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/* bios.c - implement C part of low-level BIOS disk input and output */
/*
* GRUB -- GRand Unified Bootloader
* Copyright (C) 1999,2000,2003,2004 Free Software Foundation, Inc.
*
* This program is free software; you can redistribute it and/or modify
* it under the terms of the GNU General Public License as published by
* the Free Software Foundation; either version 2 of the License, or
* (at your option) any later version.
*
* This program is distributed in the hope that it will be useful,
* but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
* MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE. See the
* GNU General Public License for more details.
*
* You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License
* along with this program; if not, write to the Free Software
* Foundation, Inc., 675 Mass Ave, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA.
*/
#include "shared.h"
#include "iso9660.h"
/* These are defined in asm.S, and never be used elsewhere, so declare the
prototypes here. */
extern int biosdisk_standard (int ah, int drive,
int coff, int hoff, int soff,
int nsec, int segment);
extern int get_diskinfo_standard (int drive,
unsigned long *cylinders,
unsigned long *heads,
unsigned long *sectors);
extern struct drive_map_slot hooked_drive_map[DRIVE_MAP_SIZE + 1];
extern int drive_map_slot_empty (struct drive_map_slot item);
/* Read/write NSEC sectors starting from SECTOR in DRIVE disk with GEOMETRY
from/into SEGMENT segment. If READ is BIOSDISK_READ, then read it,
else if READ is BIOSDISK_WRITE, then write it. If an geometry error
occurs, return BIOSDISK_ERROR_GEOMETRY, and if other error occurs, then
return the error number. Otherwise, return 0. */
int
biosdisk (int read, int drive, struct geometry *geometry,
int sector, int nsec, int segment)
{
int err;
/* first, use EBIOS if possible */
if ((geometry->flags & BIOSDISK_FLAG_LBA_EXTENSION) && (! (geometry->flags & BIOSDISK_FLAG_BIFURCATE) || (drive & 0xFFFFFF00) == 0x100))
{
struct disk_address_packet
{
unsigned char length;
unsigned char reserved;
unsigned short blocks;
unsigned long buffer;
unsigned long long block;
/* This structure is passed in the stack. A buggy BIOS could write
* garbage data to the tail of the struct and hang the machine. So
* we need this protection. - Tinybit
*/
unsigned char dummy[16];
} __attribute__ ((packed)) *dap;
/* Even the above protection is not enough to avoid stupid actions by
* buggy BIOSes. So we do it in the 0040:0000 segment. - Tinybit
*/
dap = (struct disk_address_packet *)0x580;
if (drive == 0xffff || (drive == ram_drive && rd_base != 0xffffffff))
{
char *disk_sector;
char *buf_address;
if (nsec <=0 || nsec >= 0x80)
return 1; /* failure */
if (sector + nsec > geometry->total_sectors)
return 1; /* failure */
disk_sector = (char *)((sector<<9) + ((drive==0xffff) ? 0 : rd_base));
buf_address = (char *)(segment<<4);
if (read) /* read == 1 really means write to DISK */
grub_memmove (disk_sector, buf_address, nsec << 9);
else /* read == 0 really means read from DISK */
grub_memmove (buf_address, disk_sector, nsec << 9);
return 0; /* success */
}
dap->length = 0x10;
dap->block = sector;
dap->blocks = nsec;
dap->reserved = 0;
dap->buffer = segment << 16;
err = biosdisk_int13_extensions ((read + 0x42) << 8, (unsigned char)drive, dap);
if (!err)
return 0; /* success */
/* bootable CD-ROM specification has no standard CHS-mode call */
if (geometry->flags & BIOSDISK_FLAG_CDROM)
{
#ifndef STAGE1_5
if (debug > 1)
grub_printf ("biosdisk_int13_extensions read=%d, drive=0x%x, dap=%x, err=0x%x\n", read, drive, dap, err);
#endif
return err;
}
if (geometry->flags & BIOSDISK_FLAG_BIFURCATE)
return err;
} /* if (geometry->flags & BIOSDISK_FLAG_LBA_EXTENSION) */
/* try the standard CHS mode */
{
int cylinder_offset, head_offset, sector_offset;
int head;
/* SECTOR_OFFSET is counted from one, while HEAD_OFFSET and
CYLINDER_OFFSET are counted from zero. */
sector_offset = sector % geometry->sectors + 1;
head = sector / geometry->sectors;
head_offset = head % geometry->heads;
cylinder_offset = head / geometry->heads;
err = biosdisk_standard (read + 0x02, drive,
cylinder_offset, head_offset, sector_offset,
nsec, segment);
}
return err;
}
/* Check bootable CD-ROM emulation status. Return 0 on failure. */
int
get_cdinfo (int drive, struct geometry *geometry)
{
int err;
struct iso_spec_packet
{
unsigned char size;
unsigned char media_type;
unsigned char drive_no;
unsigned char controller_no;
unsigned long image_lba;
unsigned short device_spec;
unsigned short cache_seg;
unsigned short load_seg;
unsigned short length_sec512;
unsigned char cylinders;
unsigned char sectors;
unsigned char heads;
unsigned char dummy[16];
} __attribute__ ((packed));
struct iso_spec_packet *cdrp;
cdrp = (struct iso_spec_packet *)0x580;
grub_memset (cdrp, 0, sizeof (struct iso_spec_packet));
cdrp->size = sizeof (struct iso_spec_packet) - 16;
#ifndef STAGE1_5
if (debug > 1)
grub_printf (" int13/4B01(%X),", drive);
#endif
err = biosdisk_int13_extensions (0x4B01, drive, cdrp);
#ifndef STAGE1_5
if (debug > 1)
grub_printf ("err=%X,drive=%X, ", err, drive);
#endif
if (drive == 0x7F && drive < (unsigned long)(cdrp->drive_no))
drive = cdrp->drive_no;
if (! err && cdrp->drive_no == drive && !(cdrp->media_type & 0x0F))
{
/* No-emulation mode bootable CD-ROM */
geometry->flags = BIOSDISK_FLAG_LBA_EXTENSION | BIOSDISK_FLAG_CDROM;
geometry->cylinders = 65536;
geometry->heads = 255;
geometry->sectors = 15;
geometry->sector_size = 2048;
geometry->total_sectors = 65536 * 255 * 15;
return drive;
}
return 0; /* failure */
}
static unsigned long flags;
static unsigned long cylinders;
static unsigned long heads;
static unsigned long sectors;
#ifndef GRUB_UTIL
unsigned long force_geometry_tune = 0;
#endif
/* Return the geometry of DRIVE in GEOMETRY. If an error occurs, return
non-zero, otherwise zero. */
int
get_diskinfo (int drive, struct geometry *geometry)
{
int err;
int version;
unsigned long long total_sectors = 0, tmp = 0;
if (drive == 0xffff) /* memory disk */
{
unsigned long long total_mem_bytes;
total_mem_bytes = 0;
if (mbi.flags & MB_INFO_MEM_MAP)
{
struct AddrRangeDesc *map = (struct AddrRangeDesc *) saved_mmap_addr;
unsigned long end_addr = saved_mmap_addr + saved_mmap_length;
for (; end_addr > (unsigned long) map; map = (struct AddrRangeDesc *) (((int) map) + 4 + map->size))
{
unsigned long long top_end;
if (map->Type != MB_ARD_MEMORY)
continue;
top_end = map->BaseAddr + map->Length;
if (top_end > 0x100000000ULL)
top_end = 0x100000000ULL;
if (total_mem_bytes < top_end)
total_mem_bytes = top_end;
}
}
else
grub_printf ("Address Map BIOS Interface is not activated.\n");
if (total_mem_bytes)
{
geometry->flags = BIOSDISK_FLAG_LBA_EXTENSION;
geometry->sector_size = SECTOR_SIZE;
geometry->total_sectors = (total_mem_bytes /*+ SECTOR_SIZE - 1*/) >> SECTOR_BITS;
geometry->heads = 255;
geometry->sectors = 63;
geometry->cylinders = (geometry->total_sectors + 255 * 63 -1) / (255 * 63);
return 0;
}
} else if (drive == ram_drive) /* ram disk device */
{
if (rd_base != 0xffffffff)
{
geometry->flags = BIOSDISK_FLAG_LBA_EXTENSION;
geometry->sector_size = SECTOR_SIZE;
geometry->total_sectors = (rd_size ? ((rd_size + SECTOR_SIZE - 1)>> SECTOR_BITS) : 0x800000);
geometry->heads = 255;
geometry->sectors = 63;
geometry->cylinders = (geometry->total_sectors + 255 * 63 -1) / (255 * 63);
return 0;
}
}
#if defined(GRUB_UTIL) || defined(STAGE1_5)
if (drive == cdrom_drive)
#else
if (drive == cdrom_drive || (drive >= (unsigned char)min_cdrom_id && drive < (unsigned char)(min_cdrom_id + atapi_dev_count)))
#endif
{
/* No-emulation mode bootable CD-ROM */
geometry->flags = BIOSDISK_FLAG_LBA_EXTENSION | BIOSDISK_FLAG_CDROM;
geometry->cylinders = 65536;
geometry->heads = 255;
geometry->sectors = 15;
geometry->sector_size = 2048;
geometry->total_sectors = 65536 * 255 * 15;
return 0;
}
/* Clear the flags. */
flags = 0;
#ifdef GRUB_UTIL
#define FIND_DRIVES 8
#else
#define FIND_DRIVES (*((char *)0x475))
#endif
if (((unsigned char)drive) >= 0x80 + FIND_DRIVES /* || (version && (drive & 0x80)) */ )
{
/* Possible CD-ROM - check the status. */
if (get_cdinfo ((unsigned char)drive, geometry))
return 0;
}
#if (! defined(GRUB_UTIL)) && (! defined(STAGE1_5))
if (! force_geometry_tune)
{
unsigned long j;
unsigned long d;
/* check if the drive is virtual. */
d = (unsigned char)drive;
j = DRIVE_MAP_SIZE; /* real drive */
if (! unset_int13_handler (1))
for (j = 0; j < DRIVE_MAP_SIZE; j++)
{
if (drive_map_slot_empty (hooked_drive_map[j]))
{
j = DRIVE_MAP_SIZE; /* real drive */
break;
}
if (((unsigned char)drive) != hooked_drive_map[j].from_drive)
continue;
/* this is a mapped drive */
if ((hooked_drive_map[j].max_sector & 0x3E) == 0 && hooked_drive_map[j].start_sector == 0 && hooked_drive_map[j].sector_count <= 1)
{
/* this is a map for the whole drive. */
d = hooked_drive_map[j].to_drive;
j = DRIVE_MAP_SIZE; /* real drive */
break;
}
//break;
/* this is a drive emulation, get the geometry from the drive map table */
if (hooked_drive_map[j].to_cylinder & 0x2000)
{
geometry->flags = BIOSDISK_FLAG_CDROM | BIOSDISK_FLAG_LBA_EXTENSION;
geometry->heads = 255;
geometry->sectors = 15;
geometry->sector_size = 2048;
geometry->total_sectors = hooked_drive_map[j].sector_count >> 2;
geometry->cylinders = geometry->total_sectors / (255 * 15);
return 0;
}
geometry->flags = BIOSDISK_FLAG_LBA_EXTENSION;
geometry->heads = hooked_drive_map[j].max_head + 1;
geometry->sectors = hooked_drive_map[j].max_sector & 0x3F;
geometry->sector_size = 512;
geometry->total_sectors = hooked_drive_map[j].sector_count;
geometry->cylinders = (geometry->heads * geometry->sectors);
geometry->cylinders = (geometry->total_sectors + geometry->cylinders - 1) / geometry->cylinders;
return 0;
}
if (j == DRIVE_MAP_SIZE) /* real drive */
{
if (d >= 0x80 && d < 0x88)
{
d -= 0x80;
if (hd_geom[d].sector_size == 512 && hd_geom[d].sectors > 0 && hd_geom[d].sectors <= 63 && hd_geom[d].heads <= 256)
{
geometry->flags = hd_geom[d].flags;
if ((geometry->flags & BIOSDISK_FLAG_BIFURCATE) && (drive & 0xFFFFFF00) == 0x100)
{
if (geometry->flags & BIOSDISK_FLAG_CDROM)
{
geometry->cylinders = 65536;
geometry->heads = 255;
geometry->sectors = 15;
geometry->sector_size = 2048;
geometry->total_sectors = 65536 * 255 * 15;
return 0;
}
}
geometry->sector_size = hd_geom[d].sector_size;
geometry->total_sectors = hd_geom[d].total_sectors;
geometry->heads = hd_geom[d].heads;
geometry->sectors = hd_geom[d].sectors;
geometry->cylinders = hd_geom[d].cylinders;
return 0;
}
} else if (d < 4) {
if (fd_geom[d].sector_size == 512 && fd_geom[d].sectors > 0 && fd_geom[d].sectors <= 63 && fd_geom[d].heads <= 256)
{
geometry->flags = fd_geom[d].flags;
if ((geometry->flags & BIOSDISK_FLAG_BIFURCATE) && (drive & 0xFFFFFF00) == 0x100)
{
if (geometry->flags & BIOSDISK_FLAG_CDROM)
{
geometry->cylinders = 65536;
geometry->heads = 255;
geometry->sectors = 15;
geometry->sector_size = 2048;
geometry->total_sectors = 65536 * 255 * 15;
return 0;
}
}
geometry->sector_size = fd_geom[d].sector_size;
geometry->total_sectors = fd_geom[d].total_sectors;
geometry->heads = fd_geom[d].heads;
geometry->sectors = fd_geom[d].sectors;
geometry->cylinders = fd_geom[d].cylinders;
return 0;
}
}
}
}
#endif
#ifndef STAGE1_5
if (debug > 1)
grub_printf (" int13/41(%X),", drive);
#endif
version = check_int13_extensions ((unsigned char)drive);
#ifndef STAGE1_5
if (debug > 1)
grub_printf ("version=%X, ", version);
#endif
/* Set the LBA flag. */
if (version & 1) /* support functions 42h-44h, 47h-48h */
{
flags = BIOSDISK_FLAG_LBA_EXTENSION;
}
total_sectors = 0;
#ifndef STAGE1_5
if (debug > 1)
grub_printf (" int13/08(%X),", drive);
#endif
version = get_diskinfo_standard ((unsigned char)drive, &cylinders, &heads, &sectors);
#ifndef STAGE1_5
if (debug > 1)
grub_printf ("version=%X, C/H/S=%d/%d/%d, ", version, cylinders, heads, sectors);
#endif
#ifndef STAGE1_5
if (debug > 1)
grub_printf (" int13/02(%X),", drive);
#endif
/* read the boot sector: int 13, AX=0x201, CX=1, DH=0 */
err = biosdisk_standard (0x02, (unsigned char)drive, 0, 0, 1, 1, 0x5F00/*SCRATCHSEG*/);
#ifndef STAGE1_5
if (debug > 1)
grub_printf ("err=%X, ", err);
#endif
//version = 0;
/* try again using LBA */
if (flags & BIOSDISK_FLAG_LBA_EXTENSION || ((unsigned char)drive) >= 0x80 + FIND_DRIVES)
{
struct disk_address_packet
{
unsigned char length;
unsigned char reserved;
unsigned short blocks;
unsigned long buffer;
unsigned long long block;
unsigned char dummy[16];
} __attribute__ ((packed)) *dap;
dap = (struct disk_address_packet *)0x580;
dap->length = 0x10;
dap->reserved = 0;
dap->blocks = 1;
dap->buffer = 0x5F80/*SCRATCHSEG*/ << 16;
dap->block = 0;
/* set a known value */
grub_memset ((char *)0x5F800, 0xEC, 0x800);
version = biosdisk_int13_extensions (0x4200, (unsigned char)drive, dap);
/* see if it is a big sector */
{
char *p;
for (p = (char *)0x5FA00; p < (char *)0x60000; p++)
{
if ((*p) != (char)0xEC)
{
flags |= BIOSDISK_FLAG_CDROM | BIOSDISK_FLAG_LBA_EXTENSION;
if (! err)
flags |= BIOSDISK_FLAG_BIFURCATE;
break;
}
}
}
if ((! version) && (! err))
{
if (grub_memcmp ((char *)0x5F000, (char *)0x5F800, 0x200))
{
flags |= BIOSDISK_FLAG_BIFURCATE;
}
}
if (err && ! (flags & BIOSDISK_FLAG_BIFURCATE) && !(flags & BIOSDISK_FLAG_CDROM))
{
grub_memmove ((char *)0x5F000, (char *)0x5F800, 0x200);
}
} /* if (geometry->flags & BIOSDISK_FLAG_LBA_EXTENSION) */
if (err && version)
return err; /* When we return with ERROR, we should not change the geometry!! */
geometry->flags = flags;
if (err && (flags & BIOSDISK_FLAG_CDROM))
{
geometry->cylinders = 65536;
geometry->heads = 255;
geometry->sectors = 15;
geometry->sector_size = 2048;
geometry->total_sectors = 65536 * 255 * 15;
return 0;
}
geometry->cylinders = cylinders;
geometry->heads = heads;
geometry->sectors = sectors;
geometry->sector_size = SECTOR_SIZE;
if (geometry->heads > 256)
geometry->heads = 256;
if (geometry->sectors * geometry->sector_size > 63 * 512)
geometry->sectors = 63 * 512 / geometry->sector_size;
tmp = (unsigned long long)(geometry->cylinders) *
(unsigned long long)(geometry->heads) *
(unsigned long long)(geometry->sectors);
if (total_sectors < tmp)
total_sectors = tmp;
geometry->total_sectors = total_sectors;
/* successfully read boot sector */
#ifndef STAGE1_5
if (drive & 0x80)
{
/* hard disk */
if ((err = probe_mbr((struct master_and_dos_boot_sector *)0x5F000/*SCRATCHADDR*/, 0, total_sectors, 0)))
{
if (debug > 1)
grub_printf ("\nWarning: Unrecognized partition table for drive %X. Please rebuild it using\na Microsoft-compatible FDISK tool(err=%d). Current C/H/S=%d/%d/%d\n", drive, err, geometry->cylinders, geometry->heads, geometry->sectors);
goto failure_probe_boot_sector;
}
err = (int)"MBR";
}else{
/* floppy */
if (probe_bpb((struct master_and_dos_boot_sector *)0x5F000/*SCRATCHADDR*/))
{
goto failure_probe_boot_sector;
}
err = (int)"BPB";
}
if (drive & 0x80)
if (probed_cylinders != geometry->cylinders)
if (debug > 1)
grub_printf ("\nWarning: %s cylinders(%d) is not equal to the BIOS one(%d).\n", (char *)err, probed_cylinders, geometry->cylinders);
geometry->cylinders = probed_cylinders;
if (probed_heads != geometry->heads)
if (debug > 1)
grub_printf ("\nWarning: %s heads(%d) is not equal to the BIOS one(%d).\n", (char *)err, probed_heads, geometry->heads);
geometry->heads = probed_heads;
if (probed_sectors_per_track != geometry->sectors)
if (debug > 1)
grub_printf ("\nWarning: %s sectors per track(%d) is not equal to the BIOS one(%d).\n", (char *)err, probed_sectors_per_track, geometry->sectors);
geometry->sectors = probed_sectors_per_track;
if (probed_total_sectors > total_sectors)
{
if (drive & 0x80)
if (debug > 1)
grub_printf ("\nWarning: %s total sectors(%d) is greater than the BIOS one(%d).\nSome buggy BIOSes could hang when you access sectors exceeding the BIOS limit.\n", (char *)err, probed_total_sectors, total_sectors);
geometry->total_sectors = probed_total_sectors;
}
if (drive & 0x80)
if (probed_total_sectors < total_sectors)
if (debug > 1)
grub_printf ("\nWarning: %s total sectors(%d) is less than the BIOS one(%d).\n", (char *)err, probed_total_sectors, total_sectors);
failure_probe_boot_sector:
#ifndef GRUB_UTIL
#if 1
if (force_geometry_tune || (!(geometry->flags & BIOSDISK_FLAG_LBA_EXTENSION) && ! ((*(char *)0x8205) & 0x08)))
{
err = geometry->heads;
version = geometry->sectors;
/* DH non-zero for geometry_tune */
get_diskinfo_standard (drive | 0x0100, &geometry->cylinders, &geometry->heads, &geometry->sectors);
if (debug > 0)
{
if (err != geometry->heads)
grub_printf ("\nNotice: number of heads for drive %X tuned from %d to %d.\n", drive, err, geometry->heads);
if (version != geometry->sectors)
grub_printf ("\nNotice: sectors-per-track for drive %X tuned from %d to %d.\n", drive, version, geometry->sectors);
}
}
#endif
#endif
/* if C/H/S=0/0/0, use a safe default one. */
if (geometry->sectors == 0)
{
if (drive & 0x80)
{
/* hard disk */
geometry->sectors = 63;
}else{
/* floppy */
if (geometry->total_sectors > 5760)
geometry->sectors = 63;
else if (geometry->total_sectors > 2880)
geometry->sectors = 36;
else
geometry->sectors = 18;
}
}
if (geometry->heads == 0)
{
if (drive & 0x80)
{
/* hard disk */
geometry->heads = 255;
}else{
/* floppy */
if (geometry->total_sectors > 5760)
geometry->heads = 255;
else
geometry->heads = 2;
}
}
if (geometry->cylinders == 0)
{
geometry->cylinders = (geometry->total_sectors / geometry->heads / geometry->sectors);
}
if (geometry->cylinders == 0)
geometry->cylinders = 1;
total_sectors = geometry->cylinders * geometry->heads * geometry->sectors;
if (geometry->total_sectors < total_sectors)
geometry->total_sectors = total_sectors;
#endif /* ! STAGE1_5 */
/* backup the geometry into array hd_geom or fd_geom. */
#if (! defined(GRUB_UTIL)) && (! defined(STAGE1_5))
{
unsigned long j;
unsigned long d;
/* check if the drive is virtual. */
d = (unsigned char)drive;
j = DRIVE_MAP_SIZE; /* real drive */
if (! unset_int13_handler (1))
for (j = 0; j < DRIVE_MAP_SIZE; j++)
{
if (drive_map_slot_empty (hooked_drive_map[j]))
{
j = DRIVE_MAP_SIZE; /* real drive */
break;
}
if (((unsigned char)drive) != hooked_drive_map[j].from_drive)
continue;
if ((hooked_drive_map[j].max_sector & 0x3E) == 0 && hooked_drive_map[j].start_sector == 0 && hooked_drive_map[j].sector_count <= 1)
{
/* this is a map for the whole drive. */
d = hooked_drive_map[j].to_drive;
j = DRIVE_MAP_SIZE; /* real drive */
}
break;
}
if (j == DRIVE_MAP_SIZE) /* real drive */
{
if (d >= 0x80 && d < 0x88)
{
d -= 0x80;
if (hd_geom[d].sector_size != 512 || hd_geom[d].sectors <= 0 || hd_geom[d].sectors > 63 || hd_geom[d].heads > 256)
{
hd_geom[d].flags = geometry->flags;
hd_geom[d].sector_size = geometry->sector_size;
hd_geom[d].total_sectors = geometry->total_sectors;
hd_geom[d].heads = geometry->heads;
hd_geom[d].sectors = geometry->sectors;
hd_geom[d].cylinders = geometry->cylinders;
}
} else if (d < 4) {
if (fd_geom[d].sector_size != 512 || fd_geom[d].sectors <= 0 || fd_geom[d].sectors > 63 || fd_geom[d].heads > 256)
{
fd_geom[d].flags = geometry->flags;
fd_geom[d].sector_size = geometry->sector_size;
fd_geom[d].total_sectors = geometry->total_sectors;
fd_geom[d].heads = geometry->heads;
fd_geom[d].sectors = geometry->sectors;
fd_geom[d].cylinders = geometry->cylinders;
}
}
}
}
if ((geometry->flags & BIOSDISK_FLAG_BIFURCATE) && (drive & 0xFFFFFF00) == 0x100)
{
if (geometry->flags & BIOSDISK_FLAG_CDROM)
{
geometry->cylinders = 65536;
geometry->heads = 255;
geometry->sectors = 15;
geometry->sector_size = 2048;
geometry->total_sectors = 65536 * 255 * 15;
}
}
#endif
return 0;
}
#undef FIND_DRIVES