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| <refentry id="systemd-run" |
| xmlns:xi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XInclude"> |
| |
| <refentryinfo> |
| <title>systemd-run</title> |
| <productname>systemd</productname> |
| |
| <authorgroup> |
| <author> |
| <contrib>Developer</contrib> |
| <firstname>Lennart</firstname> |
| <surname>Poettering</surname> |
| <email>lennart@poettering.net</email> |
| </author> |
| </authorgroup> |
| </refentryinfo> |
| |
| <refmeta> |
| <refentrytitle>systemd-run</refentrytitle> |
| <manvolnum>1</manvolnum> |
| </refmeta> |
| |
| <refnamediv> |
| <refname>systemd-run</refname> |
| <refpurpose>Run programs in transient scope or service or timer units</refpurpose> |
| </refnamediv> |
| |
| <refsynopsisdiv> |
| <cmdsynopsis> |
| <command>systemd-run</command> |
| <arg choice="opt" rep="repeat">OPTIONS</arg> |
| <arg choice="plain"><replaceable>COMMAND</replaceable> |
| <arg choice="opt" rep="repeat">ARGS</arg> |
| </arg> |
| </cmdsynopsis> |
| <cmdsynopsis> |
| <command>systemd-run</command> |
| <arg choice="opt" rep="repeat">OPTIONS</arg> |
| <arg choice="opt" rep="repeat">TIMER OPTIONS</arg> |
| <arg choice="req"><replaceable>COMMAND</replaceable></arg> |
| <arg choice="opt" rep="repeat">ARGS</arg> |
| </cmdsynopsis> |
| </refsynopsisdiv> |
| |
| <refsect1> |
| <title>Description</title> |
| |
| <para><command>systemd-run</command> may be used to create and |
| start a transient <filename>.service</filename> or a transient |
| <filename>.timer</filename> or a <filename>.scope</filename> unit |
| and run the specified <replaceable>COMMAND</replaceable> in |
| it.</para> |
| |
| <para>If a command is run as transient service unit, it will be |
| started and managed by the service manager like any other service, |
| and thus show up in the output of <command>systemctl |
| list-units</command> like any other unit. It will run in a clean |
| and detached execution environment. <command>systemd-run</command> |
| will start the service asynchronously in the background and |
| immediately return.</para> |
| |
| <para>If a command is run with timer options, transient timer unit |
| also be created with transient service unit. But the transient |
| timer unit is only started immediately. The transient service unit |
| will be started when the transient timer is elapsed. If |
| <option>--unit=</option> is specified with timer options, the |
| <replaceable>COMMAND</replaceable> can be omitted. In this case, |
| <command>systemd-run</command> assumes service unit is already |
| loaded and creates transient timer unit only. To successfully |
| create timer unit, already loaded service unit should be specified |
| with <option>--unit=</option>. This transient timer unit can |
| activate the existing service unit like any other timer.</para> |
| |
| <para>If a command is run as transient scope unit, it will be |
| started directly by <command>systemd-run</command> and thus |
| inherit the execution environment of the caller. It is however |
| managed by the service manager similar to normal services, and |
| will also show up in the output of <command>systemctl |
| list-units</command>. Execution in this case is synchronous, and |
| execution will return only when the command finishes.</para> |
| </refsect1> |
| |
| <refsect1> |
| <title>Options</title> |
| |
| <para>The following options are understood:</para> |
| |
| <variablelist> |
| <varlistentry> |
| <term><option>--scope</option></term> |
| |
| <listitem> |
| <para>Create a transient <filename>.scope</filename> unit instead of |
| the default transient <filename>.service</filename> unit. |
| </para> |
| </listitem> |
| </varlistentry> |
| |
| <varlistentry> |
| <term><option>--unit=</option></term> |
| |
| <listitem><para>Use this unit name instead of an automatically |
| generated one.</para></listitem> |
| </varlistentry> |
| |
| <varlistentry> |
| <term><option>--property=</option></term> |
| <term><option>-p</option></term> |
| |
| <listitem><para>Sets a unit property for the scope or service |
| unit that is created. This takes an assignment in the same |
| format as |
| <citerefentry><refentrytitle>systemctl</refentrytitle><manvolnum>1</manvolnum></citerefentry>'s |
| <command>set-property</command> command.</para> |
| </listitem> |
| </varlistentry> |
| |
| <varlistentry> |
| <term><option>--description=</option></term> |
| |
| <listitem><para>Provide a description for the service or scope |
| unit. If not specified, the command itself will be used as a |
| description. See <varname>Description=</varname> in |
| <citerefentry><refentrytitle>systemd.unit</refentrytitle><manvolnum>5</manvolnum></citerefentry>. |
| </para></listitem> |
| </varlistentry> |
| |
| <varlistentry> |
| <term><option>--slice=</option></term> |
| |
| <listitem><para>Make the new <filename>.service</filename> or |
| <filename>.scope</filename> unit part of the specified slice, |
| instead of the <filename>system.slice</filename>.</para> |
| </listitem> |
| </varlistentry> |
| |
| <varlistentry> |
| <term><option>--remain-after-exit</option></term> |
| |
| <listitem><para>After the service or scope process has |
| terminated, keep the service around until it is explicitly |
| stopped. This is useful to collect runtime information about |
| the service after it finished running. Also see |
| <varname>RemainAfterExit=</varname> in |
| <citerefentry><refentrytitle>systemd.service</refentrytitle><manvolnum>5</manvolnum></citerefentry>. |
| </para> |
| </listitem> |
| </varlistentry> |
| |
| <varlistentry> |
| <term><option>--send-sighup</option></term> |
| |
| <listitem><para>When terminating the scope or service unit, |
| send a SIGHUP immediately after SIGTERM. This is useful to |
| indicate to shells and shell-like processes that the |
| connection has been severed. Also see |
| <varname>SendSIGHUP=</varname> in |
| <citerefentry><refentrytitle>systemd.kill</refentrytitle><manvolnum>5</manvolnum></citerefentry>. |
| </para> |
| </listitem> |
| </varlistentry> |
| |
| <varlistentry> |
| <term><option>--service-type=</option></term> |
| |
| <listitem><para>Sets the service type. Also see |
| <varname>Type=</varname> in |
| <citerefentry><refentrytitle>systemd.service</refentrytitle><manvolnum>5</manvolnum></citerefentry>. This |
| option has no effect in conjunction with |
| <option>--scope</option>. Defaults to |
| <constant>simple</constant>.</para> |
| </listitem> |
| </varlistentry> |
| |
| <varlistentry> |
| <term><option>--uid=</option></term> |
| <term><option>--gid=</option></term> |
| |
| <listitem><para>Runs the service process under the UNIX user |
| and group. Also see <varname>User=</varname> and |
| <varname>Group=</varname> in |
| <citerefentry><refentrytitle>systemd.exec</refentrytitle><manvolnum>5</manvolnum></citerefentry>.</para> |
| </listitem> |
| </varlistentry> |
| |
| <varlistentry> |
| <term><option>--nice=</option></term> |
| |
| <listitem><para>Runs the service process with the specified |
| nice level. Also see <varname>Nice=</varname> in |
| <citerefentry><refentrytitle>systemd.exec</refentrytitle><manvolnum>5</manvolnum></citerefentry>.</para> |
| </listitem> |
| </varlistentry> |
| |
| <varlistentry> |
| <term><option>--setenv=</option></term> |
| |
| <listitem><para>Runs the service process with the specified |
| environment variables set. Also see |
| <varname>Environment=</varname> in |
| <citerefentry><refentrytitle>systemd.exec</refentrytitle><manvolnum>5</manvolnum></citerefentry>.</para> |
| </listitem> |
| </varlistentry> |
| |
| <varlistentry> |
| <term><option>--pty</option></term> |
| <term><option>-t</option></term> |
| |
| <listitem><para>When invoking a command as service connects |
| its standard input and output to the invoking tty via a |
| pseudo TTY device. This allows invoking binaries as services |
| that expect interactive user input, such as interactive |
| command shells.</para></listitem> |
| </varlistentry> |
| |
| <varlistentry> |
| <term><option>--quiet</option></term> |
| <term><option>-q</option></term> |
| |
| <listitem><para>Suppresses additional informational output |
| while running. This is particularly useful in combination with |
| <option>--pty</option> when it will suppress the initial |
| message explaining how to terminate the TTY connection.</para></listitem> |
| </varlistentry> |
| |
| <varlistentry> |
| <term><option>--on-active=</option></term> |
| <term><option>--on-boot=</option></term> |
| <term><option>--on-startup=</option></term> |
| <term><option>--on-unit-active=</option></term> |
| <term><option>--on-unit-inactive=</option></term> |
| |
| <listitem><para>Defines monotonic timers relative to different |
| starting points. Also see <varname>OnActiveSec=</varname>, |
| <varname>OnBootSec=</varname>, |
| <varname>OnStartupSec=</varname>, |
| <varname>OnUnitActiveSec=</varname> and |
| <varname>OnUnitInactiveSec=</varname> in |
| <citerefentry><refentrytitle>systemd.timer</refentrytitle><manvolnum>5</manvolnum></citerefentry>. This |
| options have no effect in conjunction with |
| <option>--scope</option>.</para> |
| </listitem> |
| </varlistentry> |
| |
| <varlistentry> |
| <term><option>--on-calendar=</option></term> |
| |
| <listitem><para>Defines realtime (i.e. wallclock) timers with |
| calendar event expressions. Also see |
| <varname>OnCalendar=</varname> in |
| <citerefentry><refentrytitle>systemd.timer</refentrytitle><manvolnum>5</manvolnum></citerefentry>. This |
| option has no effect in conjunction with |
| <option>--scope</option>.</para> |
| </listitem> |
| </varlistentry> |
| |
| <varlistentry> |
| <term><option>--timer-property=</option></term> |
| |
| <listitem><para>Sets a timer unit property for the timer unit |
| that is created. It is similar with |
| <option>--property</option> but only for created timer |
| unit. This option only has effect in conjunction with |
| <option>--on-active=</option>, <option>--on-boot=</option>, |
| <option>--on-startup=</option>, |
| <option>--on-unit-active=</option>, |
| <option>--on-unit-inactive=</option>, |
| <option>--on-calendar=</option>. This takes an assignment in |
| the same format as |
| <citerefentry><refentrytitle>systemctl</refentrytitle><manvolnum>1</manvolnum></citerefentry>'s |
| <command>set-property</command> command.</para> </listitem> |
| </varlistentry> |
| |
| <xi:include href="user-system-options.xml" xpointer="user" /> |
| <xi:include href="user-system-options.xml" xpointer="system" /> |
| <xi:include href="user-system-options.xml" xpointer="host" /> |
| <xi:include href="user-system-options.xml" xpointer="machine" /> |
| |
| <xi:include href="standard-options.xml" xpointer="help" /> |
| <xi:include href="standard-options.xml" xpointer="version" /> |
| </variablelist> |
| |
| <para>All command line arguments after the first non-option |
| argument become part of the command line of the launched |
| process. If a command is run as service unit, its first argument |
| needs to be an absolute binary path.</para> |
| </refsect1> |
| |
| <refsect1> |
| <title>Exit status</title> |
| |
| <para>On success, 0 is returned, a non-zero failure |
| code otherwise.</para> |
| </refsect1> |
| |
| <refsect1> |
| <title>Examples</title> |
| |
| <para>The following command will log the environment variables |
| provided by systemd to services:</para> |
| |
| <programlisting># systemd-run env |
| Running as unit run-19945.service. |
| # journalctl -u run-19945.service |
| Sep 08 07:37:21 bupkis systemd[1]: Starting /usr/bin/env... |
| Sep 08 07:37:21 bupkis systemd[1]: Started /usr/bin/env. |
| Sep 08 07:37:21 bupkis env[19948]: PATH=/usr/local/sbin:/usr/local/bin:/usr/sbin:/usr/bin |
| Sep 08 07:37:21 bupkis env[19948]: LANG=en_US.UTF-8 |
| Sep 08 07:37:21 bupkis env[19948]: BOOT_IMAGE=/vmlinuz-3.11.0-0.rc5.git6.2.fc20.x86_64</programlisting> |
| |
| <para>The following command invokes the |
| <citerefentry project='man-pages'><refentrytitle>updatedb</refentrytitle><manvolnum>8</manvolnum></citerefentry> |
| tool, but lowers the block IO weight for it to 10. See |
| <citerefentry><refentrytitle>systemd.resource-control</refentrytitle><manvolnum>5</manvolnum></citerefentry> |
| for more information on the <varname>BlockIOWeight=</varname> |
| property.</para> |
| |
| <programlisting># systemd-run -p BlockIOWeight=10 updatedb</programlisting> |
| |
| <para>The following command will touch a file after 30 seconds.</para> |
| |
| <programlisting># date; systemd-run --on-active=30 --timer-property=AccuracySec=100ms /bin/touch /tmp/foo |
| Mon Dec 8 20:44:24 KST 2014 |
| Running as unit run-71.timer. |
| Will run as unit run-71.service. |
| # journalctl -b -u run-73.timer |
| -- Logs begin at Fri 2014-12-05 19:09:21 KST, end at Mon 2014-12-08 20:44:54 KST. -- |
| Dec 08 20:44:38 container systemd[1]: Starting /bin/touch /tmp/foo. |
| Dec 08 20:44:38 container systemd[1]: Started /bin/touch /tmp/foo. |
| # journalctl -b -u run-73.service |
| -- Logs begin at Fri 2014-12-05 19:09:21 KST, end at Mon 2014-12-08 20:44:54 KST. -- |
| Dec 08 20:44:48 container systemd[1]: Starting /bin/touch /tmp/foo... |
| Dec 08 20:44:48 container systemd[1]: Started /bin/touch /tmp/foo.</programlisting> |
| |
| <para>The following command invokes <filename>/bin/bash</filename> |
| as a service passing its standard input, output and error to |
| the calling TTY.</para> |
| |
| <programlisting># systemd-run -t /bin/bash</programlisting> |
| |
| </refsect1> |
| |
| <refsect1> |
| <title>See Also</title> |
| <para> |
| <citerefentry><refentrytitle>systemd</refentrytitle><manvolnum>1</manvolnum></citerefentry>, |
| <citerefentry><refentrytitle>systemctl</refentrytitle><manvolnum>1</manvolnum></citerefentry>, |
| <citerefentry><refentrytitle>systemd.unit</refentrytitle><manvolnum>5</manvolnum></citerefentry>, |
| <citerefentry><refentrytitle>systemd.service</refentrytitle><manvolnum>5</manvolnum></citerefentry>, |
| <citerefentry><refentrytitle>systemd.scope</refentrytitle><manvolnum>5</manvolnum></citerefentry>, |
| <citerefentry><refentrytitle>systemd.slice</refentrytitle><manvolnum>5</manvolnum></citerefentry>, |
| <citerefentry><refentrytitle>systemd.exec</refentrytitle><manvolnum>5</manvolnum></citerefentry>, |
| <citerefentry><refentrytitle>systemd.resource-control</refentrytitle><manvolnum>5</manvolnum></citerefentry>, |
| <citerefentry><refentrytitle>systemd.timer</refentrytitle><manvolnum>5</manvolnum></citerefentry>, |
| <citerefentry><refentrytitle>machinectl</refentrytitle><manvolnum>1</manvolnum></citerefentry> |
| </para> |
| </refsect1> |
| |
| </refentry> |