename></para>
     <para><filename>/run/sysctl.d/*.conf</filename></para>
     <para><filename>/usr/lib/sysctl.d/*.conf</filename></para>

     <programlisting>key.name.under.proc.sys = some value
 key/name/under/proc/sys = some value
 key/middle.part.with.dots/foo = 123
 key.middle/part/with/dots.foo = 123
 -key.that.will.not.fail = value
 key.pattern.*.with.glob = whatever
 -key.pattern.excluded.with.glob
 key.pattern.overriden.with.glob = custom
 </programlisting>
   </refsynopsisdiv>

   <refsect1>
     <title>Description</title>

     <para>At boot,
     <citerefentry><refentrytitle>systemd-sysctl.service</refentrytitle><manvolnum>8</manvolnum></citerefentry>
     reads configuration files from the above directories to configure
     <citerefentry project='man-pages'><refentrytitle>sysctl</refentrytitle><manvolnum>8</manvolnum></citerefentry>
     kernel parameters.</para>
   </refsect1>

   <refsect1>
     <title>Configuration Format</title>

     <para>The configuration files contain a list of variable
     assignments, separated by newlines. Empty lines and lines whose
     first non-whitespace character is <literal>#</literal> or
     <literal>;</literal> are ignored.</para>

     <para>Note that either <literal>/</literal> or <literal>.</literal> may be used as separators within
     sysctl variable names. If the first separator is a slash, remaining slashes and dots are left intact. If
     the first separator is a dot, dots and slashes are interchanged.
     <literal>kernel.domainname=foo</literal> and <literal>kernel/domainname=foo</literal> are equivalent and
     will cause <literal>foo</literal> to be written to
     <filename>/proc/sys/kernel/domainname</filename>. Either
     <literal>net.ipv4.conf.enp3s0/200.forwarding</literal> or
     <literal>net/ipv4/conf/enp3s0.200/forwarding</literal> may be used to refer to
     <filename>/proc/sys/net/ipv4/conf/enp3s0.200/forwarding</filename>. A glob
     <citerefentry><refentrytitle>glob</refentrytitle><manvolnum>7</manvolnum></citerefentry> pattern may be
     used to write the same value to all matching keys. Keys for which an explicit pattern exists will be
     excluded from any glob matching. In addition, a key may be explicitly excluded from being set by any
     matching glob patterns by specifying the key name prefixed with a <literal>-</literal> character and not
     followed by <literal>=</literal>, see SYNOPSIS.</para>

     <para>Any access permission errors and attempts to write variables not present on the local system are
     logged, but do not cause the service to fail. Debug log level is used, which means that the message will
     not show up at all by default. Moreover, if a variable assignment is prefixed with a single
     <literal>-</literal> character, any failure to set the variable will be logged at debug level, but will
     not cause the service to fail. All other errors when setting variables are logged with higher priority
     and cause the service to return failure at the end (other variables are still processed).</para>

     <para>The settings configured with <filename>sysctl.d</filename> files will be applied early on boot. The
     network interface-specific options will also be applied individually for each network interface as it
     shows up in the system. (More specifically, <filename>net.ipv4.conf.*</filename>,
     <filename>net.ipv6.conf.*</filename>, <filename>net.ipv4.neigh.*</filename> and
     <filename>net.ipv6.neigh.*</filename>).</para>

     <para>Many sysctl parameters only become available when certain
     kernel modules are loaded. Modules are usually loaded on demand,
     e.g. when certain hardware is plugged in or network brought up.
     This means that
     <citerefentry><refentrytitle>systemd-sysctl.service</refentrytitle><manvolnum>8</manvolnum></citerefentry>
     which runs during early boot will not configure such parameters if
     they become available after it has run. To set such parameters, it
     is recommended to add an
     <citerefentry><refentrytitle>udev</refentrytitle><manvolnum>7</manvolnum></citerefentry>
     rule to set those parameters when they become available.
     Alternatively, a slightly simpler and less efficient option is to
     add the module to
     <citerefentry><refentrytitle>modules-load.d</refentrytitle><manvolnum>5</manvolnum></citerefentry>,
     causing it to be loaded statically before sysctl settings are
     applied (see example below).</para>
   </refsect1>

   <xi:include href="standard-conf.xml" xpointer="confd" />

   <refsect1>
     <title>Examples</title>
     <example>
       <title>Set kernel YP domain name</title>
       <para><filename>/etc/sysctl.d/domain-name.conf</filename>:
       </para>

       <programlisting>kernel.domainname=example.com</programlisting>
     </example>

     <example>
       <title>Apply settings available only when a certain module is loaded (method one)</title>
       <para><filename>/etc/udev/rules.d/99-bridge.rules</filename>:
       </para>

       <programlisting>ACTION=="add", SUBSYSTEM=="module", KERNEL=="br_netfilter", \
       RUN+="/usr/lib/systemd/systemd-sysctl --prefix=/net/bridge"
 </programlisting>

       <para><filename>/etc/sysctl.d/bridge.conf</filename>:
       </para>

       <programlisting>net.bridge.bridge-nf-call-ip6tables = 0
 net.bridge.bridge-nf-call-iptables = 0
 net.bridge.bridge-nf-call-arptables = 0
 </programlisting>

       <para>This method applies settings when the module is
       loaded. Please note that, unless the <filename>br_netfilter</filename>
       module is loaded, bridged packets will not be filtered by
       Netfilter (starting with kernel 3.18), so simply not loading the
       module is sufficient to avoid filtering.</para>
     </example>

     <example>
       <title>Apply settings available only when a certain module is loaded (method two)</title>
       <para><filename>/etc/modules-load.d/bridge.conf</filename>:
       </para>

       <programlisting>br_netfilter</programlisting>

       <para><filename>/etc/sysctl.d/bridge.conf</filename>:
       </para>

       <programlisting>net.bridge.bridge-nf-call-ip6tables = 0
 net.bridge.bridge-nf-call-iptables = 0
 net.bridge.bridge-nf-call-arptables = 0
 </programlisting>

       <para>This method forces the module to be always loaded. Please
       note that, unless the <filename>br_netfilter</filename> module is
       loaded, bridged packets will not be filtered with Netfilter
       (starting with kernel 3.18), so simply not loading the module is
       sufficient to avoid filtering.</para>
     </example>

     <example>
       <title>Set network routing properties for all interfaces</title>
       <para><filename>/etc/systemd/20-rp_filter.conf</filename>:</para>

       <programlisting>net.ipv4.conf.default.rp_filter = 2
 net.ipv4.conf.*.rp_filter = 2
 -net.ipv4.conf.all.rp_filter
 net.ipv4.conf.hub0.rp_filter = 1
 </programlisting>

       <para>The <option>rp_filter</option> key will be set to "2" for all interfaces, except "hub0". We set
       <filename>net.ipv4.conf.default.rp_filter</filename> first, so any interfaces which are added
       <emphasis>later</emphasis> will get this value (this also covers any interfaces detected while we're
       running). The glob matches any interfaces which were detected <emphasis>earlier</emphasis>. The glob
       will also match <filename>net.ipv4.conf.all.rp_filter</filename>, which we don't want to set at all, so
       it is explicitly excluded. And "hub0" is excluded from the glob because it has an explicit setting.
       </para>
     </example>

   </refsect1>

   <refsect1>
     <title>See Also</title>
     <para>
       <citerefentry><refentrytitle>systemd</refentrytitle><manvolnum>1</manvolnum></citerefentry>,
       <citerefentry><refentrytitle>systemd-sysctl.service</refentrytitle><manvolnum>8</manvolnum></citerefentry>,
       <citerefentry><refentrytitle>systemd-delta</refentrytitle><manvolnum>1</manvolnum></citerefentry>,
       <citerefentry project='man-pages'><refentrytitle>sysctl</refentrytitle><manvolnum>8</manvolnum></citerefentry>,
       <citerefentry project='man-pages'><refentrytitle>sysctl.conf</refentrytitle><manvolnum>5</manvolnum></citerefentry>,
       <citerefentry project='man-pages'><refentrytitle>modprobe</refentrytitle><manvolnum>8</manvolnum></citerefentry>
     </para>
   </refsect1>

 </refentry>
	<?xml version="1.0"?> <!---nxml--->
	<!DOCTYPE refentry PUBLIC "-//OASIS//DTD DocBook XML V4.5//EN"
	"http://www.oasis-open.org/docbook/xml/4.2/docbookx.dtd">
	<!-- SPDX-License-Identifier: LGPL-2.1+ -->
	<refentry id="sysctl.d"
	xmlns:xi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XInclude">

	<refentryinfo>
	<title>sysctl.d</title>
	<productname>systemd</productname>
	</refentryinfo>

	<refmeta>
	<refentrytitle>sysctl.d</refentrytitle>
	<manvolnum>5</manvolnum>
	</refmeta>

	<refnamediv>
	<refname>sysctl.d</refname>
	<refpurpose>Configure kernel parameters at boot</refpurpose>
	</refnamediv>

	<refsynopsisdiv>
	<para><filename>/etc/sysctl.d/*.conf</filename></para>
	<para><filename>/run/sysctl.d/*.conf</filename></para>
	<para><filename>/usr/lib/sysctl.d/*.conf</filename></para>

	<programlisting>key.name.under.proc.sys = some value
	key/name/under/proc/sys = some value
	key/middle.part.with.dots/foo = 123
	key.middle/part/with/dots.foo = 123
	-key.that.will.not.fail = value
	key.pattern.*.with.glob = whatever
	-key.pattern.excluded.with.glob
	key.pattern.overriden.with.glob = custom
	</programlisting>
	</refsynopsisdiv>

	<refsect1>
	<title>Description</title>

	<para>At boot,
	<citerefentry><refentrytitle>systemd-sysctl.service</refentrytitle><manvolnum>8</manvolnum></citerefentry>
	reads configuration files from the above directories to configure
	<citerefentry project='man-pages'><refentrytitle>sysctl</refentrytitle><manvolnum>8</manvolnum></citerefentry>
	kernel parameters.</para>
	</refsect1>

	<refsect1>
	<title>Configuration Format</title>

	<para>The configuration files contain a list of variable
	assignments, separated by newlines. Empty lines and lines whose
	first non-whitespace character is <literal>#</literal> or
	<literal>;</literal> are ignored.</para>

	<para>Note that either <literal>/</literal> or <literal>.</literal> may be used as separators within
	sysctl variable names. If the first separator is a slash, remaining slashes and dots are left intact. If
	the first separator is a dot, dots and slashes are interchanged.
	<literal>kernel.domainname=foo</literal> and <literal>kernel/domainname=foo</literal> are equivalent and
	will cause <literal>foo</literal> to be written to
	<filename>/proc/sys/kernel/domainname</filename>. Either
	<literal>net.ipv4.conf.enp3s0/200.forwarding</literal> or
	<literal>net/ipv4/conf/enp3s0.200/forwarding</literal> may be used to refer to
	<filename>/proc/sys/net/ipv4/conf/enp3s0.200/forwarding</filename>. A glob
	<citerefentry><refentrytitle>glob</refentrytitle><manvolnum>7</manvolnum></citerefentry> pattern may be
	used to write the same value to all matching keys. Keys for which an explicit pattern exists will be
	excluded from any glob matching. In addition, a key may be explicitly excluded from being set by any
	matching glob patterns by specifying the key name prefixed with a <literal>-</literal> character and not
	followed by <literal>=</literal>, see SYNOPSIS.</para>

	<para>Any access permission errors and attempts to write variables not present on the local system are
	logged, but do not cause the service to fail. Debug log level is used, which means that the message will
	not show up at all by default. Moreover, if a variable assignment is prefixed with a single
	<literal>-</literal> character, any failure to set the variable will be logged at debug level, but will
	not cause the service to fail. All other errors when setting variables are logged with higher priority
	and cause the service to return failure at the end (other variables are still processed).</para>

	<para>The settings configured with <filename>sysctl.d</filename> files will be applied early on boot. The
	network interface-specific options will also be applied individually for each network interface as it
	shows up in the system. (More specifically, <filename>net.ipv4.conf.*</filename>,
	<filename>net.ipv6.conf.</filename>, <filename>net.ipv4.neigh.</filename> and
	<filename>net.ipv6.neigh.*</filename>).</para>

	<para>Many sysctl parameters only become available when certain
	kernel modules are loaded. Modules are usually loaded on demand,
	e.g. when certain hardware is plugged in or network brought up.
	This means that
	<citerefentry><refentrytitle>systemd-sysctl.service</refentrytitle><manvolnum>8</manvolnum></citerefentry>
	which runs during early boot will not configure such parameters if
	they become available after it has run. To set such parameters, it
	is recommended to add an
	<citerefentry><refentrytitle>udev</refentrytitle><manvolnum>7</manvolnum></citerefentry>
	rule to set those parameters when they become available.
	Alternatively, a slightly simpler and less efficient option is to
	add the module to
	<citerefentry><refentrytitle>modules-load.d</refentrytitle><manvolnum>5</manvolnum></citerefentry>,
	causing it to be loaded statically before sysctl settings are
	applied (see example below).</para>
	</refsect1>

	<xi:include href="standard-conf.xml" xpointer="confd" />

	<refsect1>
	<title>Examples</title>
	<example>
	<title>Set kernel YP domain name</title>
	<para><filename>/etc/sysctl.d/domain-name.conf</filename>:
	</para>

	<programlisting>kernel.domainname=example.com</programlisting>
	</example>

	<example>
	<title>Apply settings available only when a certain module is loaded (method one)</title>
	<para><filename>/etc/udev/rules.d/99-bridge.rules</filename>:
	</para>

	<programlisting>ACTION=="add", SUBSYSTEM=="module", KERNEL=="br_netfilter", \
	RUN+="/usr/lib/systemd/systemd-sysctl --prefix=/net/bridge"
	</programlisting>

	<para><filename>/etc/sysctl.d/bridge.conf</filename>:
	</para>

	<programlisting>net.bridge.bridge-nf-call-ip6tables = 0
	net.bridge.bridge-nf-call-iptables = 0
	net.bridge.bridge-nf-call-arptables = 0
	</programlisting>

	<para>This method applies settings when the module is
	loaded. Please note that, unless the <filename>br_netfilter</filename>
	module is loaded, bridged packets will not be filtered by
	Netfilter (starting with kernel 3.18), so simply not loading the
	module is sufficient to avoid filtering.</para>
	</example>

	<example>
	<title>Apply settings available only when a certain module is loaded (method two)</title>
	<para><filename>/etc/modules-load.d/bridge.conf</filename>:
	</para>

	<programlisting>br_netfilter</programlisting>

	<para><filename>/etc/sysctl.d/bridge.conf</filename>:
	</para>

	<programlisting>net.bridge.bridge-nf-call-ip6tables = 0
	net.bridge.bridge-nf-call-iptables = 0
	net.bridge.bridge-nf-call-arptables = 0
	</programlisting>

	<para>This method forces the module to be always loaded. Please
	note that, unless the <filename>br_netfilter</filename> module is
	loaded, bridged packets will not be filtered with Netfilter
	(starting with kernel 3.18), so simply not loading the module is
	sufficient to avoid filtering.</para>
	</example>

	<example>
	<title>Set network routing properties for all interfaces</title>
	<para><filename>/etc/systemd/20-rp_filter.conf</filename>:</para>

	<programlisting>net.ipv4.conf.default.rp_filter = 2
	net.ipv4.conf.*.rp_filter = 2
	-net.ipv4.conf.all.rp_filter
	net.ipv4.conf.hub0.rp_filter = 1
	</programlisting>

	<para>The <option>rp_filter</option> key will be set to "2" for all interfaces, except "hub0". We set
	<filename>net.ipv4.conf.default.rp_filter</filename> first, so any interfaces which are added
	<emphasis>later</emphasis> will get this value (this also covers any interfaces detected while we're
	running). The glob matches any interfaces which were detected <emphasis>earlier</emphasis>. The glob
	will also match <filename>net.ipv4.conf.all.rp_filter</filename>, which we don't want to set at all, so
	it is explicitly excluded. And "hub0" is excluded from the glob because it has an explicit setting.
	</para>
	</example>

	</refsect1>

	<refsect1>
	<title>See Also</title>
	<para>
	<citerefentry><refentrytitle>systemd</refentrytitle><manvolnum>1</manvolnum></citerefentry>,
	<citerefentry><refentrytitle>systemd-sysctl.service</refentrytitle><manvolnum>8</manvolnum></citerefentry>,
	<citerefentry><refentrytitle>systemd-delta</refentrytitle><manvolnum>1</manvolnum></citerefentry>,
	<citerefentry project='man-pages'><refentrytitle>sysctl</refentrytitle><manvolnum>8</manvolnum></citerefentry>,
	<citerefentry project='man-pages'><refentrytitle>sysctl.conf</refentrytitle><manvolnum>5</manvolnum></citerefentry>,
	<citerefentry project='man-pages'><refentrytitle>modprobe</refentrytitle><manvolnum>8</manvolnum></citerefentry>
	</para>
	</refsect1>

	</refentry>