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 <HTML>

 <HEAD>
 <TITLE>GRUB Installation Guide</TITLE>
 </HEAD>

 <BODY>

 <CENTER><H1>GRUB Installation Guide</H1></CENTER>
 <CENTER><H3>by
 <A HREF=http://www.uruk.org/~erich/>Erich Boleyn</A></H3></CENTER>

 <HR>

 <H2>Contents</H2>

 <UL>
 <LI><A HREF="#raw">Install using "rawrite" or "dd" to floppy disk</A>
 <LI><A HREF="#automated">Automated Install using GRUB</A>
 </UL>

 <H3>Getting Started Quickly</H3>

 If you just want to use GRUB, or simply try it out quickly, try the
 <A HREF="#raw">Install using "rawrite" or "dd" to floppy disk</A> in the
 following section to create a "raw" GRUB floppy.<P>

 <HR>

 <H2><A NAME="raw">Install using "rawrite" or "dd" to floppy disk</A></H2>

 This installation method can generally only access the command-line
 part of the interface (since there is no filesystem in which to
 find a config-file).  It is also by far the simplest installation
 method to get going.<P>

 <B>NOTE:</B>  This will destroy any data currently on the floppy.<P>

 Execute your OS's equivalent of (this should work for recent FreeBSD
 versions and Linux just fine):<P>

 <pre>
 	dd if=stage1/stage1 of=/dev/fd0 bs=512 count=1
 	dd if=stage2/stage2 of=/dev/fd0 bs=512 seek=1
 </pre>

 Under <B>DOS/Windows/NT</B>, courtesy of Eric
 Hanchrow (erich@microsoft.com):

 <UL>
 <LI>Use the <B>copy /b</B> command to binary concatenate the stage1
 and stage2 files together via:
 <pre>
 	copy /b stage1 + stage2 grub.raw
 </pre>
 <LI>Use rawrite.exe (which is available in many places on the net and in
 some Linux distributions) to write grub.raw to a floppy.
 </UL>

 <HR>

 <H2><A NAME="automated">Automated Install using GRUB</A></H2>

 <B>IMPORTANT NOTE:</B>  If the stage1 is installed on a specific
 partition, this can erase the normal boot-sector used by an OS.
 GRUB can boot Linux, FreeBSD, NetBSD, Mach, and the GNU HURD directly,
 so this may be desired.  Generally, it is a good idea to back up the
 first sector of a partition if installing GRUB's stage1 there.
 For the first sector of a hard disk, this is OK, since it's easy
 to reinitialize it via "FDISK /MBR" in DOS, or other methods in other
 OSes.<P>

 GRUB has a command called "install=" which is described in
 the <A HREF=commands.txt>list of commands</A>.  The purpose
 of this section is to give examples and describe how to use the command
 in different situations.<P>

 <B>NOTE:</B>  Given that "install=" can be used in config-file entries,
 this could very easily be used as part of a completely automated set of
 install scripts for an OS.<P>

 First, you make a "raw" GRUB floppy created via <A HREF="#raw">Install
 using "rawrite" or "dd" to floppy disk</A> above.  Actually, any booting
 copy of GRUB of the right version number will work fine, this is simply
 a way to get the process started easily.<P>

 On the partition that is the desired area for GRUB to be installed in
 (call it the "install partition"), make a "/boot/grub" directory and
 place the stage2 and menu.lst (config file) there.  (If desired, place
 a stage1.5 there as well)<P>

 Now use the "install=" command appropriately, and you're done!<P>

 Examples of how to use the "install=" command:<P>

 <UL>
 <LI><B>Making a Hard Disk bootable with GRUB's stage2 on PC partition
 number 2:</B>  Make a directory in the partition called "/boot/grub",
 place the stage2 (and if desired, your config file called "menu.lst"),
 then run the following command after getting GRUB's command-line from
 booting the floppy:
 <pre>
 	install= (fd0)+1 (hd0) (hd0,2)/boot/grub/stage2 0x8000 p
 </pre>
 This tells GRUB to grab the first sector of the floppy and use it as
 the stage1, create a blocklist using the file "/boot/grub/stage2" on
 the first hard disk, partition number 2, merge them together, set the
 load address to 0x8000 (correct for a stage2), write the "install
 partition" number into the first sector of the stage2 (the "p" at the
 end), then write the result to the first sector of the hard disk.<P>
 <LI><B>Same as above, but placing the stage1 on the floppy, then having
 it start the stage2 on the hard disk:</B>  The difference here is you're
 telling GRUB's stage1 to read from the first hard disk no matter where
 stage1 is being run from:
 <pre>
 	install= (fd0)+1 d (fd0) (hd0,2)/boot/grub/stage2 0x8000 p
 </pre>
 The "d" option near the beginning is what sets the "forced" loading
 from the disk where the stage2 was installed from.  The rest of the
 options are the same except for the "destination device" to place the
 finished stage1 on is changed to the floppy disk.<P>
 <LI><B>Installing from an "install directory" to the second hard disk:</B>
 Here we're loading the stage1 from a file on the first hard disk,
 installing stage2 from the first BSD "a" partition on the second hard disk,
 and setting the "config file" of the stage2 to a different value than
 usual:
 <pre>
 	install= (hd0,2)/boot/grub/stage1 (hd1) (hd1,a)/boot/grub/stage2 0x8000 p /grubdir/configfile
 </pre>
 </UL>


 An easily imaginable way of using this as part of an automated
 installation process would be to note that the commands listed above
 can be part of any sequence of commands in an entry in a GRUB config
 file, so this could be automated even more by using a GRUB floppy with
 a filesystem and config file, with an entry such as:<P>

 <pre>
 	# Start of entries
 	title=	   Linux HD install

 	# install command
 	install=   (fd0)+1 (hd0) (hd0,1)/boot/grub/stage2 0x8000 p

 	# actually boot here
 	root=      (hd0,1)
 	kernel=    /zImage root=/dev/hda2
 </pre>

 ...then have the install script continue from there after boot of the OS.<P>

 <HR>

 <A HREF=mailto:erich@uruk.org><I>erich@uruk.org</I></A><P>

 </BODY>
 </HTML>
	<HTML>

	<HEAD>
	<TITLE>GRUB Installation Guide</TITLE>
	</HEAD>

	<BODY>

	<CENTER><H1>GRUB Installation Guide</H1></CENTER>
	<CENTER><H3>by
	<A HREF=http://www.uruk.org/~erich/>Erich Boleyn</A></H3></CENTER>

	<HR>

	<H2>Contents</H2>

	<UL>
	<LI><A HREF="#raw">Install using "rawrite" or "dd" to floppy disk</A>
	<LI><A HREF="#automated">Automated Install using GRUB</A>
	</UL>

	<H3>Getting Started Quickly</H3>

	If you just want to use GRUB, or simply try it out quickly, try the
	<A HREF="#raw">Install using "rawrite" or "dd" to floppy disk</A> in the
	following section to create a "raw" GRUB floppy.<P>

	<HR>

	<H2><A NAME="raw">Install using "rawrite" or "dd" to floppy disk</A></H2>

	This installation method can generally only access the command-line
	part of the interface (since there is no filesystem in which to
	find a config-file). It is also by far the simplest installation
	method to get going.<P>

	<B>NOTE:</B> This will destroy any data currently on the floppy.<P>

	Execute your OS's equivalent of (this should work for recent FreeBSD
	versions and Linux just fine):<P>

	<pre>
	dd if=stage1/stage1 of=/dev/fd0 bs=512 count=1
	dd if=stage2/stage2 of=/dev/fd0 bs=512 seek=1
	</pre>

	Under <B>DOS/Windows/NT</B>, courtesy of Eric
	Hanchrow (erich@microsoft.com):

	<UL>
	<LI>Use the <B>copy /b</B> command to binary concatenate the stage1
	and stage2 files together via:
	<pre>
	copy /b stage1 + stage2 grub.raw
	</pre>
	<LI>Use rawrite.exe (which is available in many places on the net and in
	some Linux distributions) to write grub.raw to a floppy.
	</UL>

	<HR>

	<H2><A NAME="automated">Automated Install using GRUB</A></H2>

	<B>IMPORTANT NOTE:</B> If the stage1 is installed on a specific
	partition, this can erase the normal boot-sector used by an OS.
	GRUB can boot Linux, FreeBSD, NetBSD, Mach, and the GNU HURD directly,
	so this may be desired. Generally, it is a good idea to back up the
	first sector of a partition if installing GRUB's stage1 there.
	For the first sector of a hard disk, this is OK, since it's easy
	to reinitialize it via "FDISK /MBR" in DOS, or other methods in other
	OSes.<P>

	GRUB has a command called "install=" which is described in
	the <A HREF=commands.txt>list of commands</A>. The purpose
	of this section is to give examples and describe how to use the command
	in different situations.<P>

	<B>NOTE:</B> Given that "install=" can be used in config-file entries,
	this could very easily be used as part of a completely automated set of
	install scripts for an OS.<P>

	First, you make a "raw" GRUB floppy created via <A HREF="#raw">Install
	using "rawrite" or "dd" to floppy disk</A> above. Actually, any booting
	copy of GRUB of the right version number will work fine, this is simply
	a way to get the process started easily.<P>

	On the partition that is the desired area for GRUB to be installed in
	(call it the "install partition"), make a "/boot/grub" directory and
	place the stage2 and menu.lst (config file) there. (If desired, place
	a stage1.5 there as well)<P>

	Now use the "install=" command appropriately, and you're done!<P>

	Examples of how to use the "install=" command:<P>

	<UL>
	<LI><B>Making a Hard Disk bootable with GRUB's stage2 on PC partition
	number 2:</B> Make a directory in the partition called "/boot/grub",
	place the stage2 (and if desired, your config file called "menu.lst"),
	then run the following command after getting GRUB's command-line from
	booting the floppy:
	<pre>
	install= (fd0)+1 (hd0) (hd0,2)/boot/grub/stage2 0x8000 p
	</pre>
	This tells GRUB to grab the first sector of the floppy and use it as
	the stage1, create a blocklist using the file "/boot/grub/stage2" on
	the first hard disk, partition number 2, merge them together, set the
	load address to 0x8000 (correct for a stage2), write the "install
	partition" number into the first sector of the stage2 (the "p" at the
	end), then write the result to the first sector of the hard disk.<P>
	<LI><B>Same as above, but placing the stage1 on the floppy, then having
	it start the stage2 on the hard disk:</B> The difference here is you're
	telling GRUB's stage1 to read from the first hard disk no matter where
	stage1 is being run from:
	<pre>
	install= (fd0)+1 d (fd0) (hd0,2)/boot/grub/stage2 0x8000 p
	</pre>
	The "d" option near the beginning is what sets the "forced" loading
	from the disk where the stage2 was installed from. The rest of the
	options are the same except for the "destination device" to place the
	finished stage1 on is changed to the floppy disk.<P>
	<LI><B>Installing from an "install directory" to the second hard disk:</B>
	Here we're loading the stage1 from a file on the first hard disk,
	installing stage2 from the first BSD "a" partition on the second hard disk,
	and setting the "config file" of the stage2 to a different value than
	usual:
	<pre>
	install= (hd0,2)/boot/grub/stage1 (hd1) (hd1,a)/boot/grub/stage2 0x8000 p /grubdir/configfile
	</pre>
	</UL>


	An easily imaginable way of using this as part of an automated
	installation process would be to note that the commands listed above
	can be part of any sequence of commands in an entry in a GRUB config
	file, so this could be automated even more by using a GRUB floppy with
	a filesystem and config file, with an entry such as:<P>

	<pre>
	# Start of entries
	title= Linux HD install

	# install command
	install= (fd0)+1 (hd0) (hd0,1)/boot/grub/stage2 0x8000 p

	# actually boot here
	root= (hd0,1)
	kernel= /zImage root=/dev/hda2
	</pre>

	...then have the install script continue from there after boot of the OS.<P>

	<HR>

	<A HREF=mailto:erich@uruk.org><I>erich@uruk.org</I></A><P>

	</BODY>
	</HTML>