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| <refentry id="systemd-run" |
| xmlns:xi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XInclude"> |
| |
| <refentryinfo> |
| <title>systemd-run</title> |
| <productname>systemd</productname> |
| |
| <authorgroup> |
| <author> |
| <contrib>Developer</contrib> |
| <firstname>Lennart</firstname> |
| <surname>Poettering</surname> |
| <email>lennart@poettering.net</email> |
| </author> |
| </authorgroup> |
| </refentryinfo> |
| |
| <refmeta> |
| <refentrytitle>systemd-run</refentrytitle> |
| <manvolnum>1</manvolnum> |
| </refmeta> |
| |
| <refnamediv> |
| <refname>systemd-run</refname> |
| <refpurpose>Run programs in transient scope or service or timer units</refpurpose> |
| </refnamediv> |
| |
| <refsynopsisdiv> |
| <cmdsynopsis> |
| <command>systemd-run</command> |
| <arg choice="opt" rep="repeat">OPTIONS</arg> |
| <arg choice="plain"><replaceable>COMMAND</replaceable> |
| <arg choice="opt" rep="repeat">ARGS</arg> |
| </arg> |
| </cmdsynopsis> |
| <cmdsynopsis> |
| <command>systemd-run</command> |
| <arg choice="opt" rep="repeat">OPTIONS</arg> |
| <arg choice="opt" rep="repeat">TIMER OPTIONS</arg> |
| <arg choice="req"><replaceable>COMMAND</replaceable></arg> |
| <arg choice="opt" rep="repeat">ARGS</arg> |
| </cmdsynopsis> |
| </refsynopsisdiv> |
| |
| <refsect1> |
| <title>Description</title> |
| |
| <para><command>systemd-run</command> may be used to create and |
| start a transient <filename>.service</filename> or |
| <filename>.scope</filename> unit and run the specified |
| <replaceable>COMMAND</replaceable> in it. It may also be used to |
| create and start transient <filename>.timer</filename> |
| units.</para> |
| |
| <para>If a command is run as transient service unit, it will be |
| started and managed by the service manager like any other service, |
| and thus shows up in the output of <command>systemctl |
| list-units</command> like any other unit. It will run in a clean |
| and detached execution environment, with the service manager as |
| its parent process. In this mode, <command>systemd-run</command> |
| will start the service asynchronously in the background and return |
| after the command has begun execution.</para> |
| |
| <para>If a command is run as transient scope unit, it will be |
| started by <command>systemd-run</command> itself as parent process |
| and will thus inherit the execution environment of the |
| caller. However, the processes of the command are managed by the |
| service manager similar to normal services, and will show up in |
| the output of <command>systemctl list-units</command>. Execution |
| in this case is synchronous, and will return only when the command |
| finishes. This mode is enabled via the <option>--scope</option> |
| switch (see below). </para> |
| |
| <para>If a command is run with timer options such as |
| <option>--on-calendar=</option> (see below), a transient timer |
| unit is created alongside the service unit for the specified |
| command. Only the transient timer unit is started immediately, the |
| transient service unit will be started when the transient timer |
| elapses. If the <option>--unit=</option> is specified, the |
| <replaceable>COMMAND</replaceable> may be omitted. In this case, |
| <command>systemd-run</command> only creates a |
| <filename>.timer</filename> unit that invokes the specified unit |
| when elapsing.</para> |
| </refsect1> |
| |
| <refsect1> |
| <title>Options</title> |
| |
| <para>The following options are understood:</para> |
| |
| <variablelist> |
| <varlistentry> |
| <term><option>--no-ask-password</option></term> |
| |
| <listitem><para>Do not query the user for authentication for |
| privileged operations.</para></listitem> |
| </varlistentry> |
| |
| <varlistentry> |
| <term><option>--scope</option></term> |
| |
| <listitem> |
| <para>Create a transient <filename>.scope</filename> unit instead of |
| the default transient <filename>.service</filename> unit. |
| </para> |
| </listitem> |
| </varlistentry> |
| |
| <varlistentry> |
| <term><option>--unit=</option></term> |
| |
| <listitem><para>Use this unit name instead of an automatically |
| generated one.</para></listitem> |
| </varlistentry> |
| |
| <varlistentry> |
| <term><option>--property=</option></term> |
| <term><option>-p</option></term> |
| |
| <listitem><para>Sets a unit property for the scope or service |
| unit that is created. This takes an assignment in the same |
| format as |
| <citerefentry><refentrytitle>systemctl</refentrytitle><manvolnum>1</manvolnum></citerefentry>'s |
| <command>set-property</command> command.</para> |
| </listitem> |
| </varlistentry> |
| |
| <varlistentry> |
| <term><option>--description=</option></term> |
| |
| <listitem><para>Provide a description for the service or scope |
| unit. If not specified, the command itself will be used as a |
| description. See <varname>Description=</varname> in |
| <citerefentry><refentrytitle>systemd.unit</refentrytitle><manvolnum>5</manvolnum></citerefentry>. |
| </para></listitem> |
| </varlistentry> |
| |
| <varlistentry> |
| <term><option>--slice=</option></term> |
| |
| <listitem><para>Make the new <filename>.service</filename> or |
| <filename>.scope</filename> unit part of the specified slice, |
| instead of the <filename>system.slice</filename>.</para> |
| </listitem> |
| </varlistentry> |
| |
| <varlistentry> |
| <term><option>--remain-after-exit</option></term> |
| |
| <listitem><para>After the service or scope process has |
| terminated, keep the service around until it is explicitly |
| stopped. This is useful to collect runtime information about |
| the service after it finished running. Also see |
| <varname>RemainAfterExit=</varname> in |
| <citerefentry><refentrytitle>systemd.service</refentrytitle><manvolnum>5</manvolnum></citerefentry>. |
| </para> |
| </listitem> |
| </varlistentry> |
| |
| <varlistentry> |
| <term><option>--send-sighup</option></term> |
| |
| <listitem><para>When terminating the scope or service unit, |
| send a SIGHUP immediately after SIGTERM. This is useful to |
| indicate to shells and shell-like processes that the |
| connection has been severed. Also see |
| <varname>SendSIGHUP=</varname> in |
| <citerefentry><refentrytitle>systemd.kill</refentrytitle><manvolnum>5</manvolnum></citerefentry>. |
| </para> |
| </listitem> |
| </varlistentry> |
| |
| <varlistentry> |
| <term><option>--service-type=</option></term> |
| |
| <listitem><para>Sets the service type. Also see |
| <varname>Type=</varname> in |
| <citerefentry><refentrytitle>systemd.service</refentrytitle><manvolnum>5</manvolnum></citerefentry>. This |
| option has no effect in conjunction with |
| <option>--scope</option>. Defaults to |
| <constant>simple</constant>.</para> |
| </listitem> |
| </varlistentry> |
| |
| <varlistentry> |
| <term><option>--uid=</option></term> |
| <term><option>--gid=</option></term> |
| |
| <listitem><para>Runs the service process under the UNIX user |
| and group. Also see <varname>User=</varname> and |
| <varname>Group=</varname> in |
| <citerefentry><refentrytitle>systemd.exec</refentrytitle><manvolnum>5</manvolnum></citerefentry>.</para> |
| </listitem> |
| </varlistentry> |
| |
| <varlistentry> |
| <term><option>--nice=</option></term> |
| |
| <listitem><para>Runs the service process with the specified |
| nice level. Also see <varname>Nice=</varname> in |
| <citerefentry><refentrytitle>systemd.exec</refentrytitle><manvolnum>5</manvolnum></citerefentry>.</para> |
| </listitem> |
| </varlistentry> |
| |
| <varlistentry> |
| <term><option>-E <replaceable>NAME</replaceable>=<replaceable>VALUE</replaceable></option></term> |
| <term><option>--setenv=<replaceable>NAME</replaceable>=<replaceable>VALUE</replaceable></option></term> |
| |
| <listitem><para>Runs the service process with the specified environment variable set. |
| Also see <varname>Environment=</varname> in |
| <citerefentry><refentrytitle>systemd.exec</refentrytitle><manvolnum>5</manvolnum></citerefentry>.</para> |
| </listitem> |
| </varlistentry> |
| |
| <varlistentry> |
| <term><option>--pty</option></term> |
| <term><option>-t</option></term> |
| |
| <listitem><para>When invoking a command, the service connects |
| its standard input and output to the invoking tty via a |
| pseudo TTY device. This allows invoking binaries as services |
| that expect interactive user input, such as interactive |
| command shells.</para></listitem> |
| </varlistentry> |
| |
| <varlistentry> |
| <term><option>--quiet</option></term> |
| <term><option>-q</option></term> |
| |
| <listitem><para>Suppresses additional informational output |
| while running. This is particularly useful in combination with |
| <option>--pty</option> when it will suppress the initial |
| message explaining how to terminate the TTY connection.</para></listitem> |
| </varlistentry> |
| |
| <varlistentry> |
| <term><option>--on-active=</option></term> |
| <term><option>--on-boot=</option></term> |
| <term><option>--on-startup=</option></term> |
| <term><option>--on-unit-active=</option></term> |
| <term><option>--on-unit-inactive=</option></term> |
| |
| <listitem><para>Defines monotonic timers relative to different |
| starting points. Also see <varname>OnActiveSec=</varname>, |
| <varname>OnBootSec=</varname>, |
| <varname>OnStartupSec=</varname>, |
| <varname>OnUnitActiveSec=</varname> and |
| <varname>OnUnitInactiveSec=</varname> in |
| <citerefentry><refentrytitle>systemd.timer</refentrytitle><manvolnum>5</manvolnum></citerefentry>. This |
| options have no effect in conjunction with |
| <option>--scope</option>.</para> |
| </listitem> |
| </varlistentry> |
| |
| <varlistentry> |
| <term><option>--on-calendar=</option></term> |
| |
| <listitem><para>Defines realtime (i.e. wallclock) timers with |
| calendar event expressions. Also see |
| <varname>OnCalendar=</varname> in |
| <citerefentry><refentrytitle>systemd.timer</refentrytitle><manvolnum>5</manvolnum></citerefentry>. This |
| option has no effect in conjunction with |
| <option>--scope</option>.</para> |
| </listitem> |
| </varlistentry> |
| |
| <varlistentry> |
| <term><option>--timer-property=</option></term> |
| |
| <listitem><para>Sets a timer unit property for the timer unit |
| that is created. It is similar with |
| <option>--property</option> but only for created timer |
| unit. This option only has effect in conjunction with |
| <option>--on-active=</option>, <option>--on-boot=</option>, |
| <option>--on-startup=</option>, |
| <option>--on-unit-active=</option>, |
| <option>--on-unit-inactive=</option>, |
| <option>--on-calendar=</option>. This takes an assignment in |
| the same format as |
| <citerefentry><refentrytitle>systemctl</refentrytitle><manvolnum>1</manvolnum></citerefentry>'s |
| <command>set-property</command> command.</para> </listitem> |
| </varlistentry> |
| |
| <varlistentry> |
| <term><option>--no-block</option></term> |
| |
| <listitem> |
| <para>Do not synchronously wait for the requested operation |
| to finish. If this is not specified, the job will be |
| verified, enqueued and <command>systemd-run</command> will |
| wait until the unit's start-up is completed. By passing this |
| argument, it is only verified and enqueued.</para> |
| </listitem> |
| </varlistentry> |
| |
| <xi:include href="user-system-options.xml" xpointer="user" /> |
| <xi:include href="user-system-options.xml" xpointer="system" /> |
| <xi:include href="user-system-options.xml" xpointer="host" /> |
| <xi:include href="user-system-options.xml" xpointer="machine" /> |
| |
| <xi:include href="standard-options.xml" xpointer="help" /> |
| <xi:include href="standard-options.xml" xpointer="version" /> |
| </variablelist> |
| |
| <para>All command line arguments after the first non-option |
| argument become part of the command line of the launched |
| process. If a command is run as service unit, its first argument |
| needs to be an absolute binary path.</para> |
| </refsect1> |
| |
| <refsect1> |
| <title>Exit status</title> |
| |
| <para>On success, 0 is returned, a non-zero failure |
| code otherwise.</para> |
| </refsect1> |
| |
| <refsect1> |
| <title>Examples</title> |
| |
| <example> |
| <title>Logging environment variables provided by systemd to services</title> |
| |
| <programlisting># systemd-run env |
| Running as unit: run-19945.service |
| # journalctl -u run-19945.service |
| Sep 08 07:37:21 bupkis systemd[1]: Starting /usr/bin/env... |
| Sep 08 07:37:21 bupkis systemd[1]: Started /usr/bin/env. |
| Sep 08 07:37:21 bupkis env[19948]: PATH=/usr/local/sbin:/usr/local/bin:/usr/sbin:/usr/bin |
| Sep 08 07:37:21 bupkis env[19948]: LANG=en_US.UTF-8 |
| Sep 08 07:37:21 bupkis env[19948]: BOOT_IMAGE=/vmlinuz-3.11.0-0.rc5.git6.2.fc20.x86_64</programlisting> |
| </example> |
| |
| <example> |
| <title>Limiting resources available to a command</title> |
| |
| <programlisting># systemd-run -p BlockIOWeight=10 updatedb</programlisting> |
| |
| <para>This command invokes the |
| <citerefentry project='man-pages'><refentrytitle>updatedb</refentrytitle><manvolnum>8</manvolnum></citerefentry> |
| tool, but lowers the block I/O weight for it to 10. See |
| <citerefentry><refentrytitle>systemd.resource-control</refentrytitle><manvolnum>5</manvolnum></citerefentry> |
| for more information on the <varname>BlockIOWeight=</varname> |
| property.</para> |
| </example> |
| |
| <example> |
| <title>Running commands at a specified time</title> |
| |
| <para>The following command will touch a file after 30 seconds.</para> |
| |
| <programlisting># date; systemd-run --on-active=30 --timer-property=AccuracySec=100ms /bin/touch /tmp/foo |
| Mon Dec 8 20:44:24 KST 2014 |
| Running as unit: run-71.timer |
| Will run service as unit: run-71.service |
| # journalctl -b -u run-71.timer |
| -- Logs begin at Fri 2014-12-05 19:09:21 KST, end at Mon 2014-12-08 20:44:54 KST. -- |
| Dec 08 20:44:38 container systemd[1]: Starting /bin/touch /tmp/foo. |
| Dec 08 20:44:38 container systemd[1]: Started /bin/touch /tmp/foo. |
| # journalctl -b -u run-71.service |
| -- Logs begin at Fri 2014-12-05 19:09:21 KST, end at Mon 2014-12-08 20:44:54 KST. -- |
| Dec 08 20:44:48 container systemd[1]: Starting /bin/touch /tmp/foo... |
| Dec 08 20:44:48 container systemd[1]: Started /bin/touch /tmp/foo.</programlisting> |
| </example> |
| |
| <example> |
| <title>Allowing access to the tty</title> |
| |
| <para>The following command invokes <filename>/bin/bash</filename> as a service |
| passing its standard input, output and error to the calling TTY.</para> |
| |
| <programlisting># systemd-run -t --send-sighup /bin/bash</programlisting> |
| </example> |
| |
| <example> |
| <title>Start <command>screen</command> as a user service</title> |
| |
| <programlisting>$ systemd-run --scope --user screen |
| Running scope as unit run-r14b0047ab6df45bfb45e7786cc839e76.scope. |
| |
| $ screen -ls |
| There is a screen on: |
| 492..laptop (Detached) |
| 1 Socket in /var/run/screen/S-fatima. |
| </programlisting> |
| |
| <para>This starts the <command>screen</command> process as a child of the |
| <command>systemd --user</command> process that was started by |
| <filename>user@.service</filename>, in a scope unit. A |
| <citerefentry><refentrytitle>systemd.scope</refentrytitle><manvolnum>5</manvolnum></citerefentry> |
| unit is used instead of a |
| <citerefentry><refentrytitle>systemd.service</refentrytitle><manvolnum>5</manvolnum></citerefentry> |
| unit, because <command>screen</command> will exit when detaching from the terminal, |
| and a service unit would be terminated. Running <command>screen</command> |
| as a user unit has the advantage that it is not part of the session scope. |
| If <varname>KillUserProcesses=yes</varname> is configured in |
| <citerefentry><refentrytitle>logind.conf</refentrytitle><manvolnum>5</manvolnum></citerefentry>, |
| the default, the session scope will be terminated when the user logs |
| out of that session.</para> |
| |
| <para>The <filename>user@.service</filename> is started automatically |
| when the user first logs in, and stays around as long as at least one |
| login session is open. After the user logs out of the last session, |
| <filename>user@.service</filename> and all services underneath it |
| are terminated. This behaviour is the default, when "lingering" is |
| not enabled for that user. Enabling lingering means that |
| <filename>user@.service</filename> is started automatically during |
| boot, even if the user is not logged in, and that the service is |
| not terminated when the user logs out.</para> |
| |
| <para>Enabling lingering allows the user to run processes without being logged in, |
| for example to allow <command>screen</command> to persist after the user logs out, |
| even if the session scope is terminated. In the default configuration, users can |
| enable lingering for themselves:</para> |
| |
| <programlisting>$ loginctl enable-linger</programlisting> |
| </example> |
| </refsect1> |
| |
| <refsect1> |
| <title>See Also</title> |
| <para> |
| <citerefentry><refentrytitle>systemd</refentrytitle><manvolnum>1</manvolnum></citerefentry>, |
| <citerefentry><refentrytitle>systemctl</refentrytitle><manvolnum>1</manvolnum></citerefentry>, |
| <citerefentry><refentrytitle>systemd.unit</refentrytitle><manvolnum>5</manvolnum></citerefentry>, |
| <citerefentry><refentrytitle>systemd.service</refentrytitle><manvolnum>5</manvolnum></citerefentry>, |
| <citerefentry><refentrytitle>systemd.scope</refentrytitle><manvolnum>5</manvolnum></citerefentry>, |
| <citerefentry><refentrytitle>systemd.slice</refentrytitle><manvolnum>5</manvolnum></citerefentry>, |
| <citerefentry><refentrytitle>systemd.exec</refentrytitle><manvolnum>5</manvolnum></citerefentry>, |
| <citerefentry><refentrytitle>systemd.resource-control</refentrytitle><manvolnum>5</manvolnum></citerefentry>, |
| <citerefentry><refentrytitle>systemd.timer</refentrytitle><manvolnum>5</manvolnum></citerefentry>, |
| <citerefentry><refentrytitle>machinectl</refentrytitle><manvolnum>1</manvolnum></citerefentry> |
| </para> |
| </refsect1> |
| |
| </refentry> |