machine.c - emulators/tinyemu - Rivoreo Source Code Repositories

 /*
  * VM utilities
  *
  * Copyright (c) 2017 Fabrice Bellard
  *
  * Permission is hereby granted, free of charge, to any person obtaining a copy
  * of this software and associated documentation files (the "Software"), to deal
  * in the Software without restriction, including without limitation the rights
  * to use, copy, modify, merge, publish, distribute, sublicense, and/or sell
  * copies of the Software, and to permit persons to whom the Software is
  * furnished to do so, subject to the following conditions:
  *
  * The above copyright notice and this permission notice shall be included in
  * all copies or substantial portions of the Software.
  *
  * THE SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED "AS IS", WITHOUT WARRANTY OF ANY KIND, EXPRESS OR
  * IMPLIED, INCLUDING BUT NOT LIMITED TO THE WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY,
  * FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE AND NONINFRINGEMENT. IN NO EVENT SHALL
  * THE AUTHORS OR COPYRIGHT HOLDERS BE LIABLE FOR ANY CLAIM, DAMAGES OR OTHER
  * LIABILITY, WHETHER IN AN ACTION OF CONTRACT, TORT OR OTHERWISE, ARISING FROM,
  * OUT OF OR IN CONNECTION WITH THE SOFTWARE OR THE USE OR OTHER DEALINGS IN
  * THE SOFTWARE.
  */

 #ifndef _WIN32
 #include <sys/param.h>
 #endif
 #include <stdlib.h>
 #include <stdio.h>
 #include <stdarg.h>
 #include <string.h>
 #include <inttypes.h>
 #include <assert.h>
 #include <fcntl.h>
 #include <errno.h>
 #include <unistd.h>
 #include <time.h>

 #include "cutils.h"
 #include "iomem.h"
 #include "virtio.h"
 #include "machine.h"
 #include "fs_utils.h"
 #ifdef CONFIG_FS_NET
 #include "fs_wget.h"
 #endif
 #if defined __GLIBC__ || defined BSD || (defined __APPLE__ && defined __MACH__)
 #define HAVE_TM_TM_GMTOFF
 #endif

 void __attribute__((format(printf, 1, 2))) vm_error(const char *fmt, ...)
 {
     va_list ap;
     va_start(ap, fmt);
 #ifdef EMSCRIPTEN
     vprintf(fmt, ap);
 #else
     vfprintf(stderr, fmt, ap);
 #endif
     va_end(ap);
 }

 int vm_get_int(JSONValue obj, const char *name, int *pval)
 {
     JSONValue val;
     val = json_object_get(obj, name);
     if (json_is_undefined(val)) {
         vm_error("expecting '%s' property\n", name);
         return -1;
     }
     if (val.type != JSON_INT) {
         vm_error("%s: integer expected\n", name);
         return -1;
     }
     *pval = val.u.int32;
     return 0;
 }

 int vm_get_int_opt(JSONValue obj, const char *name, int *pval, int def_val)
 {
     JSONValue val;
     val = json_object_get(obj, name);
     if (json_is_undefined(val)) {
         *pval = def_val;
         return 0;
     }
     if (val.type != JSON_INT) {
         vm_error("%s: integer expected\n", name);
         return -1;
     }
     *pval = val.u.int32;
     return 0;
 }

 static int vm_get_str2(JSONValue obj, const char *name, const char **pstr,
                       BOOL is_opt)
 {
     JSONValue val;
     val = json_object_get(obj, name);
     if (json_is_undefined(val)) {
         if (is_opt) {
             *pstr = NULL;
             return 0;
         } else {
             vm_error("expecting '%s' property\n", name);
             return -1;
         }
     }
     if (val.type != JSON_STR) {
         vm_error("%s: string expected\n", name);
         return -1;
     }
     *pstr = val.u.str->data;
     return 0;
 }

 static int vm_get_str(JSONValue obj, const char *name, const char **pstr)
 {
     return vm_get_str2(obj, name, pstr, FALSE);
 }

 static int vm_get_str_opt(JSONValue obj, const char *name, const char **pstr)
 {
     return vm_get_str2(obj, name, pstr, TRUE);
 }

 static char *strdup_null(const char *str)
 {
     if (!str)
         return NULL;
     else
         return strdup(str);
 }

 /* currently only for "TZ" */
 static char *cmdline_subst(const char *cmdline)
 {
     DynBuf dbuf;
     const char *p;
     char var_name[32], *q, buf[32];

     dbuf_init(&dbuf);
     p = cmdline;
     while (*p != '\0') {
         if (p[0] == '$' && p[1] == '{') {
             p += 2;
             q = var_name;
             while (*p != '\0' && *p != '}') {
                 if ((q - var_name) < sizeof(var_name) - 1)
                     *q++ = *p;
                 p++;
             }
             *q = '\0';
             if (*p == '}')
                 p++;
             if (!strcmp(var_name, "TZ")) {
                 int n, sg;
 #ifdef HAVE_TM_TM_GMTOFF
                 time_t ti;
                 struct tm tm;
                 /* get the offset to UTC */
                 time(&ti);
                 localtime_r(&ti, &tm);
                 n = tm.tm_gmtoff / 60;
 #elif defined __SVR4 && defined __sun
                 n = timezone / 60;
 #else
 #warning "No timezone support"
 		n = 0;
 #endif
                 sg = '-';
                 if (n < 0) {
                     sg = '+';
                     n = -n;
                 }
                 snprintf(buf, sizeof(buf), "UTC%c%02d:%02d",
                          sg, n / 60, n % 60);
                 dbuf_putstr(&dbuf, buf);
             }
         } else {
             dbuf_putc(&dbuf, *p++);
         }
     }
     dbuf_putc(&dbuf, 0);
     return (char *)dbuf.buf;
 }

 static BOOL find_name(const char *name, const char *name_list)
 {
     size_t len;
     const char *p, *r;

     p = name_list;
     for(;;) {
         r = strchr(p, ',');
         if (!r) {
             if (!strcmp(name, p))
                 return TRUE;
             break;
         } else {
             len = r - p;
             if (len == strlen(name) && !memcmp(name, p, len))
                 return TRUE;
             p = r + 1;
         }
     }
     return FALSE;
 }

 static const VirtMachineClass *virt_machine_list[] = {
 #if defined(EMSCRIPTEN)
     /* only a single machine in the EMSCRIPTEN target */
 #ifndef CONFIG_X86EMU
     &riscv_machine_class,
 #endif
 #else
     &riscv_machine_class,
 #endif /* !EMSCRIPTEN */
 #ifdef CONFIG_X86EMU
     &pc_machine_class,
 #endif
     NULL,
 };

 static const VirtMachineClass *virt_machine_find_class(const char *machine_name)
 {
     const VirtMachineClass *vmc, **pvmc;

     for(pvmc = virt_machine_list; *pvmc != NULL; pvmc++) {
         vmc = *pvmc;
         if (find_name(machine_name, vmc->machine_names))
             return vmc;
     }
     return NULL;
 }

 static int virt_machine_parse_config(VirtMachineParams *p,
                                      char *config_file_str, int len)
 {
     int version, val;
     const char *tag_name, *str;
     char buf1[256];
     JSONValue cfg, obj, el;

     cfg = json_parse_value_len(config_file_str, len);
     if (json_is_error(cfg)) {
         vm_error("error: %s\n", json_get_error(cfg));
         json_free(cfg);
         return -1;
     }

     if (vm_get_int(cfg, "version", &version) < 0)
         goto tag_fail;
     if (version != VM_CONFIG_VERSION) {
         if (version > VM_CONFIG_VERSION) {
             vm_error("The emulator is too old to run this VM: please upgrade\n");
             return -1;
         } else {
             vm_error("The VM configuration file is too old for this emulator version: please upgrade the VM configuration file\n");
             return -1;
         }
     }

     if (vm_get_str(cfg, "machine", &str) < 0)
         goto tag_fail;
     p->machine_name = strdup(str);
     p->vmc = virt_machine_find_class(p->machine_name);
     if (!p->vmc) {
         vm_error("Unknown machine name: %s\n", p->machine_name);
         goto tag_fail;
     }
     p->vmc->virt_machine_set_defaults(p);

     tag_name = "memory_size";
     if (vm_get_int(cfg, tag_name, &val) < 0)
         goto tag_fail;
     p->ram_size = (uint64_t)val << 20;

     tag_name = "bios";
     if (vm_get_str_opt(cfg, tag_name, &str) < 0)
         goto tag_fail;
     if (str) {
         p->files[VM_FILE_BIOS].filename = strdup(str);
     }

     tag_name = "kernel";
     if (vm_get_str_opt(cfg, tag_name, &str) < 0)
         goto tag_fail;
     if (str) {
         p->files[VM_FILE_KERNEL].filename = strdup(str);
     }

     tag_name = "initrd";
     if (vm_get_str_opt(cfg, tag_name, &str) < 0)
         goto tag_fail;
     if (str) {
         p->files[VM_FILE_INITRD].filename = strdup(str);
     }

     if (vm_get_str_opt(cfg, "cmdline", &str) < 0)
         goto tag_fail;
     if (str) {
         p->cmdline = cmdline_subst(str);
     }

     for(;;) {
         snprintf(buf1, sizeof(buf1), "drive%d", p->drive_count);
         obj = json_object_get(cfg, buf1);
         if (json_is_undefined(obj))
             break;
         if (p->drive_count >= MAX_DRIVE_DEVICE) {
             vm_error("Too many drives\n");
             return -1;
         }
         if (vm_get_str(obj, "file", &str) < 0)
             goto tag_fail;
         p->tab_drive[p->drive_count].filename = strdup(str);
         if (vm_get_str_opt(obj, "device", &str) < 0)
             goto tag_fail;
         p->tab_drive[p->drive_count].device = strdup_null(str);
         p->drive_count++;
     }

     for(;;) {
         snprintf(buf1, sizeof(buf1), "fs%d", p->fs_count);
         obj = json_object_get(cfg, buf1);
         if (json_is_undefined(obj))
             break;
         if (p->fs_count >= MAX_DRIVE_DEVICE) {
             vm_error("Too many filesystems\n");
             return -1;
         }
         if (vm_get_str(obj, "file", &str) < 0)
             goto tag_fail;
         p->tab_fs[p->fs_count].filename = strdup(str);
         if (vm_get_str_opt(obj, "tag", &str) < 0)
             goto tag_fail;
         if (!str) {
             if (p->fs_count == 0)
                 strcpy(buf1, "/dev/root");
             else
                 snprintf(buf1, sizeof(buf1), "/dev/root%d", p->fs_count);
             str = buf1;
         }
         p->tab_fs[p->fs_count].tag = strdup(str);
         p->fs_count++;
     }

     for(;;) {
         snprintf(buf1, sizeof(buf1), "eth%d", p->eth_count);
         obj = json_object_get(cfg, buf1);
         if (json_is_undefined(obj))
             break;
         if (p->eth_count >= MAX_ETH_DEVICE) {
             vm_error("Too many ethernet interfaces\n");
             return -1;
         }
         if (vm_get_str(obj, "driver", &str) < 0)
             goto tag_fail;
         p->tab_eth[p->eth_count].driver = strdup(str);
         if (!strcmp(str, "tap")) {
             if (vm_get_str(obj, "ifname", &str) < 0)
                 goto tag_fail;
             p->tab_eth[p->eth_count].ifname = strdup(str);
         }
         p->eth_count++;
     }

     p->display_device = NULL;
     obj = json_object_get(cfg, "display0");
     if (!json_is_undefined(obj)) {
         if (vm_get_str(obj, "device", &str) < 0)
             goto tag_fail;
         p->display_device = strdup(str);
         if (vm_get_int(obj, "width", &p->width) < 0)
             goto tag_fail;
         if (vm_get_int(obj, "height", &p->height) < 0)
             goto tag_fail;
         if (vm_get_str_opt(obj, "vga_bios", &str) < 0)
             goto tag_fail;
         if (str) {
             p->files[VM_FILE_VGA_BIOS].filename = strdup(str);
         }
     }

     if (vm_get_str_opt(cfg, "input_device", &str) < 0)
         goto tag_fail;
     p->input_device = strdup_null(str);

     if (vm_get_str_opt(cfg, "accel", &str) < 0)
         goto tag_fail;
     if (str) {
         if (!strcmp(str, "none")) {
             p->accel_enable = FALSE;
         } else if (!strcmp(str, "auto")) {
             p->accel_enable = TRUE;
         } else {
             vm_error("unsupported 'accel' config: %s\n", str);
             return -1;
         }
     }

     tag_name = "rtc_local_time";
     el = json_object_get(cfg, tag_name);
     if (!json_is_undefined(el)) {
         if (el.type != JSON_BOOL) {
             vm_error("%s: boolean expected\n", tag_name);
             goto tag_fail;
         }
         p->rtc_local_time = el.u.b;
     }

     json_free(cfg);
     return 0;
  tag_fail:
     json_free(cfg);
     return -1;
 }

 typedef void FSLoadFileCB(void *opaque, uint8_t *buf, int buf_len);

 typedef struct {
     VirtMachineParams *vm_params;
     void (*start_cb)(void *opaque);
     void *opaque;

     FSLoadFileCB *file_load_cb;
     void *file_load_opaque;
     int file_index;
 } VMConfigLoadState;

 static void config_file_loaded(void *opaque, uint8_t *buf, int buf_len);
 static void config_additional_file_load(VMConfigLoadState *s);
 static void config_additional_file_load_cb(void *opaque,
                                            uint8_t *buf, int buf_len);

 /* XXX: win32, URL */
 char *get_file_path(const char *base_filename, const char *filename)
 {
     int len, len1;
     char *fname, *p;

     if (!base_filename)
         goto done;
     if (strchr(filename, ':'))
         goto done; /* full URL */
     if (filename[0] == '/')
         goto done;
     p = strrchr(base_filename, '/');
     if (!p) {
     done:
         return strdup(filename);
     }
     len = p + 1 - base_filename;
     len1 = strlen(filename);
     fname = malloc(len + len1 + 1);
     memcpy(fname, base_filename, len);
     memcpy(fname + len, filename, len1 + 1);
     return fname;
 }


 #ifdef EMSCRIPTEN
 static int load_file(uint8_t **pbuf, const char *filename)
 {
     abort();
 }
 #else
 /* return -1 if error. */
 static int load_file(uint8_t **pbuf, const char *filename)
 {
     FILE *f;
     int size;
     uint8_t *buf;

     f = fopen(filename, "rb");
     if (!f) {
         perror(filename);
         exit(1);
     }
     fseek(f, 0, SEEK_END);
     size = ftell(f);
     fseek(f, 0, SEEK_SET);
     buf = malloc(size);
     if (fread(buf, 1, size, f) != size) {
         fprintf(stderr, "%s: read error\n", filename);
         exit(1);
     }
     fclose(f);
     *pbuf = buf;
     return size;
 }
 #endif

 #ifdef CONFIG_FS_NET
 static void config_load_file_cb(void *opaque, int err, void *data, size_t size)
 {
     VMConfigLoadState *s = opaque;

     //    printf("err=%d data=%p size=%ld\n", err, data, size);
     if (err < 0) {
         vm_error("Error %d while loading file\n", -err);
         exit(1);
     }
     s->file_load_cb(s->file_load_opaque, data, size);
 }
 #endif

 static void config_load_file(VMConfigLoadState *s, const char *filename,
                              FSLoadFileCB *cb, void *opaque)
 {
     //    printf("loading %s\n", filename);
 #ifdef CONFIG_FS_NET
     if (is_url(filename)) {
         s->file_load_cb = cb;
         s->file_load_opaque = opaque;
         fs_wget(filename, NULL, NULL, s, config_load_file_cb, TRUE);
     } else
 #endif
     {
         uint8_t *buf;
         int size;
         size = load_file(&buf, filename);
         cb(opaque, buf, size);
         free(buf);
     }
 }

 void virt_machine_load_config_file(VirtMachineParams *p,
                                    const char *filename,
                                    void (*start_cb)(void *opaque),
                                    void *opaque)
 {
     VMConfigLoadState *s;

     s = mallocz(sizeof(*s));
     s->vm_params = p;
     s->start_cb = start_cb;
     s->opaque = opaque;
     p->cfg_filename = strdup(filename);

     config_load_file(s, filename, config_file_loaded, s);
 }

 static void config_file_loaded(void *opaque, uint8_t *buf, int buf_len)
 {
     VMConfigLoadState *s = opaque;
     VirtMachineParams *p = s->vm_params;

     if (virt_machine_parse_config(p, (char *)buf, buf_len) < 0)
         exit(1);

     /* load the additional files */
     s->file_index = 0;
     config_additional_file_load(s);
 }

 static void config_additional_file_load(VMConfigLoadState *s)
 {
     VirtMachineParams *p = s->vm_params;
     while (s->file_index < VM_FILE_COUNT &&
            p->files[s->file_index].filename == NULL) {
         s->file_index++;
     }
     if (s->file_index == VM_FILE_COUNT) {
         if (s->start_cb)
             s->start_cb(s->opaque);
         free(s);
     } else {
         char *fname;

         fname = get_file_path(p->cfg_filename,
                               p->files[s->file_index].filename);
         config_load_file(s, fname,
                          config_additional_file_load_cb, s);
         free(fname);
     }
 }

 static void config_additional_file_load_cb(void *opaque,
                                            uint8_t *buf, int buf_len)
 {
     VMConfigLoadState *s = opaque;
     VirtMachineParams *p = s->vm_params;

     p->files[s->file_index].buf = malloc(buf_len);
     memcpy(p->files[s->file_index].buf, buf, buf_len);
     p->files[s->file_index].len = buf_len;

     /* load the next files */
     s->file_index++;
     config_additional_file_load(s);
 }

 void vm_add_cmdline(VirtMachineParams *p, const char *cmdline)
 {
     char *new_cmdline, *old_cmdline;
     if (cmdline[0] == '!') {
         new_cmdline = strdup(cmdline + 1);
     } else {
         old_cmdline = p->cmdline;
         if (!old_cmdline)
             old_cmdline = "";
         new_cmdline = malloc(strlen(old_cmdline) + 1 + strlen(cmdline) + 1);
         strcpy(new_cmdline, old_cmdline);
         strcat(new_cmdline, " ");
         strcat(new_cmdline, cmdline);
     }
     free(p->cmdline);
     p->cmdline = new_cmdline;
 }

 void virt_machine_free_config(VirtMachineParams *p)
 {
     int i;

     free(p->machine_name);
     free(p->cmdline);
     for(i = 0; i < VM_FILE_COUNT; i++) {
         free(p->files[i].filename);
         free(p->files[i].buf);
     }
     for(i = 0; i < p->drive_count; i++) {
         free(p->tab_drive[i].filename);
         free(p->tab_drive[i].device);
     }
     for(i = 0; i < p->fs_count; i++) {
         free(p->tab_fs[i].filename);
         free(p->tab_fs[i].tag);
     }
     for(i = 0; i < p->eth_count; i++) {
         free(p->tab_eth[i].driver);
         free(p->tab_eth[i].ifname);
     }
     free(p->input_device);
     free(p->display_device);
     free(p->cfg_filename);
 }

 VirtMachine *virt_machine_init(const VirtMachineParams *p)
 {
     const VirtMachineClass *vmc = p->vmc;
     return vmc->virt_machine_init(p);
 }

 void virt_machine_set_defaults(VirtMachineParams *p)
 {
     memset(p, 0, sizeof(*p));
 }

 void virt_machine_end(VirtMachine *s)
 {
     s->vmc->virt_machine_end(s);
 }
	/*
	* VM utilities
	*
	* Copyright (c) 2017 Fabrice Bellard
	*
	* Permission is hereby granted, free of charge, to any person obtaining a copy
	* of this software and associated documentation files (the "Software"), to deal
	* in the Software without restriction, including without limitation the rights
	* to use, copy, modify, merge, publish, distribute, sublicense, and/or sell
	* copies of the Software, and to permit persons to whom the Software is
	* furnished to do so, subject to the following conditions:
	*
	* The above copyright notice and this permission notice shall be included in
	* all copies or substantial portions of the Software.
	*
	* THE SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED "AS IS", WITHOUT WARRANTY OF ANY KIND, EXPRESS OR
	* IMPLIED, INCLUDING BUT NOT LIMITED TO THE WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY,
	* FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE AND NONINFRINGEMENT. IN NO EVENT SHALL
	* THE AUTHORS OR COPYRIGHT HOLDERS BE LIABLE FOR ANY CLAIM, DAMAGES OR OTHER
	* LIABILITY, WHETHER IN AN ACTION OF CONTRACT, TORT OR OTHERWISE, ARISING FROM,
	* OUT OF OR IN CONNECTION WITH THE SOFTWARE OR THE USE OR OTHER DEALINGS IN
	* THE SOFTWARE.
	*/

	#ifndef _WIN32
	#include <sys/param.h>
	#endif
	#include <stdlib.h>
	#include <stdio.h>
	#include <stdarg.h>
	#include <string.h>
	#include <inttypes.h>
	#include <assert.h>
	#include <fcntl.h>
	#include <errno.h>
	#include <unistd.h>
	#include <time.h>

	#include "cutils.h"
	#include "iomem.h"
	#include "virtio.h"
	#include "machine.h"
	#include "fs_utils.h"
	#ifdef CONFIG_FS_NET
	#include "fs_wget.h"
	#endif
	#if defined __GLIBC__ \|\| defined BSD \|\| (defined __APPLE__ && defined __MACH__)
	#define HAVE_TM_TM_GMTOFF
	#endif

	void __attribute__((format(printf, 1, 2))) vm_error(const char *fmt, ...)
	{
	va_list ap;
	va_start(ap, fmt);
	#ifdef EMSCRIPTEN
	vprintf(fmt, ap);
	#else
	vfprintf(stderr, fmt, ap);
	#endif
	va_end(ap);
	}

	int vm_get_int(JSONValue obj, const char name, int pval)
	{
	JSONValue val;
	val = json_object_get(obj, name);
	if (json_is_undefined(val)) {
	vm_error("expecting '%s' property\n", name);
	return -1;
	}
	if (val.type != JSON_INT) {
	vm_error("%s: integer expected\n", name);
	return -1;
	}
	*pval = val.u.int32;
	return 0;
	}

	int vm_get_int_opt(JSONValue obj, const char name, int pval, int def_val)
	{
	JSONValue val;
	val = json_object_get(obj, name);
	if (json_is_undefined(val)) {
	*pval = def_val;
	return 0;
	}
	if (val.type != JSON_INT) {
	vm_error("%s: integer expected\n", name);
	return -1;
	}
	*pval = val.u.int32;
	return 0;
	}

	static int vm_get_str2(JSONValue obj, const char name, const char *pstr,
	BOOL is_opt)
	{
	JSONValue val;
	val = json_object_get(obj, name);
	if (json_is_undefined(val)) {
	if (is_opt) {
	*pstr = NULL;
	return 0;
	} else {
	vm_error("expecting '%s' property\n", name);
	return -1;
	}
	}
	if (val.type != JSON_STR) {
	vm_error("%s: string expected\n", name);
	return -1;
	}
	*pstr = val.u.str->data;
	return 0;
	}

	static int vm_get_str(JSONValue obj, const char name, const char *pstr)
	{
	return vm_get_str2(obj, name, pstr, FALSE);
	}

	static int vm_get_str_opt(JSONValue obj, const char name, const char *pstr)
	{
	return vm_get_str2(obj, name, pstr, TRUE);
	}

	static char strdup_null(const char str)
	{
	if (!str)
	return NULL;
	else
	return strdup(str);
	}

	/* currently only for "TZ" */
	static char cmdline_subst(const char cmdline)
	{
	DynBuf dbuf;
	const char *p;
	char var_name[32], *q, buf[32];

	dbuf_init(&dbuf);
	p = cmdline;
	while (*p != '\0') {
	if (p[0] == '$' && p[1] == '{') {
	p += 2;
	q = var_name;
	while (p != '\0' && p != '}') {
	if ((q - var_name) < sizeof(var_name) - 1)
	q++ = p;
	p++;
	}
	*q = '\0';
	if (*p == '}')
	p++;
	if (!strcmp(var_name, "TZ")) {
	int n, sg;
	#ifdef HAVE_TM_TM_GMTOFF
	time_t ti;
	struct tm tm;
	/* get the offset to UTC */
	time(&ti);
	localtime_r(&ti, &tm);
	n = tm.tm_gmtoff / 60;
	#elif defined __SVR4 && defined __sun
	n = timezone / 60;
	#else
	#warning "No timezone support"
	n = 0;
	#endif
	sg = '-';
	if (n < 0) {
	sg = '+';
	n = -n;
	}
	snprintf(buf, sizeof(buf), "UTC%c%02d:%02d",
	sg, n / 60, n % 60);
	dbuf_putstr(&dbuf, buf);
	}
	} else {
	dbuf_putc(&dbuf, *p++);
	}
	}
	dbuf_putc(&dbuf, 0);
	return (char *)dbuf.buf;
	}

	static BOOL find_name(const char name, const char name_list)
	{
	size_t len;
	const char p, r;

	p = name_list;
	for(;;) {
	r = strchr(p, ',');
	if (!r) {
	if (!strcmp(name, p))
	return TRUE;
	break;
	} else {
	len = r - p;
	if (len == strlen(name) && !memcmp(name, p, len))
	return TRUE;
	p = r + 1;
	}
	}
	return FALSE;
	}

	static const VirtMachineClass *virt_machine_list[] = {
	#if defined(EMSCRIPTEN)
	/* only a single machine in the EMSCRIPTEN target */
	#ifndef CONFIG_X86EMU
	&riscv_machine_class,
	#endif
	#else
	&riscv_machine_class,
	#endif /* !EMSCRIPTEN */
	#ifdef CONFIG_X86EMU
	&pc_machine_class,
	#endif
	NULL,
	};

	static const VirtMachineClass virt_machine_find_class(const char machine_name)
	{
	const VirtMachineClass vmc, *pvmc;

	for(pvmc = virt_machine_list; *pvmc != NULL; pvmc++) {
	vmc = *pvmc;
	if (find_name(machine_name, vmc->machine_names))
	return vmc;
	}
	return NULL;
	}

	static int virt_machine_parse_config(VirtMachineParams *p,
	char *config_file_str, int len)
	{
	int version, val;
	const char tag_name, str;
	char buf1[256];
	JSONValue cfg, obj, el;

	cfg = json_parse_value_len(config_file_str, len);
	if (json_is_error(cfg)) {
	vm_error("error: %s\n", json_get_error(cfg));
	json_free(cfg);
	return -1;
	}

	if (vm_get_int(cfg, "version", &version) < 0)
	goto tag_fail;
	if (version != VM_CONFIG_VERSION) {
	if (version > VM_CONFIG_VERSION) {
	vm_error("The emulator is too old to run this VM: please upgrade\n");
	return -1;
	} else {
	vm_error("The VM configuration file is too old for this emulator version: please upgrade the VM configuration file\n");
	return -1;
	}
	}

	if (vm_get_str(cfg, "machine", &str) < 0)
	goto tag_fail;
	p->machine_name = strdup(str);
	p->vmc = virt_machine_find_class(p->machine_name);
	if (!p->vmc) {
	vm_error("Unknown machine name: %s\n", p->machine_name);
	goto tag_fail;
	}
	p->vmc->virt_machine_set_defaults(p);

	tag_name = "memory_size";
	if (vm_get_int(cfg, tag_name, &val) < 0)
	goto tag_fail;
	p->ram_size = (uint64_t)val << 20;

	tag_name = "bios";
	if (vm_get_str_opt(cfg, tag_name, &str) < 0)
	goto tag_fail;
	if (str) {
	p->files[VM_FILE_BIOS].filename = strdup(str);
	}

	tag_name = "kernel";
	if (vm_get_str_opt(cfg, tag_name, &str) < 0)
	goto tag_fail;
	if (str) {
	p->files[VM_FILE_KERNEL].filename = strdup(str);
	}

	tag_name = "initrd";
	if (vm_get_str_opt(cfg, tag_name, &str) < 0)
	goto tag_fail;
	if (str) {
	p->files[VM_FILE_INITRD].filename = strdup(str);
	}

	if (vm_get_str_opt(cfg, "cmdline", &str) < 0)
	goto tag_fail;
	if (str) {
	p->cmdline = cmdline_subst(str);
	}

	for(;;) {
	snprintf(buf1, sizeof(buf1), "drive%d", p->drive_count);
	obj = json_object_get(cfg, buf1);
	if (json_is_undefined(obj))
	break;
	if (p->drive_count >= MAX_DRIVE_DEVICE) {
	vm_error("Too many drives\n");
	return -1;
	}
	if (vm_get_str(obj, "file", &str) < 0)
	goto tag_fail;
	p->tab_drive[p->drive_count].filename = strdup(str);
	if (vm_get_str_opt(obj, "device", &str) < 0)
	goto tag_fail;
	p->tab_drive[p->drive_count].device = strdup_null(str);
	p->drive_count++;
	}

	for(;;) {
	snprintf(buf1, sizeof(buf1), "fs%d", p->fs_count);
	obj = json_object_get(cfg, buf1);
	if (json_is_undefined(obj))
	break;
	if (p->fs_count >= MAX_DRIVE_DEVICE) {
	vm_error("Too many filesystems\n");
	return -1;
	}
	if (vm_get_str(obj, "file", &str) < 0)
	goto tag_fail;
	p->tab_fs[p->fs_count].filename = strdup(str);
	if (vm_get_str_opt(obj, "tag", &str) < 0)
	goto tag_fail;
	if (!str) {
	if (p->fs_count == 0)
	strcpy(buf1, "/dev/root");
	else
	snprintf(buf1, sizeof(buf1), "/dev/root%d", p->fs_count);
	str = buf1;
	}
	p->tab_fs[p->fs_count].tag = strdup(str);
	p->fs_count++;
	}

	for(;;) {
	snprintf(buf1, sizeof(buf1), "eth%d", p->eth_count);
	obj = json_object_get(cfg, buf1);
	if (json_is_undefined(obj))
	break;
	if (p->eth_count >= MAX_ETH_DEVICE) {
	vm_error("Too many ethernet interfaces\n");
	return -1;
	}
	if (vm_get_str(obj, "driver", &str) < 0)
	goto tag_fail;
	p->tab_eth[p->eth_count].driver = strdup(str);
	if (!strcmp(str, "tap")) {
	if (vm_get_str(obj, "ifname", &str) < 0)
	goto tag_fail;
	p->tab_eth[p->eth_count].ifname = strdup(str);
	}
	p->eth_count++;
	}

	p->display_device = NULL;
	obj = json_object_get(cfg, "display0");
	if (!json_is_undefined(obj)) {
	if (vm_get_str(obj, "device", &str) < 0)
	goto tag_fail;
	p->display_device = strdup(str);
	if (vm_get_int(obj, "width", &p->width) < 0)
	goto tag_fail;
	if (vm_get_int(obj, "height", &p->height) < 0)
	goto tag_fail;
	if (vm_get_str_opt(obj, "vga_bios", &str) < 0)
	goto tag_fail;
	if (str) {
	p->files[VM_FILE_VGA_BIOS].filename = strdup(str);
	}
	}

	if (vm_get_str_opt(cfg, "input_device", &str) < 0)
	goto tag_fail;
	p->input_device = strdup_null(str);

	if (vm_get_str_opt(cfg, "accel", &str) < 0)
	goto tag_fail;
	if (str) {
	if (!strcmp(str, "none")) {
	p->accel_enable = FALSE;
	} else if (!strcmp(str, "auto")) {
	p->accel_enable = TRUE;
	} else {
	vm_error("unsupported 'accel' config: %s\n", str);
	return -1;
	}
	}

	tag_name = "rtc_local_time";
	el = json_object_get(cfg, tag_name);
	if (!json_is_undefined(el)) {
	if (el.type != JSON_BOOL) {
	vm_error("%s: boolean expected\n", tag_name);
	goto tag_fail;
	}
	p->rtc_local_time = el.u.b;
	}

	json_free(cfg);
	return 0;
	tag_fail:
	json_free(cfg);
	return -1;
	}

	typedef void FSLoadFileCB(void opaque, uint8_t buf, int buf_len);

	typedef struct {
	VirtMachineParams *vm_params;
	void (start_cb)(void opaque);
	void *opaque;

	FSLoadFileCB *file_load_cb;
	void *file_load_opaque;
	int file_index;
	} VMConfigLoadState;

	static void config_file_loaded(void opaque, uint8_t buf, int buf_len);
	static void config_additional_file_load(VMConfigLoadState *s);
	static void config_additional_file_load_cb(void *opaque,
	uint8_t *buf, int buf_len);

	/* XXX: win32, URL */
	char get_file_path(const char base_filename, const char *filename)
	{
	int len, len1;
	char fname, p;

	if (!base_filename)
	goto done;
	if (strchr(filename, ':'))
	goto done; /* full URL */
	if (filename[0] == '/')
	goto done;
	p = strrchr(base_filename, '/');
	if (!p) {
	done:
	return strdup(filename);
	}
	len = p + 1 - base_filename;
	len1 = strlen(filename);
	fname = malloc(len + len1 + 1);
	memcpy(fname, base_filename, len);
	memcpy(fname + len, filename, len1 + 1);
	return fname;
	}


	#ifdef EMSCRIPTEN
	static int load_file(uint8_t *pbuf, const char filename)
	{
	abort();
	}
	#else
	/* return -1 if error. */
	static int load_file(uint8_t *pbuf, const char filename)
	{
	FILE *f;
	int size;
	uint8_t *buf;

	f = fopen(filename, "rb");
	if (!f) {
	perror(filename);
	exit(1);
	}
	fseek(f, 0, SEEK_END);
	size = ftell(f);
	fseek(f, 0, SEEK_SET);
	buf = malloc(size);
	if (fread(buf, 1, size, f) != size) {
	fprintf(stderr, "%s: read error\n", filename);
	exit(1);
	}
	fclose(f);
	*pbuf = buf;
	return size;
	}
	#endif

	#ifdef CONFIG_FS_NET
	static void config_load_file_cb(void opaque, int err, void data, size_t size)
	{
	VMConfigLoadState *s = opaque;

	// printf("err=%d data=%p size=%ld\n", err, data, size);
	if (err < 0) {
	vm_error("Error %d while loading file\n", -err);
	exit(1);
	}
	s->file_load_cb(s->file_load_opaque, data, size);
	}
	#endif

	static void config_load_file(VMConfigLoadState s, const char filename,
	FSLoadFileCB cb, void opaque)
	{
	// printf("loading %s\n", filename);
	#ifdef CONFIG_FS_NET
	if (is_url(filename)) {
	s->file_load_cb = cb;
	s->file_load_opaque = opaque;
	fs_wget(filename, NULL, NULL, s, config_load_file_cb, TRUE);
	} else
	#endif
	{
	uint8_t *buf;
	int size;
	size = load_file(&buf, filename);
	cb(opaque, buf, size);
	free(buf);
	}
	}

	void virt_machine_load_config_file(VirtMachineParams *p,
	const char *filename,
	void (start_cb)(void opaque),
	void *opaque)
	{
	VMConfigLoadState *s;

	s = mallocz(sizeof(*s));
	s->vm_params = p;
	s->start_cb = start_cb;
	s->opaque = opaque;
	p->cfg_filename = strdup(filename);

	config_load_file(s, filename, config_file_loaded, s);
	}

	static void config_file_loaded(void opaque, uint8_t buf, int buf_len)
	{
	VMConfigLoadState *s = opaque;
	VirtMachineParams *p = s->vm_params;

	if (virt_machine_parse_config(p, (char *)buf, buf_len) < 0)
	exit(1);

	/* load the additional files */
	s->file_index = 0;
	config_additional_file_load(s);
	}

	static void config_additional_file_load(VMConfigLoadState *s)
	{
	VirtMachineParams *p = s->vm_params;
	while (s->file_index < VM_FILE_COUNT &&
	p->files[s->file_index].filename == NULL) {
	s->file_index++;
	}
	if (s->file_index == VM_FILE_COUNT) {
	if (s->start_cb)
	s->start_cb(s->opaque);
	free(s);
	} else {
	char *fname;

	fname = get_file_path(p->cfg_filename,
	p->files[s->file_index].filename);
	config_load_file(s, fname,
	config_additional_file_load_cb, s);
	free(fname);
	}
	}

	static void config_additional_file_load_cb(void *opaque,
	uint8_t *buf, int buf_len)
	{
	VMConfigLoadState *s = opaque;
	VirtMachineParams *p = s->vm_params;

	p->files[s->file_index].buf = malloc(buf_len);
	memcpy(p->files[s->file_index].buf, buf, buf_len);
	p->files[s->file_index].len = buf_len;

	/* load the next files */
	s->file_index++;
	config_additional_file_load(s);
	}

	void vm_add_cmdline(VirtMachineParams p, const char cmdline)
	{
	char new_cmdline, old_cmdline;
	if (cmdline[0] == '!') {
	new_cmdline = strdup(cmdline + 1);
	} else {
	old_cmdline = p->cmdline;
	if (!old_cmdline)
	old_cmdline = "";
	new_cmdline = malloc(strlen(old_cmdline) + 1 + strlen(cmdline) + 1);
	strcpy(new_cmdline, old_cmdline);
	strcat(new_cmdline, " ");
	strcat(new_cmdline, cmdline);
	}
	free(p->cmdline);
	p->cmdline = new_cmdline;
	}

	void virt_machine_free_config(VirtMachineParams *p)
	{
	int i;

	free(p->machine_name);
	free(p->cmdline);
	for(i = 0; i < VM_FILE_COUNT; i++) {
	free(p->files[i].filename);
	free(p->files[i].buf);
	}
	for(i = 0; i < p->drive_count; i++) {
	free(p->tab_drive[i].filename);
	free(p->tab_drive[i].device);
	}
	for(i = 0; i < p->fs_count; i++) {
	free(p->tab_fs[i].filename);
	free(p->tab_fs[i].tag);
	}
	for(i = 0; i < p->eth_count; i++) {
	free(p->tab_eth[i].driver);
	free(p->tab_eth[i].ifname);
	}
	free(p->input_device);
	free(p->display_device);
	free(p->cfg_filename);
	}

	VirtMachine virt_machine_init(const VirtMachineParams p)
	{
	const VirtMachineClass *vmc = p->vmc;
	return vmc->virt_machine_init(p);
	}

	void virt_machine_set_defaults(VirtMachineParams *p)
	{
	memset(p, 0, sizeof(*p));
	}

	void virt_machine_end(VirtMachine *s)
	{
	s->vmc->virt_machine_end(s);
	}