yotta/data/example-tls-client/main.cpp - security/mbedtls - Rivoreo Source Code Repositories

 /*
  *  Hello world example of a TLS client: fetch an HTTPS page
  *
  *  Copyright (C) 2006-2015, ARM Limited, All Rights Reserved
  *
  *  This file is part of mbed TLS (https://tls.mbed.org)
  *
  *  This program is free software; you can redistribute it and/or modify
  *  it under the terms of the GNU General Public License as published by
  *  the Free Software Foundation; either version 2 of the License, or
  *  (at your option) any later version.
  *
  *  This program is distributed in the hope that it will be useful,
  *  but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
  *  MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.  See the
  *  GNU General Public License for more details.
  *
  *  You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License along
  *  with this program; if not, write to the Free Software Foundation, Inc.,
  *  51 Franklin Street, Fifth Floor, Boston, MA 02110-1301 USA.
  */

 #if !defined(TARGET_LIKE_MBED)

 #include <stdio.h>

 int main() {
     printf("this program only works on mbed OS\n");
     return 0;
 }

 #else

 /** \file main.cpp
  *  \brief An example TLS Client application
  *  This application sends an HTTPS request to developer.mbed.org and searches for a string in
  *  the result.
  *
  *  This example is implemented as a logic class (HelloHTTPS) wrapping a TCP socket.
  *  The logic class handles all events, leaving the main loop to just check if the process
  *  has finished.
  */

 /* Change to a number between 1 and 4 to debug the TLS connection */
 #define DEBUG_LEVEL 0

 /* Change to 1 to skip certificate verification (UNSAFE, for debug only!) */
 #define UNSAFE 0

 #include "mbed.h"
 #include "EthernetInterface.h"
 #include "mbed-net-sockets/TCPStream.h"
 #include "test_env.h"
 #include "minar/minar.h"

 #include "lwipv4_init.h"

 #include "mbedtls/ssl.h"
 #include "mbedtls/entropy.h"
 #include "mbedtls/ctr_drbg.h"
 #include "mbedtls/error.h"
 #if DEBUG_LEVEL > 0
 #include "mbedtls/debug.h"
 #endif

 namespace {
 const char *HTTPS_SERVER_NAME = "developer.mbed.org";
 const int HTTPS_SERVER_PORT = 443;
 const int RECV_BUFFER_SIZE = 600;

 const char HTTPS_PATH[] = "/media/uploads/mbed_official/hello.txt";
 const size_t HTTPS_PATH_LEN = sizeof(HTTPS_PATH) - 1;

 /* Test related data */
 const char *HTTPS_OK_STR = "200 OK";
 const char *HTTPS_HELLO_STR = "Hello world!";

 /* personalization string for the drbg */
 const char *DRBG_PERS = "mbed TLS helloword client";

 /* List of trusted root CA certificates
  * currently just Verisign since it's the root used by developer.mbed.org
  * If you want to trust more that one root, just concatenate them.
  */
 const char SSL_CA_PEM[] =
 "-----BEGIN CERTIFICATE-----\n"
 "MIIDdTCCAl2gAwIBAgILBAAAAAABFUtaw5QwDQYJKoZIhvcNAQEFBQAwVzELMAkG\n"
 "A1UEBhMCQkUxGTAXBgNVBAoTEEdsb2JhbFNpZ24gbnYtc2ExEDAOBgNVBAsTB1Jv\n"
 "b3QgQ0ExGzAZBgNVBAMTEkdsb2JhbFNpZ24gUm9vdCBDQTAeFw05ODA5MDExMjAw\n"
 "MDBaFw0yODAxMjgxMjAwMDBaMFcxCzAJBgNVBAYTAkJFMRkwFwYDVQQKExBHbG9i\n"
 "YWxTaWduIG52LXNhMRAwDgYDVQQLEwdSb290IENBMRswGQYDVQQDExJHbG9iYWxT\n"
 "aWduIFJvb3QgQ0EwggEiMA0GCSqGSIb3DQEBAQUAA4IBDwAwggEKAoIBAQDaDuaZ\n"
 "jc6j40+Kfvvxi4Mla+pIH/EqsLmVEQS98GPR4mdmzxzdzxtIK+6NiY6arymAZavp\n"
 "xy0Sy6scTHAHoT0KMM0VjU/43dSMUBUc71DuxC73/OlS8pF94G3VNTCOXkNz8kHp\n"
 "1Wrjsok6Vjk4bwY8iGlbKk3Fp1S4bInMm/k8yuX9ifUSPJJ4ltbcdG6TRGHRjcdG\n"
 "snUOhugZitVtbNV4FpWi6cgKOOvyJBNPc1STE4U6G7weNLWLBYy5d4ux2x8gkasJ\n"
 "U26Qzns3dLlwR5EiUWMWea6xrkEmCMgZK9FGqkjWZCrXgzT/LCrBbBlDSgeF59N8\n"
 "9iFo7+ryUp9/k5DPAgMBAAGjQjBAMA4GA1UdDwEB/wQEAwIBBjAPBgNVHRMBAf8E\n"
 "BTADAQH/MB0GA1UdDgQWBBRge2YaRQ2XyolQL30EzTSo//z9SzANBgkqhkiG9w0B\n"
 "AQUFAAOCAQEA1nPnfE920I2/7LqivjTFKDK1fPxsnCwrvQmeU79rXqoRSLblCKOz\n"
 "yj1hTdNGCbM+w6DjY1Ub8rrvrTnhQ7k4o+YviiY776BQVvnGCv04zcQLcFGUl5gE\n"
 "38NflNUVyRRBnMRddWQVDf9VMOyGj/8N7yy5Y0b2qvzfvGn9LhJIZJrglfCm7ymP\n"
 "AbEVtQwdpf5pLGkkeB6zpxxxYu7KyJesF12KwvhHhm4qxFYxldBniYUr+WymXUad\n"
 "DKqC5JlR3XC321Y9YeRq4VzW9v493kHMB65jUr9TU/Qr6cf9tveCX4XSQRjbgbME\n"
 "HMUfpIBvFSDJ3gyICh3WZlXi/EjJKSZp4A==\n"
 "-----END CERTIFICATE-----\n";
 }

 using namespace mbed::Sockets::v0;

 /**
  * \brief HelloHTTPS implements the logic for fetching a file from a webserver
  * using a TCP socket and parsing the result.
  */
 class HelloHTTPS {
 public:
     /**
      * HelloHTTPS Constructor
      * Initializes the TCP socket, sets up event handlers and flags.
      *
      * Note that CThunk is used for event handlers.  This will be changed to a C++
      * function pointer in an upcoming release.
      *
      *
      * @param[in] domain The domain name to fetch from
      * @param[in] port The port of the HTTPS server
      */
     HelloHTTPS(const char * domain, const uint16_t port) :
             _stream(SOCKET_STACK_LWIP_IPV4), _domain(domain), _port(port)
     {

         _error = false;
         _gothello = false;
         _got200 = false;
         _bpos = 0;
         _request_sent = 0;
         _stream.open(SOCKET_AF_INET4);

         mbedtls_entropy_init(&_entropy);
         mbedtls_ctr_drbg_init(&_ctr_drbg);
         mbedtls_x509_crt_init(&_cacert);
         mbedtls_ssl_init(&_ssl);
         mbedtls_ssl_config_init(&_ssl_conf);
     }
     /**
      * Initiate the test.
      *
      * Starts by clearing test flags, then resolves the address with DNS.
      *
      * @param[in] path The path of the file to fetch from the HTTPS server
      * @return SOCKET_ERROR_NONE on success, or an error code on failure
      */
     void startTest(const char *path) {
         /* Initialize the flags */
         _got200 = false;
         _gothello = false;
         _error = false;
         _disconnected = false;
         _request_sent = false;
         /* Fill the request buffer */
         _bpos = snprintf(_buffer, sizeof(_buffer) - 1, "GET %s HTTP/1.1\nHost: %s\n\n", path, HTTPS_SERVER_NAME);

         /*
          * Initialize TLS-related stuf.
          */
         int ret;
         if ((ret = mbedtls_ctr_drbg_seed(&_ctr_drbg, mbedtls_entropy_func, &_entropy,
                           (const unsigned char *) DRBG_PERS,
                           sizeof (DRBG_PERS))) != 0) {
             print_mbedtls_error("mbedtls_crt_drbg_init", ret);
             _error = true;
             return;
         }

         if ((ret = mbedtls_x509_crt_parse(&_cacert, (const unsigned char *) SSL_CA_PEM,
                            sizeof (SSL_CA_PEM))) != 0) {
             print_mbedtls_error("mbedtls_x509_crt_parse", ret);
             _error = true;
             return;
         }

         if ((ret = mbedtls_ssl_config_defaults(&_ssl_conf,
                         MBEDTLS_SSL_IS_CLIENT,
                         MBEDTLS_SSL_TRANSPORT_STREAM,
                         MBEDTLS_SSL_PRESET_DEFAULT)) != 0) {
             print_mbedtls_error("mbedtls_ssl_config_defaults", ret);
             _error = true;
             return;
         }

         mbedtls_ssl_conf_ca_chain(&_ssl_conf, &_cacert, NULL);
         mbedtls_ssl_conf_rng(&_ssl_conf, mbedtls_ctr_drbg_random, &_ctr_drbg);

 #if UNSAFE
         mbedtls_ssl_conf_authmode(&_ssl_conf, MBEDTLS_SSL_VERIFY_OPTIONAL);
 #endif

 #if DEBUG_LEVEL > 0
         mbedtls_ssl_conf_verify(&_ssl_conf, my_verify, NULL);
         mbedtls_ssl_conf_dbg(&_ssl_conf, my_debug, NULL);
         mbedtls_debug_set_threshold(DEBUG_LEVEL);
 #endif

         if ((ret = mbedtls_ssl_setup(&_ssl, &_ssl_conf)) != 0) {
             print_mbedtls_error("mbedtls_ssl_setup", ret);
             _error = true;
             return;
         }

         mbedtls_ssl_set_hostname(&_ssl, HTTPS_SERVER_NAME);

         mbedtls_ssl_set_bio(&_ssl, static_cast<void *>(&_stream),
                                    ssl_send, ssl_recv, NULL );


         /* Connect to the server */
         printf("Starting DNS lookup for %s\r\n", _domain);
         /* Resolve the domain name: */
         socket_error_t err = _stream.resolve(_domain, TCPStream::DNSHandler_t(this, &HelloHTTPS::onDNS));
         _stream.error_check(err);
     }
     /**
      * Check if the test has completed.
      * @return Returns true if done, false otherwise.
      */
     bool done() {
         return _error || (_got200 && _gothello);
     }
     /**
      * Check if there was an error
      * @return Returns true if there was an error, false otherwise.
      */
     bool error() {
         return _error;
     }
     /**
      * Closes the TCP socket
      */
     void close() {
         _stream.close();
         while (!_disconnected)
             __WFI();
     }
 protected:
     /**
      * Helper for pretty-printing mbed TLS error codes
      */
     static void print_mbedtls_error(const char *name, int err) {
         char buf[128];
         mbedtls_strerror(err, buf, sizeof (buf));
         printf("%s() failed: -0x%04x (%d): %s\r\n", name, -err, err, buf);
     }

 #if DEBUG_LEVEL > 0
     /**
      * Debug callback for mbed TLS
      * Just prints on the USB serial port
      */
     static void my_debug(void *ctx, int level, const char *file, int line,
                          const char *str)
     {
         const char *p, *basename;
         (void) ctx;

         /* Extract basename from file */
         for(p = basename = file; *p != '\0'; p++) {
             if(*p == '/' || *p == '\\') {
                 basename = p + 1;
             }
         }

         printf("%s:%04d: |%d| %s", basename, line, level, str);
     }

     /**
      * Certificate verification callback for mbed TLS
      * Here we only use it to display information on each cert in the chain
      */
     static int my_verify(void *data, mbedtls_x509_crt *crt, int depth, uint32_t *flags)
     {
         char buf[1024];
         (void) data;

         printf("\nVerifying certificate at depth %d:\n", depth);
         mbedtls_x509_crt_info(buf, sizeof (buf) - 1, "  ", crt);
         printf("%s", buf);

         if (*flags == 0)
             printf("No verification issue for this certificate\n");
         else
         {
             mbedtls_x509_crt_verify_info(buf, sizeof (buf), "  ! ", *flags);
             printf("%s\n", buf);
         }

         return 0;
     }
 #endif

     /**
      * Receive callback for mbed TLS
      */
     static int ssl_recv(void *ctx, unsigned char *buf, size_t len) {
         TCPStream *stream = static_cast<TCPStream *>(ctx);
         socket_error_t err = stream->recv(buf, &len);

         if (err == SOCKET_ERROR_NONE) {
             return static_cast<int>(len);
         } else if (err == SOCKET_ERROR_WOULD_BLOCK) {
             return MBEDTLS_ERR_SSL_WANT_READ;
         } else {
             return -1;
         }
     }

     /**
      * Send callback for mbed TLS
      */
     static int ssl_send(void *ctx, const unsigned char *buf, size_t len) {
         TCPStream *stream = static_cast<TCPStream *>(ctx);

         socket_error_t err = stream->send(buf, len);

         if (err == SOCKET_ERROR_NONE) {
             return static_cast<int>(len);
         } else if (err == SOCKET_ERROR_WOULD_BLOCK) {
             return MBEDTLS_ERR_SSL_WANT_WRITE;
         } else {
             return -1;
         }
     }

     void onError(Socket *s, socket_error_t err) {
         (void) s;
         printf("MBED: Socket Error: %s (%d)\r\n", socket_strerror(err), err);
         _stream.close();
         _error = true;
         MBED_HOSTTEST_RESULT(false);
     }
     /**
      * On Connect handler
      * Starts the TLS handshake
      */
     void onConnect(TCPStream *s) {
         char buf[16];
         _remoteAddr.fmtIPv4(buf,sizeof(buf));
         printf("Connected to %s:%d\r\n", buf, _port);

         s->setOnReadable(TCPStream::ReadableHandler_t(this, &HelloHTTPS::onReceive));
         s->setOnDisconnect(TCPStream::DisconnectHandler_t(this, &HelloHTTPS::onDisconnect));

         /* Start the handshake, the rest will be done in onReceive() */
         printf("Starting the TLS handshake...\r\n");
         int ret = mbedtls_ssl_handshake(&_ssl);
         if (ret < 0) {
             if (ret != MBEDTLS_ERR_SSL_WANT_READ &&
                 ret != MBEDTLS_ERR_SSL_WANT_WRITE) {
                 print_mbedtls_error("mbedtls_ssl_handshake", ret);
                 onError(s, SOCKET_ERROR_UNKNOWN);
             }
             return;
         }
     }
     /**
      * On Receive handler
      * Parses the response from the server, to check for the HTTPS 200 status code and the expected response ("Hello World!")
      */
     void onReceive(Socket *s) {
         /* Send request if not done yet */
         if (!_request_sent) {
             int ret = mbedtls_ssl_write(&_ssl, (const unsigned char *) _buffer, _bpos);
             if (ret < 0) {
                 if (ret != MBEDTLS_ERR_SSL_WANT_READ &&
                     ret != MBEDTLS_ERR_SSL_WANT_WRITE) {
                     print_mbedtls_error("mbedtls_ssl_write", ret);
                     onError(s, SOCKET_ERROR_UNKNOWN);
                 }
                 return;
             }

             /* If we get here, the request was sent */
             _request_sent = 1;

             /* It also means the handshake is done, time to print info */
             printf("TLS connection to %s established\r\n", HTTPS_SERVER_NAME);
             {
                 char buf[1024];
                 mbedtls_x509_crt_info(buf, sizeof(buf), "\r    ",
                         mbedtls_ssl_get_peer_cert(&_ssl));
                 printf("Server certificate:\r\n%s\r", buf);

 #if defined(UNSAFE)
                 uint32_t flags = mbedtls_ssl_get_verify_result(&_ssl);
                 if( flags != 0 )
                 {
                     mbedtls_x509_crt_verify_info(buf, sizeof (buf), "\r  ! ", flags);
                     printf("Certificate verification failed:\r\n%s\r\r\n", buf);
                 }
                 else
 #endif
                     printf("Certificate verification passed\r\n\r\n");
             }
         }

         /* Read data out of the socket */
         int ret = mbedtls_ssl_read(&_ssl, (unsigned char *) _buffer, sizeof(_buffer));
         if (ret < 0) {
             if (ret != MBEDTLS_ERR_SSL_WANT_READ && ret != MBEDTLS_ERR_SSL_WANT_WRITE) {
                 print_mbedtls_error("mbedtls_ssl_read", ret);
                 onError(s, SOCKET_ERROR_UNKNOWN);
             }
             return;
         }
         _bpos = static_cast<size_t>(ret);

         _buffer[_bpos] = 0;

         /* Check each of the flags */
         _got200 = _got200 || strstr(_buffer, HTTPS_OK_STR) != NULL;
         _gothello = _gothello || strstr(_buffer, HTTPS_HELLO_STR) != NULL;

         /* Print status messages */
         printf("HTTPS: Received %d chars from server\r\n", _bpos);
         printf("HTTPS: Received 200 OK status ... %s\r\n", _got200 ? "[OK]" : "[FAIL]");
         printf("HTTPS: Received '%s' status ... %s\r\n", HTTPS_HELLO_STR, _gothello ? "[OK]" : "[FAIL]");
         printf("HTTPS: Received message:\r\n\r\n");
         printf("%s", _buffer);
         _error = !(_got200 && _gothello);

         s->close();
     }
     /**
      * On DNS Handler
      * Reads the address returned by DNS, then starts the connect process.
      */
     void onDNS(Socket *s, struct socket_addr addr, const char *domain) {
         /* Check that the result is a valid DNS response */
         if (socket_addr_is_any(&addr)) {
             /* Could not find DNS entry */
             printf("Could not find DNS entry for %s", HTTPS_SERVER_NAME);
             onError(s, SOCKET_ERROR_DNS_FAILED);
         } else {
             /* Start connecting to the remote host */
             char buf[16];
             _remoteAddr.setAddr(&addr);
             _remoteAddr.fmtIPv4(buf,sizeof(buf));
             printf("DNS Response Received:\r\n%s: %s\r\n", domain, buf);
             printf("Connecting to %s:%d\r\n", buf, _port);
             socket_error_t err = _stream.connect(_remoteAddr, _port, TCPStream::ConnectHandler_t(this, &HelloHTTPS::onConnect));

             if (err != SOCKET_ERROR_NONE) {
                 onError(s, err);
             }
         }
     }
     void onDisconnect(TCPStream *s) {
         s->close();
         MBED_HOSTTEST_RESULT(!error());
     }

 protected:
     TCPStream _stream;              /**< The TCP Socket */
     const char *_domain;            /**< The domain name of the HTTPS server */
     const uint16_t _port;           /**< The HTTPS server port */
     char _buffer[RECV_BUFFER_SIZE]; /**< The response buffer */
     size_t _bpos;                   /**< The current offset in the response buffer */
     SocketAddr _remoteAddr;         /**< The remote address */
     volatile bool _got200;          /**< Status flag for HTTPS 200 */
     volatile bool _gothello;        /**< Status flag for finding the test string */
     volatile bool _error;           /**< Status flag for an error */
     volatile bool _disconnected;
     volatile bool _request_sent;

     mbedtls_entropy_context _entropy;
     mbedtls_ctr_drbg_context _ctr_drbg;
     mbedtls_x509_crt _cacert;
     mbedtls_ssl_context _ssl;
     mbedtls_ssl_config _ssl_conf;
 };

 /**
  * The main loop of the HTTPS Hello World test
  */
 EthernetInterface eth;
 HelloHTTPS *hello;

 void app_start(int, char*[]) {
     /* The default 9600 bps is too slow to print full TLS debug info and could
      * cause the other party to time out. Select a higher baud rate for
      * printf(), regardless of debug level for the sake of uniformity. */
     Serial pc(USBTX, USBRX);
     pc.baud(115200);

     MBED_HOSTTEST_TIMEOUT(120);
     MBED_HOSTTEST_SELECT(default);
     MBED_HOSTTEST_DESCRIPTION(mbed TLS example HTTPS client);
     MBED_HOSTTEST_START("MBEDTLS_EX_HTTPS_CLIENT");

     /* Initialise with DHCP, connect, and start up the stack */
     eth.init();
     eth.connect();
     lwipv4_socket_init();

     hello = new HelloHTTPS(HTTPS_SERVER_NAME, HTTPS_SERVER_PORT);

     printf("Client IP Address is %s\r\n", eth.getIPAddress());

     mbed::FunctionPointer1<void, const char*> fp(hello, &HelloHTTPS::startTest);
     minar::Scheduler::postCallback(fp.bind(HTTPS_PATH));
 }

 #endif /* TARGET_LIKE_MBED */
	/*
	* Hello world example of a TLS client: fetch an HTTPS page
	*
	* Copyright (C) 2006-2015, ARM Limited, All Rights Reserved
	*
	* This file is part of mbed TLS (https://tls.mbed.org)
	*
	* This program is free software; you can redistribute it and/or modify
	* it under the terms of the GNU General Public License as published by
	* the Free Software Foundation; either version 2 of the License, or
	* (at your option) any later version.
	*
	* This program is distributed in the hope that it will be useful,
	* but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
	* MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE. See the
	* GNU General Public License for more details.
	*
	* You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License along
	* with this program; if not, write to the Free Software Foundation, Inc.,
	* 51 Franklin Street, Fifth Floor, Boston, MA 02110-1301 USA.
	*/

	#if !defined(TARGET_LIKE_MBED)

	#include <stdio.h>

	int main() {
	printf("this program only works on mbed OS\n");
	return 0;
	}

	#else

	/** \file main.cpp
	* \brief An example TLS Client application
	* This application sends an HTTPS request to developer.mbed.org and searches for a string in
	* the result.
	*
	* This example is implemented as a logic class (HelloHTTPS) wrapping a TCP socket.
	* The logic class handles all events, leaving the main loop to just check if the process
	* has finished.
	*/

	/* Change to a number between 1 and 4 to debug the TLS connection */
	#define DEBUG_LEVEL 0

	/* Change to 1 to skip certificate verification (UNSAFE, for debug only!) */
	#define UNSAFE 0

	#include "mbed.h"
	#include "EthernetInterface.h"
	#include "mbed-net-sockets/TCPStream.h"
	#include "test_env.h"
	#include "minar/minar.h"

	#include "lwipv4_init.h"

	#include "mbedtls/ssl.h"
	#include "mbedtls/entropy.h"
	#include "mbedtls/ctr_drbg.h"
	#include "mbedtls/error.h"
	#if DEBUG_LEVEL > 0
	#include "mbedtls/debug.h"
	#endif

	namespace {
	const char *HTTPS_SERVER_NAME = "developer.mbed.org";
	const int HTTPS_SERVER_PORT = 443;
	const int RECV_BUFFER_SIZE = 600;

	const char HTTPS_PATH[] = "/media/uploads/mbed_official/hello.txt";
	const size_t HTTPS_PATH_LEN = sizeof(HTTPS_PATH) - 1;

	/* Test related data */
	const char *HTTPS_OK_STR = "200 OK";
	const char *HTTPS_HELLO_STR = "Hello world!";

	/* personalization string for the drbg */
	const char *DRBG_PERS = "mbed TLS helloword client";

	/* List of trusted root CA certificates
	* currently just Verisign since it's the root used by developer.mbed.org
	* If you want to trust more that one root, just concatenate them.
	*/
	const char SSL_CA_PEM[] =
	"-----BEGIN CERTIFICATE-----\n"
	"MIIDdTCCAl2gAwIBAgILBAAAAAABFUtaw5QwDQYJKoZIhvcNAQEFBQAwVzELMAkG\n"
	"A1UEBhMCQkUxGTAXBgNVBAoTEEdsb2JhbFNpZ24gbnYtc2ExEDAOBgNVBAsTB1Jv\n"
	"b3QgQ0ExGzAZBgNVBAMTEkdsb2JhbFNpZ24gUm9vdCBDQTAeFw05ODA5MDExMjAw\n"
	"MDBaFw0yODAxMjgxMjAwMDBaMFcxCzAJBgNVBAYTAkJFMRkwFwYDVQQKExBHbG9i\n"
	"YWxTaWduIG52LXNhMRAwDgYDVQQLEwdSb290IENBMRswGQYDVQQDExJHbG9iYWxT\n"
	"aWduIFJvb3QgQ0EwggEiMA0GCSqGSIb3DQEBAQUAA4IBDwAwggEKAoIBAQDaDuaZ\n"
	"jc6j40+Kfvvxi4Mla+pIH/EqsLmVEQS98GPR4mdmzxzdzxtIK+6NiY6arymAZavp\n"
	"xy0Sy6scTHAHoT0KMM0VjU/43dSMUBUc71DuxC73/OlS8pF94G3VNTCOXkNz8kHp\n"
	"1Wrjsok6Vjk4bwY8iGlbKk3Fp1S4bInMm/k8yuX9ifUSPJJ4ltbcdG6TRGHRjcdG\n"
	"snUOhugZitVtbNV4FpWi6cgKOOvyJBNPc1STE4U6G7weNLWLBYy5d4ux2x8gkasJ\n"
	"U26Qzns3dLlwR5EiUWMWea6xrkEmCMgZK9FGqkjWZCrXgzT/LCrBbBlDSgeF59N8\n"
	"9iFo7+ryUp9/k5DPAgMBAAGjQjBAMA4GA1UdDwEB/wQEAwIBBjAPBgNVHRMBAf8E\n"
	"BTADAQH/MB0GA1UdDgQWBBRge2YaRQ2XyolQL30EzTSo//z9SzANBgkqhkiG9w0B\n"
	"AQUFAAOCAQEA1nPnfE920I2/7LqivjTFKDK1fPxsnCwrvQmeU79rXqoRSLblCKOz\n"
	"yj1hTdNGCbM+w6DjY1Ub8rrvrTnhQ7k4o+YviiY776BQVvnGCv04zcQLcFGUl5gE\n"
	"38NflNUVyRRBnMRddWQVDf9VMOyGj/8N7yy5Y0b2qvzfvGn9LhJIZJrglfCm7ymP\n"
	"AbEVtQwdpf5pLGkkeB6zpxxxYu7KyJesF12KwvhHhm4qxFYxldBniYUr+WymXUad\n"
	"DKqC5JlR3XC321Y9YeRq4VzW9v493kHMB65jUr9TU/Qr6cf9tveCX4XSQRjbgbME\n"
	"HMUfpIBvFSDJ3gyICh3WZlXi/EjJKSZp4A==\n"
	"-----END CERTIFICATE-----\n";
	}

	using namespace mbed::Sockets::v0;

	/**
	* \brief HelloHTTPS implements the logic for fetching a file from a webserver
	* using a TCP socket and parsing the result.
	*/
	class HelloHTTPS {
	public:
	/**
	* HelloHTTPS Constructor
	* Initializes the TCP socket, sets up event handlers and flags.
	*
	* Note that CThunk is used for event handlers. This will be changed to a C++
	* function pointer in an upcoming release.
	*
	*
	* @param[in] domain The domain name to fetch from
	* @param[in] port The port of the HTTPS server
	*/
	HelloHTTPS(const char * domain, const uint16_t port) :
	_stream(SOCKET_STACK_LWIP_IPV4), _domain(domain), _port(port)
	{

	_error = false;
	_gothello = false;
	_got200 = false;
	_bpos = 0;
	_request_sent = 0;
	_stream.open(SOCKET_AF_INET4);

	mbedtls_entropy_init(&_entropy);
	mbedtls_ctr_drbg_init(&_ctr_drbg);
	mbedtls_x509_crt_init(&_cacert);
	mbedtls_ssl_init(&_ssl);
	mbedtls_ssl_config_init(&_ssl_conf);
	}
	/**
	* Initiate the test.
	*
	* Starts by clearing test flags, then resolves the address with DNS.
	*
	* @param[in] path The path of the file to fetch from the HTTPS server
	* @return SOCKET_ERROR_NONE on success, or an error code on failure
	*/
	void startTest(const char *path) {
	/* Initialize the flags */
	_got200 = false;
	_gothello = false;
	_error = false;
	_disconnected = false;
	_request_sent = false;
	/* Fill the request buffer */
	_bpos = snprintf(_buffer, sizeof(_buffer) - 1, "GET %s HTTP/1.1\nHost: %s\n\n", path, HTTPS_SERVER_NAME);

	/*
	* Initialize TLS-related stuf.
	*/
	int ret;
	if ((ret = mbedtls_ctr_drbg_seed(&_ctr_drbg, mbedtls_entropy_func, &_entropy,
	(const unsigned char *) DRBG_PERS,
	sizeof (DRBG_PERS))) != 0) {
	print_mbedtls_error("mbedtls_crt_drbg_init", ret);
	_error = true;
	return;
	}

	if ((ret = mbedtls_x509_crt_parse(&_cacert, (const unsigned char *) SSL_CA_PEM,
	sizeof (SSL_CA_PEM))) != 0) {
	print_mbedtls_error("mbedtls_x509_crt_parse", ret);
	_error = true;
	return;
	}

	if ((ret = mbedtls_ssl_config_defaults(&_ssl_conf,
	MBEDTLS_SSL_IS_CLIENT,
	MBEDTLS_SSL_TRANSPORT_STREAM,
	MBEDTLS_SSL_PRESET_DEFAULT)) != 0) {
	print_mbedtls_error("mbedtls_ssl_config_defaults", ret);
	_error = true;
	return;
	}

	mbedtls_ssl_conf_ca_chain(&_ssl_conf, &_cacert, NULL);
	mbedtls_ssl_conf_rng(&_ssl_conf, mbedtls_ctr_drbg_random, &_ctr_drbg);

	#if UNSAFE
	mbedtls_ssl_conf_authmode(&_ssl_conf, MBEDTLS_SSL_VERIFY_OPTIONAL);
	#endif

	#if DEBUG_LEVEL > 0
	mbedtls_ssl_conf_verify(&_ssl_conf, my_verify, NULL);
	mbedtls_ssl_conf_dbg(&_ssl_conf, my_debug, NULL);
	mbedtls_debug_set_threshold(DEBUG_LEVEL);
	#endif

	if ((ret = mbedtls_ssl_setup(&_ssl, &_ssl_conf)) != 0) {
	print_mbedtls_error("mbedtls_ssl_setup", ret);
	_error = true;
	return;
	}

	mbedtls_ssl_set_hostname(&_ssl, HTTPS_SERVER_NAME);

	mbedtls_ssl_set_bio(&_ssl, static_cast<void *>(&_stream),
	ssl_send, ssl_recv, NULL );


	/* Connect to the server */
	printf("Starting DNS lookup for %s\r\n", _domain);
	/* Resolve the domain name: */
	socket_error_t err = _stream.resolve(_domain, TCPStream::DNSHandler_t(this, &HelloHTTPS::onDNS));
	_stream.error_check(err);
	}
	/**
	* Check if the test has completed.
	* @return Returns true if done, false otherwise.
	*/
	bool done() {
	return _error \|\| (_got200 && _gothello);
	}
	/**
	* Check if there was an error
	* @return Returns true if there was an error, false otherwise.
	*/
	bool error() {
	return _error;
	}
	/**
	* Closes the TCP socket
	*/
	void close() {
	_stream.close();
	while (!_disconnected)
	__WFI();
	}
	protected:
	/**
	* Helper for pretty-printing mbed TLS error codes
	*/
	static void print_mbedtls_error(const char *name, int err) {
	char buf[128];
	mbedtls_strerror(err, buf, sizeof (buf));
	printf("%s() failed: -0x%04x (%d): %s\r\n", name, -err, err, buf);
	}

	#if DEBUG_LEVEL > 0
	/**
	* Debug callback for mbed TLS
	* Just prints on the USB serial port
	*/
	static void my_debug(void ctx, int level, const char file, int line,
	const char *str)
	{
	const char p, basename;
	(void) ctx;

	/* Extract basename from file */
	for(p = basename = file; *p != '\0'; p++) {
	if(p == '/' \|\| p == '\\') {
	basename = p + 1;
	}
	}

	printf("%s:%04d: \|%d\| %s", basename, line, level, str);
	}

	/**
	* Certificate verification callback for mbed TLS
	* Here we only use it to display information on each cert in the chain
	*/
	static int my_verify(void data, mbedtls_x509_crt crt, int depth, uint32_t *flags)
	{
	char buf[1024];
	(void) data;

	printf("\nVerifying certificate at depth %d:\n", depth);
	mbedtls_x509_crt_info(buf, sizeof (buf) - 1, " ", crt);
	printf("%s", buf);

	if (*flags == 0)
	printf("No verification issue for this certificate\n");
	else
	{
	mbedtls_x509_crt_verify_info(buf, sizeof (buf), " ! ", *flags);
	printf("%s\n", buf);
	}

	return 0;
	}
	#endif

	/**
	* Receive callback for mbed TLS
	*/
	static int ssl_recv(void ctx, unsigned char buf, size_t len) {
	TCPStream stream = static_cast<TCPStream >(ctx);
	socket_error_t err = stream->recv(buf, &len);

	if (err == SOCKET_ERROR_NONE) {
	return static_cast<int>(len);
	} else if (err == SOCKET_ERROR_WOULD_BLOCK) {
	return MBEDTLS_ERR_SSL_WANT_READ;
	} else {
	return -1;
	}
	}

	/**
	* Send callback for mbed TLS
	*/
	static int ssl_send(void ctx, const unsigned char buf, size_t len) {
	TCPStream stream = static_cast<TCPStream >(ctx);

	socket_error_t err = stream->send(buf, len);

	if (err == SOCKET_ERROR_NONE) {
	return static_cast<int>(len);
	} else if (err == SOCKET_ERROR_WOULD_BLOCK) {
	return MBEDTLS_ERR_SSL_WANT_WRITE;
	} else {
	return -1;
	}
	}

	void onError(Socket *s, socket_error_t err) {
	(void) s;
	printf("MBED: Socket Error: %s (%d)\r\n", socket_strerror(err), err);
	_stream.close();
	_error = true;
	MBED_HOSTTEST_RESULT(false);
	}
	/**
	* On Connect handler
	* Starts the TLS handshake
	*/
	void onConnect(TCPStream *s) {
	char buf[16];
	_remoteAddr.fmtIPv4(buf,sizeof(buf));
	printf("Connected to %s:%d\r\n", buf, _port);

	s->setOnReadable(TCPStream::ReadableHandler_t(this, &HelloHTTPS::onReceive));
	s->setOnDisconnect(TCPStream::DisconnectHandler_t(this, &HelloHTTPS::onDisconnect));

	/* Start the handshake, the rest will be done in onReceive() */
	printf("Starting the TLS handshake...\r\n");
	int ret = mbedtls_ssl_handshake(&_ssl);
	if (ret < 0) {
	if (ret != MBEDTLS_ERR_SSL_WANT_READ &&
	ret != MBEDTLS_ERR_SSL_WANT_WRITE) {
	print_mbedtls_error("mbedtls_ssl_handshake", ret);
	onError(s, SOCKET_ERROR_UNKNOWN);
	}
	return;
	}
	}
	/**
	* On Receive handler
	* Parses the response from the server, to check for the HTTPS 200 status code and the expected response ("Hello World!")
	*/
	void onReceive(Socket *s) {
	/* Send request if not done yet */
	if (!_request_sent) {
	int ret = mbedtls_ssl_write(&_ssl, (const unsigned char *) _buffer, _bpos);
	if (ret < 0) {
	if (ret != MBEDTLS_ERR_SSL_WANT_READ &&
	ret != MBEDTLS_ERR_SSL_WANT_WRITE) {
	print_mbedtls_error("mbedtls_ssl_write", ret);
	onError(s, SOCKET_ERROR_UNKNOWN);
	}
	return;
	}

	/* If we get here, the request was sent */
	_request_sent = 1;

	/* It also means the handshake is done, time to print info */
	printf("TLS connection to %s established\r\n", HTTPS_SERVER_NAME);
	{
	char buf[1024];
	mbedtls_x509_crt_info(buf, sizeof(buf), "\r ",
	mbedtls_ssl_get_peer_cert(&_ssl));
	printf("Server certificate:\r\n%s\r", buf);

	#if defined(UNSAFE)
	uint32_t flags = mbedtls_ssl_get_verify_result(&_ssl);
	if( flags != 0 )
	{
	mbedtls_x509_crt_verify_info(buf, sizeof (buf), "\r ! ", flags);
	printf("Certificate verification failed:\r\n%s\r\r\n", buf);
	}
	else
	#endif
	printf("Certificate verification passed\r\n\r\n");
	}
	}

	/* Read data out of the socket */
	int ret = mbedtls_ssl_read(&_ssl, (unsigned char *) _buffer, sizeof(_buffer));
	if (ret < 0) {
	if (ret != MBEDTLS_ERR_SSL_WANT_READ && ret != MBEDTLS_ERR_SSL_WANT_WRITE) {
	print_mbedtls_error("mbedtls_ssl_read", ret);
	onError(s, SOCKET_ERROR_UNKNOWN);
	}
	return;
	}
	_bpos = static_cast<size_t>(ret);

	_buffer[_bpos] = 0;

	/* Check each of the flags */
	_got200 = _got200 \|\| strstr(_buffer, HTTPS_OK_STR) != NULL;
	_gothello = _gothello \|\| strstr(_buffer, HTTPS_HELLO_STR) != NULL;

	/* Print status messages */
	printf("HTTPS: Received %d chars from server\r\n", _bpos);
	printf("HTTPS: Received 200 OK status ... %s\r\n", _got200 ? "[OK]" : "[FAIL]");
	printf("HTTPS: Received '%s' status ... %s\r\n", HTTPS_HELLO_STR, _gothello ? "[OK]" : "[FAIL]");
	printf("HTTPS: Received message:\r\n\r\n");
	printf("%s", _buffer);
	_error = !(_got200 && _gothello);

	s->close();
	}
	/**
	* On DNS Handler
	* Reads the address returned by DNS, then starts the connect process.
	*/
	void onDNS(Socket s, struct socket_addr addr, const char domain) {
	/* Check that the result is a valid DNS response */
	if (socket_addr_is_any(&addr)) {
	/* Could not find DNS entry */
	printf("Could not find DNS entry for %s", HTTPS_SERVER_NAME);
	onError(s, SOCKET_ERROR_DNS_FAILED);
	} else {
	/* Start connecting to the remote host */
	char buf[16];
	_remoteAddr.setAddr(&addr);
	_remoteAddr.fmtIPv4(buf,sizeof(buf));
	printf("DNS Response Received:\r\n%s: %s\r\n", domain, buf);
	printf("Connecting to %s:%d\r\n", buf, _port);
	socket_error_t err = _stream.connect(_remoteAddr, _port, TCPStream::ConnectHandler_t(this, &HelloHTTPS::onConnect));

	if (err != SOCKET_ERROR_NONE) {
	onError(s, err);
	}
	}
	}
	void onDisconnect(TCPStream *s) {
	s->close();
	MBED_HOSTTEST_RESULT(!error());
	}

	protected:
	TCPStream _stream; /*< The TCP Socket /
	const char _domain; /< The domain name of the HTTPS server /
	const uint16_t _port; /*< The HTTPS server port /
	char _buffer[RECV_BUFFER_SIZE]; /*< The response buffer /
	size_t _bpos; /*< The current offset in the response buffer /
	SocketAddr _remoteAddr; /*< The remote address /
	volatile bool _got200; /*< Status flag for HTTPS 200 /
	volatile bool _gothello; /*< Status flag for finding the test string /
	volatile bool _error; /*< Status flag for an error /
	volatile bool _disconnected;
	volatile bool _request_sent;

	mbedtls_entropy_context _entropy;
	mbedtls_ctr_drbg_context _ctr_drbg;
	mbedtls_x509_crt _cacert;
	mbedtls_ssl_context _ssl;
	mbedtls_ssl_config _ssl_conf;
	};

	/**
	* The main loop of the HTTPS Hello World test
	*/
	EthernetInterface eth;
	HelloHTTPS *hello;

	void app_start(int, char*[]) {
	/* The default 9600 bps is too slow to print full TLS debug info and could
	* cause the other party to time out. Select a higher baud rate for
	* printf(), regardless of debug level for the sake of uniformity. */
	Serial pc(USBTX, USBRX);
	pc.baud(115200);

	MBED_HOSTTEST_TIMEOUT(120);
	MBED_HOSTTEST_SELECT(default);
	MBED_HOSTTEST_DESCRIPTION(mbed TLS example HTTPS client);
	MBED_HOSTTEST_START("MBEDTLS_EX_HTTPS_CLIENT");

	/* Initialise with DHCP, connect, and start up the stack */
	eth.init();
	eth.connect();
	lwipv4_socket_init();

	hello = new HelloHTTPS(HTTPS_SERVER_NAME, HTTPS_SERVER_PORT);

	printf("Client IP Address is %s\r\n", eth.getIPAddress());

	mbed::FunctionPointer1<void, const char*> fp(hello, &HelloHTTPS::startTest);
	minar::Scheduler::postCallback(fp.bind(HTTPS_PATH));
	}

	#endif /* TARGET_LIKE_MBED */