Process.c - htop - Rivoreo Source Code Repositories

 /*
 htop - Process.c
 (C) 2004-2015 Hisham H. Muhammad
 Released under the GNU GPL, see the COPYING file
 in the source distribution for its full text.
 */

 #include "Process.h"
 #include "Settings.h"

 #include "CRT.h"
 #include "StringUtils.h"
 #include "RichString.h"
 #include "Platform.h"

 #include <stdio.h>
 #include <sys/time.h>
 #include <sys/resource.h>
 #include <sys/param.h>
 #include <sys/stat.h>
 #include <sys/types.h>
 #include <unistd.h>
 #include <stdlib.h>
 #include <signal.h>
 #include <string.h>
 #include <pwd.h>
 #include <time.h>
 #include <assert.h>
 #include <math.h>
 #ifdef MAJOR_IN_MKDEV
 #include <sys/mkdev.h>
 #elif defined(MAJOR_IN_SYSMACROS) || \
    (defined(HAVE_SYS_SYSMACROS_H) && HAVE_SYS_SYSMACROS_H)
 #include <sys/sysmacros.h>
 #endif

 #ifdef __ANDROID__
 #define SYS_ioprio_get __NR_ioprio_get
 #define SYS_ioprio_set __NR_ioprio_set
 #endif

 /*{
 #include "config.h"
 #include "Object.h"
 #include <sys/types.h>
 #include <stdbool.h>

 #define PROCESS_FLAG_IO 0x0001

 typedef enum ProcessFields {
    NULL_PROCESSFIELD = 0,
    PID = 1,
    NAME = 2,
    STATE = 3,
    PPID = 4,
    PGRP = 5,
    SESSION = 6,
    TTY_NR = 7,
    TPGID = 8,
    MINFLT = 10,
    MAJFLT = 12,
    PRIORITY = 18,
    NICE = 19,
    STARTTIME = 21,
    PROCESSOR = 38,
    M_SIZE = 39,
    M_RESIDENT = 40,
    EFFECTIVE_UID = 46,
    PERCENT_CPU = 47,
    PERCENT_MEM = 48,
    EFFECTIVE_USER = 49,
    TIME = 50,
    NLWP = 51,
    TGID = 52,
    REAL_UID = 53,
    REAL_USER = 54,
    COMM = 99
 } ProcessField;

 typedef struct ProcessPidColumn_ {
    int id;
    char* label;
 } ProcessPidColumn;

 typedef struct Process_ {
    Object super;

    struct Settings_* settings;

    unsigned long long int time;
    pid_t pid;
    pid_t ppid;
    pid_t tgid;
    char *name;
    char* comm;
    int commLen;
    int indent;

    int basenameOffset;
    bool updated;

    char state;
    bool tag;
    bool showChildren;
    bool show;
    unsigned int pgrp;
    unsigned int session;
    unsigned int tty_nr;
    int tpgid;
    uid_t ruid;
    uid_t euid;
    int processor;

    float percent_cpu;
    float percent_mem;

    char *real_user;
    char *effective_user;

    long int priority;
    long int nice;
    long int nlwp;
    char starttime_show[8];
    time_t starttime_ctime;

    long m_size;
    long m_resident;

    int exit_signal;

    unsigned long int minflt;
    unsigned long int majflt;
    #ifdef DEBUG
    long int itrealvalue;
    unsigned long int vsize;
    long int rss;
    unsigned long int rlim;
    unsigned long int startcode;
    unsigned long int endcode;
    unsigned long int startstack;
    unsigned long int kstkesp;
    unsigned long int kstkeip;
    unsigned long int signal;
    unsigned long int blocked;
    unsigned long int sigignore;
    unsigned long int sigcatch;
    unsigned long int wchan;
    unsigned long int nswap;
    unsigned long int cnswap;
    #endif

 } Process;

 typedef struct ProcessFieldData_ {
    const char* name;
    const char* title;
    const char* description;
    int flags;
 } ProcessFieldData;

 // Implemented in platform-specific code:
 void Process_writeField(Process* this, RichString* str, ProcessField field);
 long Process_compare(const void* v1, const void* v2);
 void Process_delete(Object* cast);
 bool Process_isKernelProcess(Process *);
 bool Process_isExtraThreadProcess(Process* this);
 extern ProcessFieldData Process_fields[];
 extern ProcessPidColumn Process_pidColumns[];
 extern char Process_pidFormat[20];

 typedef Process*(*Process_New)(struct Settings_*);
 typedef void (*Process_WriteField)(Process*, RichString*, ProcessField);

 typedef struct ProcessClass_ {
    const ObjectClass super;
    const Process_WriteField writeField;
 } ProcessClass;

 #define As_Process(this_)              ((ProcessClass*)((this_)->super.klass))

 #if defined __OpenBSD__ && defined PID_AND_MAIN_THREAD_ID_DIFFER
 #define Process_getParentPid(process_) ((process_)->tgid == (process_)->pid || (process_)->settings->hide_high_level_processes ? (process_)->ppid : (process_)->tgid)
 #define Process_isChildOf(process_, pid_) ((process_)->tgid == (pid_) || (((process_)->tgid == (process_)->pid || (process_)->settings->hide_high_level_processes) && (process_)->ppid == (pid_)))
 #else
 #define Process_getParentPid(process_) ((process_)->tgid == (process_)->pid ? (process_)->ppid : (process_)->tgid)
 #define Process_isChildOf(process_, pid_) ((process_)->tgid == (pid_) || ((process_)->tgid == (process_)->pid && (process_)->ppid == (pid_)))
 #endif

 #define Process_sortState(state) ((state) == 'I' ? 0x100 : (state))

 }*/

 static int Process_getuid = -1;

 char Process_pidFormat[20] = "%7d ";

 static char Process_titleBuffer[20][20];

 void Process_setupColumnWidths() {
    int maxPid = Platform_getMaxPid();
    if (maxPid == -1) return;
    int digits = ceil(log10(maxPid));
    assert(digits < 20);
    for (int i = 0; Process_pidColumns[i].label; i++) {
       assert(i < 20);
       xSnprintf(Process_titleBuffer[i], 20, "%*s ", digits, Process_pidColumns[i].label);
       Process_fields[Process_pidColumns[i].id].title = Process_titleBuffer[i];
    }
    xSnprintf(Process_pidFormat, sizeof(Process_pidFormat), "%%%dd ", digits);
 }

 void Process_humanNumber(RichString* str, unsigned long number, bool coloring) {
    char buffer[11];
    int len;
    int largeNumberColor = CRT_colors[LARGE_NUMBER];
    int processMegabytesColor = CRT_colors[PROCESS_MEGABYTES];
    int processColor = CRT_colors[PROCESS];
    if (!coloring) {
       largeNumberColor = CRT_colors[PROCESS];
       processMegabytesColor = CRT_colors[PROCESS];
    }
    if(number >= (10 * ONE_DECIMAL_M)) {
       #ifdef __LP64__
       if(number >= (100 * ONE_DECIMAL_G)) {
          len = snprintf(buffer, sizeof buffer, "%4luT ", number / ONE_BINARY_G);
          RichString_appendn(str, largeNumberColor, buffer, len);
          return;
       } else if (number >= (1000 * ONE_DECIMAL_M)) {
          len = snprintf(buffer, sizeof buffer, "%4.1lfT ", (double)number / ONE_BINARY_G);
          if((size_t)len > sizeof buffer - 1) {
             strcpy(buffer, "***** ");
             len = 6;
          }
          RichString_appendn(str, largeNumberColor, buffer, len);
          return;
       }
       #endif
       if(number >= (100 * ONE_DECIMAL_M)) {
          len = snprintf(buffer, sizeof buffer, "%4luG ", number / ONE_BINARY_M);
          if((size_t)len > sizeof buffer - 1) {
             strcpy(buffer, "***** ");
             len = 6;
          }
          RichString_appendn(str, largeNumberColor, buffer, len);
          return;
       }
       len = snprintf(buffer, sizeof buffer, "%4.1lfG ", (double)number / ONE_BINARY_M);
       RichString_appendn(str, largeNumberColor, buffer, len);
       return;
    } else if (number >= 10000) {
       len = snprintf(buffer, sizeof buffer, "%4luM ", number / ONE_BINARY_K);
       RichString_appendn(str, processMegabytesColor, buffer, len);
       return;
    } else if (number >= 1000) {
       len = snprintf(buffer, sizeof buffer, "%1lu", number / 1000);
       RichString_appendn(str, processMegabytesColor, buffer, len);
       number %= 1000;
       len = snprintf(buffer, sizeof buffer, "%03luK ", number);
       RichString_appendn(str, processColor, buffer, len);
       return;
    }
    len = snprintf(buffer, sizeof buffer, "%4luK ", number);
    RichString_appendn(str, processColor, buffer, len);
 }

 void Process_colorNumber(RichString* str, unsigned long long number, bool coloring) {
    char buffer[22];

    int largeNumberColor = CRT_colors[LARGE_NUMBER];
    int processMegabytesColor = CRT_colors[PROCESS_MEGABYTES];
    int processColor = CRT_colors[PROCESS];
    int processShadowColor = CRT_colors[PROCESS_SHADOW];
    if (!coloring) {
       largeNumberColor = CRT_colors[PROCESS];
       processMegabytesColor = CRT_colors[PROCESS];
       processShadowColor = CRT_colors[PROCESS];
    }

    if ((long long) number == -1LL) {
       int len = snprintf(buffer, sizeof buffer, "    no perm ");
       RichString_appendn(str, CRT_colors[PROCESS_SHADOW], buffer, len);
    } else if (number > 10000000000) {
       xSnprintf(buffer, sizeof buffer, "%11llu ", number / 1000);
       RichString_appendn(str, largeNumberColor, buffer, 5);
       RichString_appendn(str, processMegabytesColor, buffer+5, 3);
       RichString_appendn(str, processColor, buffer+8, 4);
    } else {
       xSnprintf(buffer, sizeof buffer, "%11llu ", number);
       RichString_appendn(str, largeNumberColor, buffer, 2);
       RichString_appendn(str, processMegabytesColor, buffer+2, 3);
       RichString_appendn(str, processColor, buffer+5, 3);
       RichString_appendn(str, processShadowColor, buffer+8, 4);
    }
 }

 void Process_printTime(RichString* str, unsigned long long totalHundredths) {
    unsigned long long totalSeconds = totalHundredths / 100;

    unsigned long long hours = totalSeconds / 3600;
    int minutes = (totalSeconds / 60) % 60;
    int seconds = totalSeconds % 60;
    int hundredths = totalHundredths - (totalSeconds * 100);
    char buffer[23];
    if (hours >= 100) {
       xSnprintf(buffer, sizeof buffer, "%7lluh ", hours);
       RichString_append(str, CRT_colors[LARGE_NUMBER], buffer);
    } else {
       if (hours) {
          xSnprintf(buffer, sizeof buffer, "%2lluh", hours);
          RichString_append(str, CRT_colors[LARGE_NUMBER], buffer);
          xSnprintf(buffer, sizeof buffer, "%02d:%02d ", minutes, seconds);
       } else {
          xSnprintf(buffer, sizeof buffer, "%2d:%02d.%02d ", minutes, seconds, hundredths);
       }
       RichString_append(str, CRT_colors[DEFAULT_COLOR], buffer);
    }
 }

 static inline void Process_writeCommand(Process* this, int attr, int baseattr, RichString* str) {
    int start = RichString_size(str), finish = 0;
    char* comm = this->comm;

    if (this->settings->highlightBaseName || !this->settings->showProgramPath) {
       int i, basename = 0;
       for (i = 0; i < this->basenameOffset; i++) {
          if (comm[i] == '/') {
             basename = i + 1;
          } else if (comm[i] == ':') {
             finish = i + 1;
             break;
          }
       }
       if (!finish) {
          if (this->settings->showProgramPath)
             start += basename;
          else
             comm += basename;
          finish = this->basenameOffset - basename;
       }
       finish += start - 1;
    }

    RichString_append(str, attr, comm);

    if (this->settings->highlightBaseName)
       RichString_setAttrn(str, baseattr, start, finish);
 }

 void Process_outputRate(RichString* str, char* buffer, int n, double rate, int coloring) {
    int largeNumberColor = CRT_colors[LARGE_NUMBER];
    int processMegabytesColor = CRT_colors[PROCESS_MEGABYTES];
    int processColor = CRT_colors[PROCESS];
    if (!coloring) {
       largeNumberColor = CRT_colors[PROCESS];
       processMegabytesColor = CRT_colors[PROCESS];
    }
    if (rate == -1) {
       int len = snprintf(buffer, n, "    no perm ");
       RichString_appendn(str, CRT_colors[PROCESS_SHADOW], buffer, len);
    } else if (rate < ONE_BINARY_K) {
       int len = snprintf(buffer, n, "%8.2fB/s ", rate);
       RichString_appendn(str, processColor, buffer, len);
    } else if (rate < ONE_BINARY_K * ONE_BINARY_K) {
       int len = snprintf(buffer, n, "%6.1fKiB/s ", rate / ONE_BINARY_K);
       RichString_appendn(str, processColor, buffer, len);
    } else if (rate < ONE_BINARY_K * ONE_BINARY_K * ONE_BINARY_K) {
       int len = snprintf(buffer, n, "%6.1fMiB/s ", rate / ONE_BINARY_K / ONE_BINARY_K);
       RichString_appendn(str, processMegabytesColor, buffer, len);
    } else {
       int len = snprintf(buffer, n, "%6.1fGiB/s ", rate / ONE_BINARY_K / ONE_BINARY_K / ONE_BINARY_K);
       RichString_appendn(str, largeNumberColor, buffer, len);
    }
 }

 void Process_writeField(Process* this, RichString* str, ProcessField field) {
    char buffer[256]; buffer[255] = '\0';
    int attr = CRT_colors[DEFAULT_COLOR];
    int baseattr = CRT_colors[PROCESS_BASENAME];
    int n = sizeof(buffer);
    bool coloring = this->settings->highlightMegabytes;

    switch (field) {
    case PERCENT_CPU:
       if (this->percent_cpu > 999.9) {
          xSnprintf(buffer, n, "%4u ", (unsigned int)this->percent_cpu);
       } else if (this->percent_cpu > 99.9) {
          xSnprintf(buffer, n, "%3u. ", (unsigned int)this->percent_cpu);
       } else {
          xSnprintf(buffer, n, "%4.1f ", this->percent_cpu);
       }
       break;
    case PERCENT_MEM:
       if (this->percent_mem > 99.9) {
          xSnprintf(buffer, n, "100. ");
       } else {
          xSnprintf(buffer, n, "%4.1f ", this->percent_mem);
       }
       break;
    case NAME:
       xSnprintf(buffer, n, "%-15s ", this->name);
       if(buffer[16]) {
          buffer[15] = ' ';
          buffer[16] = 0;
       }
       break;
    case COMM:
       if (this->settings->highlightThreads && Process_isExtraThreadProcess(this)) {
          attr = CRT_colors[PROCESS_THREAD];
          baseattr = CRT_colors[PROCESS_THREAD_BASENAME];
       } else if(this->settings->highlight_kernel_processes && Process_isKernelProcess(this)) {
          attr = CRT_colors[PROCESS_KERNEL_PROCESS];
          baseattr = CRT_colors[PROCESS_KERNEL_PROCESS];
       }
       if (!this->settings->treeView || this->indent == 0) {
          Process_writeCommand(this, attr, baseattr, str);
          return;
       } else {
          char* buf = buffer;
          int maxIndent = 0;
          bool lastItem = (this->indent < 0);
          int indent = (this->indent < 0 ? -this->indent : this->indent);

          for (int i = 0; i < 32; i++)
             if (indent & (1U << i))
                maxIndent = i+1;
           for (int i = 0; i < maxIndent - 1; i++) {
             int written, ret;
             if (indent & (1 << i))
                ret = snprintf(buf, n, "%s  ", CRT_treeStr[TREE_STR_VERT]);
             else
                ret = snprintf(buf, n, "   ");
             if (ret < 0 || ret >= n) {
                written = n;
             } else {
                written = ret;
             }
             buf += written;
             n -= written;
          }
          const char* draw = CRT_treeStr[lastItem ? (this->settings->direction == 1 ? TREE_STR_BEND : TREE_STR_TEND) : TREE_STR_RTEE];
          xSnprintf(buf, n, "%s%s ", draw, this->showChildren ? CRT_treeStr[TREE_STR_SHUT] : CRT_treeStr[TREE_STR_OPEN] );
          RichString_append(str, CRT_colors[PROCESS_TREE], buffer);
          Process_writeCommand(this, attr, baseattr, str);
          return;
       }
    case MAJFLT:
       Process_colorNumber(str, this->majflt, coloring);
       return;
    case MINFLT:
       Process_colorNumber(str, this->minflt, coloring);
       return;
    case M_RESIDENT:
       Process_humanNumber(str, this->m_resident * CRT_page_size_kib, coloring);
       return;
    case M_SIZE:
       Process_humanNumber(str, this->m_size * CRT_page_size_kib, coloring);
       return;
    case NICE:
       n = snprintf(buffer, n, "%3ld", this->nice);
       assert(n >= 3);
       if(n == 3) {
          buffer[3] = ' ';
          buffer[4] = 0;
       }
       if(this->nice < 0) attr = CRT_colors[PROCESS_HIGH_PRIORITY];
       else if(this->nice > 0) attr = CRT_colors[PROCESS_LOW_PRIORITY];
       break;
    case NLWP:
       xSnprintf(buffer, n, "%4ld ", this->nlwp);
       break;
    case PGRP:
       xSnprintf(buffer, n, Process_pidFormat, this->pgrp);
       break;
    case PID:
       xSnprintf(buffer, n, Process_pidFormat, this->pid);
       break;
    case PPID:
       xSnprintf(buffer, n, Process_pidFormat, this->ppid);
       break;
    case PRIORITY:
       if(this->priority <= -100) xSnprintf(buffer, n, " RT ");
       else xSnprintf(buffer, n, "%3ld ", this->priority);
       break;
    case PROCESSOR:
       xSnprintf(buffer, n, "%3d ", Settings_cpuId(this->settings, this->processor));
       break;
    case SESSION:
       xSnprintf(buffer, n, Process_pidFormat, this->session);
       break;
    case STARTTIME:
       xSnprintf(buffer, n, "%s", this->starttime_show);
       break;
    case STATE:
       xSnprintf(buffer, n, "%c ", this->state);
       switch(this->state) {
           case 'R':
               attr = CRT_colors[PROCESS_R_STATE];
               break;
           case 'D':
               attr = CRT_colors[PROCESS_D_STATE];
               break;
       }
       break;
    case REAL_UID:
       xSnprintf(buffer, n, "%6d ", (int)this->ruid);
       break;
    case EFFECTIVE_UID:
       xSnprintf(buffer, n, "%6d ", (int)this->euid);
       break;
    case TIME:
       Process_printTime(str, this->time);
       return;
    case TGID:
       xSnprintf(buffer, n, Process_pidFormat, (int)this->tgid);
       break;
    case TPGID:
       xSnprintf(buffer, n, Process_pidFormat, (int)this->tpgid);
       break;
    case TTY_NR:
       xSnprintf(buffer, n, "%3u:%3u ", (unsigned int)major(this->tty_nr), (unsigned int)minor(this->tty_nr));
       break;
    case REAL_USER:
       if (Process_getuid != (int) this->ruid) attr = CRT_colors[PROCESS_SHADOW];
       if (this->real_user) {
          xSnprintf(buffer, n, "%-9s ", this->real_user);
       } else {
          xSnprintf(buffer, n, "%-9d ", (int)this->ruid);
       }
       goto user_end;
    case EFFECTIVE_USER:
       if (Process_getuid != (int) this->euid) attr = CRT_colors[PROCESS_SHADOW];
       if (this->effective_user) {
          xSnprintf(buffer, n, "%-9s ", this->effective_user);
       } else {
          xSnprintf(buffer, n, "%-9d ", (int)this->euid);
       }
    user_end:
       if (buffer[10]) {
          buffer[9] = ' ';
          buffer[10] = '\0';
       }
       break;
    default:
       xSnprintf(buffer, n, "- ");
    }
    RichString_append(str, attr, buffer);
 }

 void Process_display(Object* cast, RichString* out) {
    Process* this = (Process*) cast;
    ProcessField* fields = this->settings->fields;
    RichString_prune(out);
    for (int i = 0; fields[i]; i++) {
       As_Process(this)->writeField(this, out, fields[i]);
    }
    if (this->settings->shadowOtherUsers && (int)this->ruid != Process_getuid && (int)this->euid != Process_getuid) {
       RichString_setAttr(out, CRT_colors[PROCESS_SHADOW]);
    }
    if (this->tag) {
       RichString_setAttr(out, CRT_colors[PROCESS_TAG]);
    }
    assert(out->chlen > 0);
 }

 void Process_done(Process* this) {
    assert (this != NULL);
    free(this->name);
    free(this->comm);
 }

 ProcessClass Process_class = {
    .super = {
       .extends = Class(Object),
       .display = Process_display,
       .delete = Process_delete,
       .compare = Process_compare
    },
    .writeField = Process_writeField,
 };

 void Process_init(Process* this, struct Settings_* settings) {
    this->settings = settings;
    this->tag = false;
    this->showChildren = true;
    this->show = true;
    this->updated = false;
    this->basenameOffset = -1;
    if (Process_getuid == -1) Process_getuid = getuid();
 }

 void Process_toggleTag(Process* this) {
    this->tag = this->tag == true ? false : true;
 }

 bool Process_setPriority(Process* this, int priority) {
    CRT_dropPrivileges();
    int old_prio = getpriority(PRIO_PROCESS, this->pid);
    int err = setpriority(PRIO_PROCESS, this->pid, priority);
    CRT_restorePrivileges();
    if (err == 0 && old_prio != getpriority(PRIO_PROCESS, this->pid)) {
       this->nice = priority;
    }
    return (err == 0);
 }

 bool Process_changePriorityBy(Process* this, int delta) {
    return Process_setPriority(this, this->nice + delta);
 }

 void Process_sendSignal(Process* this, int sgn) {
    CRT_dropPrivileges();
    kill(this->pid, (int) sgn);
    CRT_restorePrivileges();
 }

 long Process_pidCompare(const void* v1, const void* v2) {
    Process* p1 = (Process*)v1;
    Process* p2 = (Process*)v2;
    return (p1->pid - p2->pid);
 }

 long Process_compare(const void* v1, const void* v2) {
    Process *p1, *p2;
    Settings *settings = ((Process*)v1)->settings;
    if (settings->direction == 1) {
       p1 = (Process*)v1;
       p2 = (Process*)v2;
    } else {
       p2 = (Process*)v1;
       p1 = (Process*)v2;
    }
    switch (settings->sortKey) {
    case PERCENT_CPU:
       return (p2->percent_cpu > p1->percent_cpu ? 1 : -1);
    case PERCENT_MEM:
       return (p2->m_resident - p1->m_resident);
    case NAME:
       return strcmp(p1->name, p2->name);
    case COMM:
       return strcmp(p1->comm, p2->comm);
    case MAJFLT:
       return (p2->majflt - p1->majflt);
    case MINFLT:
       return (p2->minflt - p1->minflt);
    case M_RESIDENT:
       return (p2->m_resident - p1->m_resident);
    case M_SIZE:
       return (p2->m_size - p1->m_size);
    case NICE:
       return (p1->nice - p2->nice);
    case NLWP:
       return (p1->nlwp - p2->nlwp);
    case PGRP:
       return (p1->pgrp - p2->pgrp);
    case PID:
       return (p1->pid - p2->pid);
    case PPID:
       return (p1->ppid - p2->ppid);
    case PRIORITY:
       return (p1->priority - p2->priority);
    case PROCESSOR:
       return (p1->processor - p2->processor);
    case SESSION:
       return (p1->session - p2->session);
    case STARTTIME:
       return p1->starttime_ctime == p2->starttime_ctime ?
          p1->pid - p2->pid : p1->starttime_ctime - p2->starttime_ctime;
    case STATE:
       return (Process_sortState(p1->state) - Process_sortState(p2->state));
    case REAL_UID:
       return (p1->ruid - p2->ruid);
    case EFFECTIVE_UID:
       return (p1->euid - p2->euid);
    case TIME:
       return p2->time - p1->time;
    case TGID:
       return (p1->tgid - p2->tgid);
    case TPGID:
       return (p1->tpgid - p2->tpgid);
    case TTY_NR:
       return (p1->tty_nr - p2->tty_nr);
    case REAL_USER:
       if(!p1->real_user && !p2->real_user) return p1->ruid - p2->ruid;
       return strcmp(p1->real_user ? p1->real_user : "", p2->real_user ? p2->real_user : "");
    case EFFECTIVE_USER:
       if(!p1->effective_user && !p2->effective_user) return p1->euid - p2->euid;
       return strcmp(p1->effective_user ? p1->effective_user : "", p2->effective_user ? p2->effective_user : "");
    default:
       return (p1->pid - p2->pid);
    }
 }
	/*
	htop - Process.c
	(C) 2004-2015 Hisham H. Muhammad
	Released under the GNU GPL, see the COPYING file
	in the source distribution for its full text.
	*/

	#include "Process.h"
	#include "Settings.h"

	#include "CRT.h"
	#include "StringUtils.h"
	#include "RichString.h"
	#include "Platform.h"

	#include <stdio.h>
	#include <sys/time.h>
	#include <sys/resource.h>
	#include <sys/param.h>
	#include <sys/stat.h>
	#include <sys/types.h>
	#include <unistd.h>
	#include <stdlib.h>
	#include <signal.h>
	#include <string.h>
	#include <pwd.h>
	#include <time.h>
	#include <assert.h>
	#include <math.h>
	#ifdef MAJOR_IN_MKDEV
	#include <sys/mkdev.h>
	#elif defined(MAJOR_IN_SYSMACROS) \|\| \
	(defined(HAVE_SYS_SYSMACROS_H) && HAVE_SYS_SYSMACROS_H)
	#include <sys/sysmacros.h>
	#endif

	#ifdef __ANDROID__
	#define SYS_ioprio_get __NR_ioprio_get
	#define SYS_ioprio_set __NR_ioprio_set
	#endif

	/*{
	#include "config.h"
	#include "Object.h"
	#include <sys/types.h>
	#include <stdbool.h>

	#define PROCESS_FLAG_IO 0x0001

	typedef enum ProcessFields {
	NULL_PROCESSFIELD = 0,
	PID = 1,
	NAME = 2,
	STATE = 3,
	PPID = 4,
	PGRP = 5,
	SESSION = 6,
	TTY_NR = 7,
	TPGID = 8,
	MINFLT = 10,
	MAJFLT = 12,
	PRIORITY = 18,
	NICE = 19,
	STARTTIME = 21,
	PROCESSOR = 38,
	M_SIZE = 39,
	M_RESIDENT = 40,
	EFFECTIVE_UID = 46,
	PERCENT_CPU = 47,
	PERCENT_MEM = 48,
	EFFECTIVE_USER = 49,
	TIME = 50,
	NLWP = 51,
	TGID = 52,
	REAL_UID = 53,
	REAL_USER = 54,
	COMM = 99
	} ProcessField;

	typedef struct ProcessPidColumn_ {
	int id;
	char* label;
	} ProcessPidColumn;

	typedef struct Process_ {
	Object super;

	struct Settings_* settings;

	unsigned long long int time;
	pid_t pid;
	pid_t ppid;
	pid_t tgid;
	char *name;
	char* comm;
	int commLen;
	int indent;

	int basenameOffset;
	bool updated;

	char state;
	bool tag;
	bool showChildren;
	bool show;
	unsigned int pgrp;
	unsigned int session;
	unsigned int tty_nr;
	int tpgid;
	uid_t ruid;
	uid_t euid;
	int processor;

	float percent_cpu;
	float percent_mem;

	char *real_user;
	char *effective_user;

	long int priority;
	long int nice;
	long int nlwp;
	char starttime_show[8];
	time_t starttime_ctime;

	long m_size;
	long m_resident;

	int exit_signal;

	unsigned long int minflt;
	unsigned long int majflt;
	#ifdef DEBUG
	long int itrealvalue;
	unsigned long int vsize;
	long int rss;
	unsigned long int rlim;
	unsigned long int startcode;
	unsigned long int endcode;
	unsigned long int startstack;
	unsigned long int kstkesp;
	unsigned long int kstkeip;
	unsigned long int signal;
	unsigned long int blocked;
	unsigned long int sigignore;
	unsigned long int sigcatch;
	unsigned long int wchan;
	unsigned long int nswap;
	unsigned long int cnswap;
	#endif

	} Process;

	typedef struct ProcessFieldData_ {
	const char* name;
	const char* title;
	const char* description;
	int flags;
	} ProcessFieldData;

	// Implemented in platform-specific code:
	void Process_writeField(Process* this, RichString* str, ProcessField field);
	long Process_compare(const void* v1, const void* v2);
	void Process_delete(Object* cast);
	bool Process_isKernelProcess(Process *);
	bool Process_isExtraThreadProcess(Process* this);
	extern ProcessFieldData Process_fields[];
	extern ProcessPidColumn Process_pidColumns[];
	extern char Process_pidFormat[20];

	typedef Process(Process_New)(struct Settings_*);
	typedef void (Process_WriteField)(Process, RichString*, ProcessField);

	typedef struct ProcessClass_ {
	const ObjectClass super;
	const Process_WriteField writeField;
	} ProcessClass;

	#define As_Process(this_) ((ProcessClass*)((this_)->super.klass))

	#if defined __OpenBSD__ && defined PID_AND_MAIN_THREAD_ID_DIFFER
	#define Process_getParentPid(process_) ((process_)->tgid == (process_)->pid \|\| (process_)->settings->hide_high_level_processes ? (process_)->ppid : (process_)->tgid)
	#define Process_isChildOf(process_, pid_) ((process_)->tgid == (pid_) \|\| (((process_)->tgid == (process_)->pid \|\| (process_)->settings->hide_high_level_processes) && (process_)->ppid == (pid_)))
	#else
	#define Process_getParentPid(process_) ((process_)->tgid == (process_)->pid ? (process_)->ppid : (process_)->tgid)
	#define Process_isChildOf(process_, pid_) ((process_)->tgid == (pid_) \|\| ((process_)->tgid == (process_)->pid && (process_)->ppid == (pid_)))
	#endif

	#define Process_sortState(state) ((state) == 'I' ? 0x100 : (state))

	}*/

	static int Process_getuid = -1;

	char Process_pidFormat[20] = "%7d ";

	static char Process_titleBuffer[20][20];

	void Process_setupColumnWidths() {
	int maxPid = Platform_getMaxPid();
	if (maxPid == -1) return;
	int digits = ceil(log10(maxPid));
	assert(digits < 20);
	for (int i = 0; Process_pidColumns[i].label; i++) {
	assert(i < 20);
	xSnprintf(Process_titleBuffer[i], 20, "%*s ", digits, Process_pidColumns[i].label);
	Process_fields[Process_pidColumns[i].id].title = Process_titleBuffer[i];
	}
	xSnprintf(Process_pidFormat, sizeof(Process_pidFormat), "%%%dd ", digits);
	}

	void Process_humanNumber(RichString* str, unsigned long number, bool coloring) {
	char buffer[11];
	int len;
	int largeNumberColor = CRT_colors[LARGE_NUMBER];
	int processMegabytesColor = CRT_colors[PROCESS_MEGABYTES];
	int processColor = CRT_colors[PROCESS];
	if (!coloring) {
	largeNumberColor = CRT_colors[PROCESS];
	processMegabytesColor = CRT_colors[PROCESS];
	}
	if(number >= (10 * ONE_DECIMAL_M)) {
	#ifdef __LP64__
	if(number >= (100 * ONE_DECIMAL_G)) {
	len = snprintf(buffer, sizeof buffer, "%4luT ", number / ONE_BINARY_G);
	RichString_appendn(str, largeNumberColor, buffer, len);
	return;
	} else if (number >= (1000 * ONE_DECIMAL_M)) {
	len = snprintf(buffer, sizeof buffer, "%4.1lfT ", (double)number / ONE_BINARY_G);
	if((size_t)len > sizeof buffer - 1) {
	strcpy(buffer, "***** ");
	len = 6;
	}
	RichString_appendn(str, largeNumberColor, buffer, len);
	return;
	}
	#endif
	if(number >= (100 * ONE_DECIMAL_M)) {
	len = snprintf(buffer, sizeof buffer, "%4luG ", number / ONE_BINARY_M);
	if((size_t)len > sizeof buffer - 1) {
	strcpy(buffer, "***** ");
	len = 6;
	}
	RichString_appendn(str, largeNumberColor, buffer, len);
	return;
	}
	len = snprintf(buffer, sizeof buffer, "%4.1lfG ", (double)number / ONE_BINARY_M);
	RichString_appendn(str, largeNumberColor, buffer, len);
	return;
	} else if (number >= 10000) {
	len = snprintf(buffer, sizeof buffer, "%4luM ", number / ONE_BINARY_K);
	RichString_appendn(str, processMegabytesColor, buffer, len);
	return;
	} else if (number >= 1000) {
	len = snprintf(buffer, sizeof buffer, "%1lu", number / 1000);
	RichString_appendn(str, processMegabytesColor, buffer, len);
	number %= 1000;
	len = snprintf(buffer, sizeof buffer, "%03luK ", number);
	RichString_appendn(str, processColor, buffer, len);
	return;
	}
	len = snprintf(buffer, sizeof buffer, "%4luK ", number);
	RichString_appendn(str, processColor, buffer, len);
	}

	void Process_colorNumber(RichString* str, unsigned long long number, bool coloring) {
	char buffer[22];

	int largeNumberColor = CRT_colors[LARGE_NUMBER];
	int processMegabytesColor = CRT_colors[PROCESS_MEGABYTES];
	int processColor = CRT_colors[PROCESS];
	int processShadowColor = CRT_colors[PROCESS_SHADOW];
	if (!coloring) {
	largeNumberColor = CRT_colors[PROCESS];
	processMegabytesColor = CRT_colors[PROCESS];
	processShadowColor = CRT_colors[PROCESS];
	}

	if ((long long) number == -1LL) {
	int len = snprintf(buffer, sizeof buffer, " no perm ");
	RichString_appendn(str, CRT_colors[PROCESS_SHADOW], buffer, len);
	} else if (number > 10000000000) {
	xSnprintf(buffer, sizeof buffer, "%11llu ", number / 1000);
	RichString_appendn(str, largeNumberColor, buffer, 5);
	RichString_appendn(str, processMegabytesColor, buffer+5, 3);
	RichString_appendn(str, processColor, buffer+8, 4);
	} else {
	xSnprintf(buffer, sizeof buffer, "%11llu ", number);
	RichString_appendn(str, largeNumberColor, buffer, 2);
	RichString_appendn(str, processMegabytesColor, buffer+2, 3);
	RichString_appendn(str, processColor, buffer+5, 3);
	RichString_appendn(str, processShadowColor, buffer+8, 4);
	}
	}

	void Process_printTime(RichString* str, unsigned long long totalHundredths) {
	unsigned long long totalSeconds = totalHundredths / 100;

	unsigned long long hours = totalSeconds / 3600;
	int minutes = (totalSeconds / 60) % 60;
	int seconds = totalSeconds % 60;
	int hundredths = totalHundredths - (totalSeconds * 100);
	char buffer[23];
	if (hours >= 100) {
	xSnprintf(buffer, sizeof buffer, "%7lluh ", hours);
	RichString_append(str, CRT_colors[LARGE_NUMBER], buffer);
	} else {
	if (hours) {
	xSnprintf(buffer, sizeof buffer, "%2lluh", hours);
	RichString_append(str, CRT_colors[LARGE_NUMBER], buffer);
	xSnprintf(buffer, sizeof buffer, "%02d:%02d ", minutes, seconds);
	} else {
	xSnprintf(buffer, sizeof buffer, "%2d:%02d.%02d ", minutes, seconds, hundredths);
	}
	RichString_append(str, CRT_colors[DEFAULT_COLOR], buffer);
	}
	}

	static inline void Process_writeCommand(Process* this, int attr, int baseattr, RichString* str) {
	int start = RichString_size(str), finish = 0;
	char* comm = this->comm;

	if (this->settings->highlightBaseName \|\| !this->settings->showProgramPath) {
	int i, basename = 0;
	for (i = 0; i < this->basenameOffset; i++) {
	if (comm[i] == '/') {
	basename = i + 1;
	} else if (comm[i] == ':') {
	finish = i + 1;
	break;
	}
	}
	if (!finish) {
	if (this->settings->showProgramPath)
	start += basename;
	else
	comm += basename;
	finish = this->basenameOffset - basename;
	}
	finish += start - 1;
	}

	RichString_append(str, attr, comm);

	if (this->settings->highlightBaseName)
	RichString_setAttrn(str, baseattr, start, finish);
	}

	void Process_outputRate(RichString* str, char* buffer, int n, double rate, int coloring) {
	int largeNumberColor = CRT_colors[LARGE_NUMBER];
	int processMegabytesColor = CRT_colors[PROCESS_MEGABYTES];
	int processColor = CRT_colors[PROCESS];
	if (!coloring) {
	largeNumberColor = CRT_colors[PROCESS];
	processMegabytesColor = CRT_colors[PROCESS];
	}
	if (rate == -1) {
	int len = snprintf(buffer, n, " no perm ");
	RichString_appendn(str, CRT_colors[PROCESS_SHADOW], buffer, len);
	} else if (rate < ONE_BINARY_K) {
	int len = snprintf(buffer, n, "%8.2fB/s ", rate);
	RichString_appendn(str, processColor, buffer, len);
	} else if (rate < ONE_BINARY_K * ONE_BINARY_K) {
	int len = snprintf(buffer, n, "%6.1fKiB/s ", rate / ONE_BINARY_K);
	RichString_appendn(str, processColor, buffer, len);
	} else if (rate < ONE_BINARY_K * ONE_BINARY_K * ONE_BINARY_K) {
	int len = snprintf(buffer, n, "%6.1fMiB/s ", rate / ONE_BINARY_K / ONE_BINARY_K);
	RichString_appendn(str, processMegabytesColor, buffer, len);
	} else {
	int len = snprintf(buffer, n, "%6.1fGiB/s ", rate / ONE_BINARY_K / ONE_BINARY_K / ONE_BINARY_K);
	RichString_appendn(str, largeNumberColor, buffer, len);
	}
	}

	void Process_writeField(Process* this, RichString* str, ProcessField field) {
	char buffer[256]; buffer[255] = '\0';
	int attr = CRT_colors[DEFAULT_COLOR];
	int baseattr = CRT_colors[PROCESS_BASENAME];
	int n = sizeof(buffer);
	bool coloring = this->settings->highlightMegabytes;

	switch (field) {
	case PERCENT_CPU:
	if (this->percent_cpu > 999.9) {
	xSnprintf(buffer, n, "%4u ", (unsigned int)this->percent_cpu);
	} else if (this->percent_cpu > 99.9) {
	xSnprintf(buffer, n, "%3u. ", (unsigned int)this->percent_cpu);
	} else {
	xSnprintf(buffer, n, "%4.1f ", this->percent_cpu);
	}
	break;
	case PERCENT_MEM:
	if (this->percent_mem > 99.9) {
	xSnprintf(buffer, n, "100. ");
	} else {
	xSnprintf(buffer, n, "%4.1f ", this->percent_mem);
	}
	break;
	case NAME:
	xSnprintf(buffer, n, "%-15s ", this->name);
	if(buffer[16]) {
	buffer[15] = ' ';
	buffer[16] = 0;
	}
	break;
	case COMM:
	if (this->settings->highlightThreads && Process_isExtraThreadProcess(this)) {
	attr = CRT_colors[PROCESS_THREAD];
	baseattr = CRT_colors[PROCESS_THREAD_BASENAME];
	} else if(this->settings->highlight_kernel_processes && Process_isKernelProcess(this)) {
	attr = CRT_colors[PROCESS_KERNEL_PROCESS];
	baseattr = CRT_colors[PROCESS_KERNEL_PROCESS];
	}
	if (!this->settings->treeView \|\| this->indent == 0) {
	Process_writeCommand(this, attr, baseattr, str);
	return;
	} else {
	char* buf = buffer;
	int maxIndent = 0;
	bool lastItem = (this->indent < 0);
	int indent = (this->indent < 0 ? -this->indent : this->indent);

	for (int i = 0; i < 32; i++)
	if (indent & (1U << i))
	maxIndent = i+1;
	for (int i = 0; i < maxIndent - 1; i++) {
	int written, ret;
	if (indent & (1 << i))
	ret = snprintf(buf, n, "%s ", CRT_treeStr[TREE_STR_VERT]);
	else
	ret = snprintf(buf, n, " ");
	if (ret < 0 \|\| ret >= n) {
	written = n;
	} else {
	written = ret;
	}
	buf += written;
	n -= written;
	}
	const char* draw = CRT_treeStr[lastItem ? (this->settings->direction == 1 ? TREE_STR_BEND : TREE_STR_TEND) : TREE_STR_RTEE];
	xSnprintf(buf, n, "%s%s ", draw, this->showChildren ? CRT_treeStr[TREE_STR_SHUT] : CRT_treeStr[TREE_STR_OPEN] );
	RichString_append(str, CRT_colors[PROCESS_TREE], buffer);
	Process_writeCommand(this, attr, baseattr, str);
	return;
	}
	case MAJFLT:
	Process_colorNumber(str, this->majflt, coloring);
	return;
	case MINFLT:
	Process_colorNumber(str, this->minflt, coloring);
	return;
	case M_RESIDENT:
	Process_humanNumber(str, this->m_resident * CRT_page_size_kib, coloring);
	return;
	case M_SIZE:
	Process_humanNumber(str, this->m_size * CRT_page_size_kib, coloring);
	return;
	case NICE:
	n = snprintf(buffer, n, "%3ld", this->nice);
	assert(n >= 3);
	if(n == 3) {
	buffer[3] = ' ';
	buffer[4] = 0;
	}
	if(this->nice < 0) attr = CRT_colors[PROCESS_HIGH_PRIORITY];
	else if(this->nice > 0) attr = CRT_colors[PROCESS_LOW_PRIORITY];
	break;
	case NLWP:
	xSnprintf(buffer, n, "%4ld ", this->nlwp);
	break;
	case PGRP:
	xSnprintf(buffer, n, Process_pidFormat, this->pgrp);
	break;
	case PID:
	xSnprintf(buffer, n, Process_pidFormat, this->pid);
	break;
	case PPID:
	xSnprintf(buffer, n, Process_pidFormat, this->ppid);
	break;
	case PRIORITY:
	if(this->priority <= -100) xSnprintf(buffer, n, " RT ");
	else xSnprintf(buffer, n, "%3ld ", this->priority);
	break;
	case PROCESSOR:
	xSnprintf(buffer, n, "%3d ", Settings_cpuId(this->settings, this->processor));
	break;
	case SESSION:
	xSnprintf(buffer, n, Process_pidFormat, this->session);
	break;
	case STARTTIME:
	xSnprintf(buffer, n, "%s", this->starttime_show);
	break;
	case STATE:
	xSnprintf(buffer, n, "%c ", this->state);
	switch(this->state) {
	case 'R':
	attr = CRT_colors[PROCESS_R_STATE];
	break;
	case 'D':
	attr = CRT_colors[PROCESS_D_STATE];
	break;
	}
	break;
	case REAL_UID:
	xSnprintf(buffer, n, "%6d ", (int)this->ruid);
	break;
	case EFFECTIVE_UID:
	xSnprintf(buffer, n, "%6d ", (int)this->euid);
	break;
	case TIME:
	Process_printTime(str, this->time);
	return;
	case TGID:
	xSnprintf(buffer, n, Process_pidFormat, (int)this->tgid);
	break;
	case TPGID:
	xSnprintf(buffer, n, Process_pidFormat, (int)this->tpgid);
	break;
	case TTY_NR:
	xSnprintf(buffer, n, "%3u:%3u ", (unsigned int)major(this->tty_nr), (unsigned int)minor(this->tty_nr));
	break;
	case REAL_USER:
	if (Process_getuid != (int) this->ruid) attr = CRT_colors[PROCESS_SHADOW];
	if (this->real_user) {
	xSnprintf(buffer, n, "%-9s ", this->real_user);
	} else {
	xSnprintf(buffer, n, "%-9d ", (int)this->ruid);
	}
	goto user_end;
	case EFFECTIVE_USER:
	if (Process_getuid != (int) this->euid) attr = CRT_colors[PROCESS_SHADOW];
	if (this->effective_user) {
	xSnprintf(buffer, n, "%-9s ", this->effective_user);
	} else {
	xSnprintf(buffer, n, "%-9d ", (int)this->euid);
	}
	user_end:
	if (buffer[10]) {
	buffer[9] = ' ';
	buffer[10] = '\0';
	}
	break;
	default:
	xSnprintf(buffer, n, "- ");
	}
	RichString_append(str, attr, buffer);
	}

	void Process_display(Object* cast, RichString* out) {
	Process* this = (Process*) cast;
	ProcessField* fields = this->settings->fields;
	RichString_prune(out);
	for (int i = 0; fields[i]; i++) {
	As_Process(this)->writeField(this, out, fields[i]);
	}
	if (this->settings->shadowOtherUsers && (int)this->ruid != Process_getuid && (int)this->euid != Process_getuid) {
	RichString_setAttr(out, CRT_colors[PROCESS_SHADOW]);
	}
	if (this->tag) {
	RichString_setAttr(out, CRT_colors[PROCESS_TAG]);
	}
	assert(out->chlen > 0);
	}

	void Process_done(Process* this) {
	assert (this != NULL);
	free(this->name);
	free(this->comm);
	}

	ProcessClass Process_class = {
	.super = {
	.extends = Class(Object),
	.display = Process_display,
	.delete = Process_delete,
	.compare = Process_compare
	},
	.writeField = Process_writeField,
	};

	void Process_init(Process* this, struct Settings_* settings) {
	this->settings = settings;
	this->tag = false;
	this->showChildren = true;
	this->show = true;
	this->updated = false;
	this->basenameOffset = -1;
	if (Process_getuid == -1) Process_getuid = getuid();
	}

	void Process_toggleTag(Process* this) {
	this->tag = this->tag == true ? false : true;
	}

	bool Process_setPriority(Process* this, int priority) {
	CRT_dropPrivileges();
	int old_prio = getpriority(PRIO_PROCESS, this->pid);
	int err = setpriority(PRIO_PROCESS, this->pid, priority);
	CRT_restorePrivileges();
	if (err == 0 && old_prio != getpriority(PRIO_PROCESS, this->pid)) {
	this->nice = priority;
	}
	return (err == 0);
	}

	bool Process_changePriorityBy(Process* this, int delta) {
	return Process_setPriority(this, this->nice + delta);
	}

	void Process_sendSignal(Process* this, int sgn) {
	CRT_dropPrivileges();
	kill(this->pid, (int) sgn);
	CRT_restorePrivileges();
	}

	long Process_pidCompare(const void* v1, const void* v2) {
	Process* p1 = (Process*)v1;
	Process* p2 = (Process*)v2;
	return (p1->pid - p2->pid);
	}

	long Process_compare(const void* v1, const void* v2) {
	Process p1, p2;
	Settings settings = ((Process)v1)->settings;
	if (settings->direction == 1) {
	p1 = (Process*)v1;
	p2 = (Process*)v2;
	} else {
	p2 = (Process*)v1;
	p1 = (Process*)v2;
	}
	switch (settings->sortKey) {
	case PERCENT_CPU:
	return (p2->percent_cpu > p1->percent_cpu ? 1 : -1);
	case PERCENT_MEM:
	return (p2->m_resident - p1->m_resident);
	case NAME:
	return strcmp(p1->name, p2->name);
	case COMM:
	return strcmp(p1->comm, p2->comm);
	case MAJFLT:
	return (p2->majflt - p1->majflt);
	case MINFLT:
	return (p2->minflt - p1->minflt);
	case M_RESIDENT:
	return (p2->m_resident - p1->m_resident);
	case M_SIZE:
	return (p2->m_size - p1->m_size);
	case NICE:
	return (p1->nice - p2->nice);
	case NLWP:
	return (p1->nlwp - p2->nlwp);
	case PGRP:
	return (p1->pgrp - p2->pgrp);
	case PID:
	return (p1->pid - p2->pid);
	case PPID:
	return (p1->ppid - p2->ppid);
	case PRIORITY:
	return (p1->priority - p2->priority);
	case PROCESSOR:
	return (p1->processor - p2->processor);
	case SESSION:
	return (p1->session - p2->session);
	case STARTTIME:
	return p1->starttime_ctime == p2->starttime_ctime ?
	p1->pid - p2->pid : p1->starttime_ctime - p2->starttime_ctime;
	case STATE:
	return (Process_sortState(p1->state) - Process_sortState(p2->state));
	case REAL_UID:
	return (p1->ruid - p2->ruid);
	case EFFECTIVE_UID:
	return (p1->euid - p2->euid);
	case TIME:
	return p2->time - p1->time;
	case TGID:
	return (p1->tgid - p2->tgid);
	case TPGID:
	return (p1->tpgid - p2->tpgid);
	case TTY_NR:
	return (p1->tty_nr - p2->tty_nr);
	case REAL_USER:
	if(!p1->real_user && !p2->real_user) return p1->ruid - p2->ruid;
	return strcmp(p1->real_user ? p1->real_user : "", p2->real_user ? p2->real_user : "");
	case EFFECTIVE_USER:
	if(!p1->effective_user && !p2->effective_user) return p1->euid - p2->euid;
	return strcmp(p1->effective_user ? p1->effective_user : "", p2->effective_user ? p2->effective_user : "");
	default:
	return (p1->pid - p2->pid);
	}
	}