PDP1/pdp1_dt.c

/* pdp1_dt.c: 18b DECtape simulator

   Copyright (c) 1993-2002, Robert M Supnik

   Permission is hereby granted, free of charge, to any person obtaining a
   copy of this software and associated documentation files (the "Software"),
   to deal in the Software without restriction, including without limitation
   the rights to use, copy, modify, merge, publish, distribute, sublicense,
   and/or sell copies of the Software, and to permit persons to whom the
   Software is furnished to do so, subject to the following conditions:

   The above copyright notice and this permission notice shall be included in
   all copies or substantial portions of the Software.

   THE SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED "AS IS", WITHOUT WARRANTY OF ANY KIND, EXPRESS OR
   IMPLIED, INCLUDING BUT NOT LIMITED TO THE WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY,
   FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE AND NONINFRINGEMENT.  IN NO EVENT SHALL
   ROBERT M SUPNIK BE LIABLE FOR ANY CLAIM, DAMAGES OR OTHER LIABILITY, WHETHER
   IN AN ACTION OF CONTRACT, TORT OR OTHERWISE, ARISING FROM, OUT OF OR IN
   CONNECTION WITH THE SOFTWARE OR THE USE OR OTHER DEALINGS IN THE SOFTWARE.

   Except as contained in this notice, the name of Robert M Supnik shall not
   be used in advertising or otherwise to promote the sale, use or other dealings
   in this Software without prior written authorization from Robert M Supnik.

   dt		Type 550/555 DECtape

   17-Oct-02	RMS	Fixed bug in end of reel logic
   06-Oct-02	RMS	Added device disable support
   13-Aug-02	RMS	Cloned from pdp18b_dt.c

   18b DECtapes are represented in memory by fixed length buffer of 32b words.
   Three file formats are supported:

	18b/36b			256 words per block [256 x 18b]
	16b			256 words per block [256 x 16b]
	12b			129 words per block [129 x 12b]

   When a 16b or 12b DECtape file is read in, it is converted to 18b/36b format.

   DECtape motion is measured in 3b lines.  Time between lines is 33.33us.
   Tape density is nominally 300 lines per inch.  The format of a DECtape is

	reverse end zone	36000 lines ~ 10 feet
	block 0
	 :
	block n
	forward end zone	36000 lines ~ 10 feet

   A block consists of five 18b header words, a tape-specific number of data
   words, and five 18b trailer words.  All systems except the PDP-8 use a
   standard block length of 256 words; the PDP-8 uses a standard block length
   of 86 words (x 18b = 129 words x 12b).  [A PDP-1/4/7 DECtape has only four 18b
   header words; for consistency, the PDP-1/4/7 uses the same format as the PDP-9/15
   but skips the missing header words.]

   Because a DECtape file only contains data, the simulator cannot support
   write timing and mark track and can only do a limited implementation
   of read all and write all.  Read all assumes that the tape has been
   conventionally written forward:

	header word 0		0
	header word 1		block number (for forward reads)
	header words 2,3	0
	header word 4		0
	:
	trailer word 4		checksum
	trailer words 3,2	0
	trailer word 1		block number (for reverse reads)
	trailer word 0		0

   Write all writes only the data words and dumps the interblock words in the
   bit bucket.

   The Type 550 controller has a 4b unit select field, for units 1-8; the TC02
   has a 3b unit select field, with unit 8 being represented as 0.  The code
   assumes that the GETUNIT macro returns a unit number in the range of 0-7,
   with 8 represented as 0, and an invalid unit as -1.
*/

#include "pdp1_defs.h"

#define DT_NUMDR	8				/* #drives */
#define UNIT_V_WLK	(UNIT_V_UF + 0)			/* write locked */
#define UNIT_V_8FMT	(UNIT_V_UF + 1)			/* 12b format */
#define UNIT_V_11FMT	(UNIT_V_UF + 2)			/* 16b format */
#define UNIT_WLK	(1 << UNIT_V_WLK)
#define UNIT_8FMT	(1 << UNIT_V_8FMT)
#define UNIT_11FMT	(1 << UNIT_V_11FMT)
#define STATE		u3				/* unit state */
#define LASTT		u4				/* last time update */
#define DT_WC		030				/* word count */
#define DT_CA		031				/* current addr */
#define UNIT_WPRT	(UNIT_WLK | UNIT_RO)		/* write protect */

/* System independent DECtape constants */

#define DT_EZLIN	36000				/* end zone length */
#define DT_HTLIN	30				/* header/trailer lines */
#define DT_BLKLN	6				/* blk no line in h/t */
#define DT_CSMLN	24				/* checksum line in h/t */
#define DT_HTWRD	(DT_HTLIN / DT_WSIZE)		/* header/trailer words */
#define DT_BLKWD	(DT_BLKLN / DT_WSIZE)		/* blk no word in h/t */
#define DT_CSMWD	(DT_CSMLN / DT_WSIZE)		/* checksum word in h/t */

/* 16b, 18b, 36b DECtape constants */

#define D18_WSIZE	6				/* word size in lines */
#define D18_BSIZE	256				/* block size in 18b */
#define D18_TSIZE	578				/* tape size */
#define D18_LPERB	(DT_HTLIN + (D18_BSIZE * DT_WSIZE) + DT_HTLIN)
#define D18_FWDEZ	(DT_EZLIN + (D18_LPERB * D18_TSIZE))
#define D18_CAPAC	(D18_TSIZE * D18_BSIZE)		/* tape capacity */
#define D11_FILSIZ	(D18_CAPAC * sizeof (int16))

/* 12b DECtape constants */

#define D8_WSIZE	4				/* word size in lines */
#define D8_BSIZE	86				/* block size in 18b */
#define D8_TSIZE	1474				/* tape size */
#define D8_LPERB	(DT_HTLIN + (D8_BSIZE * DT_WSIZE) + DT_HTLIN)
#define D8_FWDEZ	(DT_EZLIN + (D8_LPERB * D8_TSIZE))
#define D8_CAPAC	(D8_TSIZE * D8_BSIZE)		/* tape capacity */

#define D8_NBSIZE	((D8_BSIZE * D18_WSIZE) / D8_WSIZE)
#define D8_FILSIZ	(D8_NBSIZE * D8_TSIZE * sizeof (int16))

/* This controller */

#define DT_CAPAC	D18_CAPAC			/* default */
#define DT_WSIZE	D18_WSIZE

/* Calculated constants, per unit */

#define DTU_BSIZE(u)	(((u)->flags & UNIT_8FMT)? D8_BSIZE: D18_BSIZE)
#define DTU_TSIZE(u)	(((u)->flags & UNIT_8FMT)? D8_TSIZE: D18_TSIZE)
#define DTU_LPERB(u)	(((u)->flags & UNIT_8FMT)? D8_LPERB: D18_LPERB)
#define DTU_FWDEZ(u)	(((u)->flags & UNIT_8FMT)? D8_FWDEZ: D18_FWDEZ)
#define DTU_CAPAC(u)	(((u)->flags & UNIT_8FMT)? D8_CAPAC: D18_CAPAC)

#define DT_LIN2BL(p,u)	(((p) - DT_EZLIN) / DTU_LPERB (u))
#define DT_LIN2OF(p,u)	(((p) - DT_EZLIN) % DTU_LPERB (u))
#define DT_LIN2WD(p,u)	((DT_LIN2OF (p,u) - DT_HTLIN) / DT_WSIZE)
#define DT_BLK2LN(p,u)	(((p) * DTU_LPERB (u)) + DT_EZLIN)
#define DT_QREZ(u)	(((u)->pos) < DT_EZLIN)
#define DT_QFEZ(u)	(((u)->pos) >= ((uint32) DTU_FWDEZ (u)))
#define DT_QEZ(u)	(DT_QREZ (u) || DT_QFEZ (u))

/* Status register A */

#define DTA_V_UNIT	12				/* unit select */
#define DTA_M_UNIT	017
#define DTA_UNIT	(DTA_M_UNIT << DTA_V_UNIT)
#define DTA_V_MOT	4				/* motion */
#define DTA_M_MOT	03
#define DTA_V_FNC	0				/* function */
#define DTA_M_FNC	07
#define  FNC_MOVE	 00				/* move */
#define  FNC_SRCH	 01				/* search */
#define  FNC_READ	 02				/* read */
#define  FNC_WRIT	 03				/* write */
#define  FNC_RALL	 05				/* read all */
#define  FNC_WALL	 06				/* write all */
#define  FNC_WMRK	 07				/* write timing */
#define DTA_STSTP	(1u << (DTA_V_MOT + 1))
#define DTA_FWDRV	(1u << DTA_V_MOT)
#define DTA_MODE	0				/* not implemented */
#define DTA_RW		077
#define DTA_GETUNIT(x)	map_unit[(((x) >> DTA_V_UNIT) & DTA_M_UNIT)]
#define DT_UPDINT	if (dtsb & (DTB_DTF | DTB_BEF | DTB_ERF)) \
			sbs = sbs | SB_RQ;

#define DTA_GETMOT(x)	(((x) >> DTA_V_MOT) & DTA_M_MOT)
#define DTA_GETFNC(x)	(((x) >> DTA_V_FNC) & DTA_M_FNC)

/* Status register B */

#define DTB_V_DTF	17				/* data flag */
#define DTB_V_BEF	16				/* block end flag */
#define DTB_V_ERF	15				/* error flag */
#define DTB_V_END	14				/* end of tape */
#define DTB_V_TIM	13				/* timing err */
#define DTB_V_REV	12				/* reverse */
#define DTB_V_GO	11				/* go */
#define DTB_V_MRK	10				/* mark trk err */
#define DTB_V_SEL	9				/* select err */
#define DTB_DTF		(1u << DTB_V_DTF)
#define DTB_BEF		(1u << DTB_V_BEF)
#define DTB_ERF		(1u << DTB_V_ERF)
#define DTB_END		(1u << DTB_V_END)
#define DTB_TIM		(1u << DTB_V_TIM)
#define DTB_REV		(1u << DTB_V_REV)
#define DTB_GO		(1u << DTB_V_GO)
#define DTB_MRK		(1u << DTB_V_MRK)
#define DTB_SEL		(1u << DTB_V_SEL)
#define DTB_ALLERR	(DTB_END | DTB_TIM | DTB_MRK | DTB_SEL)

/* DECtape state */

#define DTS_V_MOT	3				/* motion */
#define DTS_M_MOT	07
#define  DTS_STOP	 0				/* stopped */
#define  DTS_DECF	 2				/* decel, fwd */
#define  DTS_DECR	 3				/* decel, rev */
#define  DTS_ACCF	 4				/* accel, fwd */
#define  DTS_ACCR	 5				/* accel, rev */
#define  DTS_ATSF	 6				/* @speed, fwd */
#define  DTS_ATSR	 7				/* @speed, rev */
#define DTS_DIR		01				/* dir mask */
#define DTS_V_FNC	0				/* function */
#define DTS_M_FNC	07
#define  DTS_OFR	7				/* "off reel" */
#define DTS_GETMOT(x)	(((x) >> DTS_V_MOT) & DTS_M_MOT)
#define DTS_GETFNC(x)	(((x) >> DTS_V_FNC) & DTS_M_FNC)
#define DTS_V_2ND	6				/* next state */
#define DTS_V_3RD	(DTS_V_2ND + DTS_V_2ND)		/* next next */
#define DTS_STA(y,z)	(((y) << DTS_V_MOT) | ((z) << DTS_V_FNC))
#define DTS_SETSTA(y,z) uptr->STATE = DTS_STA (y, z)
#define DTS_SET2ND(y,z) uptr->STATE = (uptr->STATE & 077) | \
				((DTS_STA (y, z)) << DTS_V_2ND)
#define DTS_SET3RD(y,z) uptr->STATE = (uptr->STATE & 07777) | \
				((DTS_STA (y, z)) << DTS_V_3RD)
#define DTS_NXTSTA(x)	(x >> DTS_V_2ND)

/* Operation substates */

#define DTO_WCO		1				/* wc overflow */
#define DTO_SOB		2				/* start of block */

/* Logging */

#define LOG_MS		001				/* move, search */
#define LOG_RW		002				/* read, write */
#define LOG_RA		004				/* read all */
#define LOG_BL		010				/* block # lblk */

#define ABS(x)		(((x) < 0)? (-(x)): (x))

extern int32 M[];
extern int32 sbs;
extern int32 stop_inst;
extern UNIT cpu_unit;
extern int32 sim_switches;
extern int32 sim_is_running;

int32 dtsa = 0;						/* status A */
int32 dtsb = 0;						/* status B */
int32 dtdb = 0;						/* data buffer */
int32 dt_ltime = 12;					/* interline time */
int32 dt_actime = 54000;				/* accel time */
int32 dt_dctime = 72000;				/* decel time */
int32 dt_substate = 0;
int32 dt_log = 0;
int32 dt_logblk = 0;
static const int32 map_unit[16] = {			/* Type 550 unit map */
 -1,  1,  2,  3,  4,  5,  6,  7,
  0, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1 };

t_stat dt_svc (UNIT *uptr);
t_stat dt_reset (DEVICE *dptr);
t_stat dt_attach (UNIT *uptr, char *cptr);
t_stat dt_detach (UNIT *uptr);
void dt_deselect (int32 oldf);
void dt_newsa (int32 newf);
void dt_newfnc (UNIT *uptr, int32 newsta);
t_bool dt_setpos (UNIT *uptr);
void dt_schedez (UNIT *uptr, int32 dir);
void dt_seterr (UNIT *uptr, int32 e);
int32 dt_comobv (int32 val);
int32 dt_csum (UNIT *uptr, int32 blk);
int32 dt_gethdr (UNIT *uptr, int32 blk, int32 relpos);

/* DT data structures

   dt_dev	DT device descriptor
   dt_unit	DT unit list
   dt_reg	DT register list
   dt_mod	DT modifier list
*/

UNIT dt_unit[] = {
	{ UDATA (&dt_svc, UNIT_FIX+UNIT_ATTABLE+UNIT_DISABLE+
		UNIT_ROABLE, DT_CAPAC) },
	{ UDATA (&dt_svc, UNIT_FIX+UNIT_ATTABLE+UNIT_DISABLE+
		UNIT_ROABLE, DT_CAPAC) },
	{ UDATA (&dt_svc, UNIT_FIX+UNIT_ATTABLE+UNIT_DISABLE+
		UNIT_ROABLE, DT_CAPAC) },
	{ UDATA (&dt_svc, UNIT_FIX+UNIT_ATTABLE+UNIT_DISABLE+
		UNIT_ROABLE, DT_CAPAC) },
	{ UDATA (&dt_svc, UNIT_FIX+UNIT_ATTABLE+UNIT_DISABLE+
		UNIT_ROABLE, DT_CAPAC) },
	{ UDATA (&dt_svc, UNIT_FIX+UNIT_ATTABLE+UNIT_DISABLE+
		UNIT_ROABLE, DT_CAPAC) },
	{ UDATA (&dt_svc, UNIT_FIX+UNIT_ATTABLE+UNIT_DISABLE+
		UNIT_ROABLE, DT_CAPAC) },
	{ UDATA (&dt_svc, UNIT_FIX+UNIT_ATTABLE+UNIT_DISABLE+
		UNIT_ROABLE, DT_CAPAC) }  };

REG dt_reg[] = {
	{ ORDATA (DTSA, dtsa, 18) },
	{ ORDATA (DTSB, dtsb, 18) },
	{ ORDATA (DTDB, dtdb, 18) },
	{ FLDATA (DTF, dtsb, DTB_V_DTF) },
	{ FLDATA (BEF, dtsb, DTB_V_BEF) },
	{ FLDATA (ERF, dtsb, DTB_V_ERF) },
	{ DRDATA (LTIME, dt_ltime, 31), REG_NZ },
	{ DRDATA (ACTIME, dt_actime, 31), REG_NZ },
	{ DRDATA (DCTIME, dt_dctime, 31), REG_NZ },
	{ ORDATA (SUBSTATE, dt_substate, 2) },
	{ ORDATA (LOG, dt_log, 4), REG_HIDDEN },
	{ DRDATA (LBLK, dt_logblk, 12), REG_HIDDEN },
	{ URDATA (POS, dt_unit[0].pos, 10, 32, 0,
		  DT_NUMDR, PV_LEFT | REG_RO) },
	{ URDATA (STATT, dt_unit[0].STATE, 8, 18, 0,
		  DT_NUMDR, REG_RO) },
	{ URDATA (LASTT, dt_unit[0].LASTT, 10, 32, 0,
		  DT_NUMDR, REG_HRO) },
	{ NULL }  };

MTAB dt_mod[] = {
	{ UNIT_WLK, 0, "write enabled", "WRITEENABLED", NULL },
	{ UNIT_WLK, UNIT_WLK, "write locked", "LOCKED", NULL }, 
	{ UNIT_8FMT + UNIT_11FMT, 0, "18b", NULL, NULL },
	{ UNIT_8FMT + UNIT_11FMT, UNIT_8FMT, "12b", NULL, NULL },
	{ UNIT_8FMT + UNIT_11FMT, UNIT_11FMT, "16b", NULL, NULL },
	{ 0 }  };

DEVICE dt_dev = {
	"DT", dt_unit, dt_reg, dt_mod,
	DT_NUMDR, 8, 24, 1, 8, 18,
	NULL, NULL, &dt_reset,
	NULL, &dt_attach, &dt_detach,
	NULL, DEV_DISABLE };

int32 dt (int32 IR, int32 dev, int32 IO)
{
int32 pulse = (IR >> 6) & 037;
int32 fnc, mot, unum;
UNIT *uptr = NULL;

if (dt_dev.flags & DEV_DIS)				/* disabled? */
	return (stop_inst << IOT_V_REASON) | IO;	/* stop if requested */
unum = DTA_GETUNIT (dtsa);				/* get unit no */
if (unum >= 0) uptr = dt_dev.units + unum;		/* get unit */

if (pulse == 003) {					/* MSE */
	if ((dtsa ^ IO) & DTA_UNIT) dt_deselect (dtsa);	/* new unit? */
	dtsa = (dtsa & ~DTA_UNIT) | (IO & DTA_UNIT);
	dtsb = dtsb & ~(DTB_DTF | DTB_BEF | DTB_ERF | DTB_ALLERR);  }
if (pulse == 004) {					/* MLC */
	dtsa = (dtsa & ~DTA_RW) | (IO & DTA_RW);	/* load dtsa */
	dtsb = dtsb & ~(DTB_DTF | DTB_BEF | DTB_ERF | DTB_ALLERR);
	fnc = DTA_GETFNC (dtsa);			/* get fnc */
	if ((uptr == NULL) ||				/* invalid? */
	    ((uptr->flags) & UNIT_DIS) ||		/* disabled? */
	     (fnc >= FNC_WMRK) ||			/* write mark? */
	    ((fnc == FNC_WRIT) && (uptr->flags & UNIT_WLK)) ||
	    ((fnc == FNC_WALL) && (uptr->flags & UNIT_WLK)))
	    dt_seterr (uptr, DTB_SEL);			/* select err */
	else dt_newsa (dtsa);  }
if (pulse == 005) {					/* MRD */
	IO = (IO & ~DMASK) | dtdb;
	dtsb = dtsb & ~(DTB_DTF | DTB_BEF);  }
if (pulse == 006) {					/* MWR */
	dtdb = IO & DMASK;
	dtsb = dtsb & ~(DTB_DTF | DTB_BEF);  }
if (pulse == 007) {					/* MRS */
	dtsb = dtsb & ~(DTB_REV | DTB_GO);		/* clr rev, go */
	if (uptr) {					/* valid unit? */
	    mot = DTS_GETMOT (uptr->STATE);		/* get motion */
	    if (mot & DTS_DIR) dtsb = dtsb | DTB_REV;	/* rev? set */
	    if ((mot >= DTS_ACCF) || (uptr->STATE & 0777700))
		dtsb = dtsb | DTB_GO;  }		/* accel? go */
	IO = (IO & ~DMASK) | dtsb;  }
DT_UPDINT;
return IO;
}

/* Unit deselect */

void dt_deselect (int32 oldf)
{
int32 old_unit, old_mot;
UNIT *uptr;

old_unit = DTA_GETUNIT (oldf);				/* get unit no */
if (old_unit < 0) return;				/* invalid? */
uptr = dt_dev.units + old_unit;				/* get unit */
old_mot = DTS_GETMOT (uptr->STATE);
if (old_mot >= DTS_ATSF)				/* at speed? */
	dt_newfnc (uptr, DTS_STA (old_mot, DTS_OFR));
else if (old_mot >= DTS_ACCF)				/* accelerating? */
	DTS_SET2ND (DTS_ATSF | (old_mot & DTS_DIR), DTS_OFR);
return;
}

/* Command register change

   1. If change in motion, stop to start
	- schedule acceleration
	- set function as next state
   2. If change in motion, start to stop
	- if not already decelerating (could be reversing),
	  schedule deceleration
   3. If change in direction,
	- if not decelerating, schedule deceleration
	- set accelerating (other dir) as next state
	- set function as next next state
   4. If not accelerating or at speed,
	- schedule acceleration
	- set function as next state
   5. If not yet at speed,
	- set function as next state
   6. If at speed,
	- set function as current state, schedule function
*/

void dt_newsa (int32 newf)
{
int32 new_unit, prev_mot, new_fnc;
int32 prev_mving, new_mving, prev_dir, new_dir;
UNIT *uptr;

new_unit = DTA_GETUNIT (newf);				/* new unit */
if (new_unit < 0) return;				/* invalid? */
uptr = dt_dev.units + new_unit;
if ((uptr->flags & UNIT_ATT) == 0) {			/* new unit attached? */
	dt_seterr (uptr, DTB_SEL);			/* no, error */
	return;  }
prev_mot = DTS_GETMOT (uptr->STATE);			/* previous motion */
prev_mving = prev_mot != DTS_STOP;			/* previous moving? */
prev_dir = prev_mot & DTS_DIR;				/* previous dir? */
new_mving = (newf & DTA_STSTP) != 0;			/* new moving? */
new_dir = (newf & DTA_FWDRV) != 0;			/* new dir? */
new_fnc = DTA_GETFNC (newf);				/* new function? */

if ((prev_mving | new_mving) == 0) return;		/* stop to stop */

if (new_mving & ~prev_mving) {				/* start? */
	if (dt_setpos (uptr)) return;			/* update pos */
	sim_cancel (uptr);				/* stop current */
	sim_activate (uptr, dt_actime);			/* schedule accel */
	DTS_SETSTA (DTS_ACCF | new_dir, 0);		/* state = accel */
	DTS_SET2ND (DTS_ATSF | new_dir, new_fnc);	/* next = fnc */
	return;  }

if (prev_mving & ~new_mving) {				/* stop? */
	if ((prev_mot & ~DTS_DIR) != DTS_DECF) {	/* !already stopping? */
	    if (dt_setpos (uptr)) return;		/* update pos */
	    sim_cancel (uptr);				/* stop current */
	    sim_activate (uptr, dt_dctime);  }		/* schedule decel */
	DTS_SETSTA (DTS_DECF | prev_dir, 0);		/* state = decel */
	return;  }

if (prev_dir ^ new_dir) {				/* dir chg? */
	if ((prev_mot & ~DTS_DIR) != DTS_DECF) {	/* !already stopping? */
	    if (dt_setpos (uptr)) return;  		/* update pos */
	    sim_cancel (uptr);				/* stop current */
	    sim_activate (uptr, dt_dctime);  }		/* schedule decel */
	DTS_SETSTA (DTS_DECF | prev_dir, 0);		/* state = decel */
	DTS_SET2ND (DTS_ACCF | new_dir, 0);		/* next = accel */
	DTS_SET3RD (DTS_ATSF | new_dir, new_fnc);	/* next next = fnc */
	return;  }

if (prev_mot < DTS_ACCF) {				/* not accel/at speed? */
	if (dt_setpos (uptr)) return;			/* update pos */
	sim_cancel (uptr);				/* cancel cur */
	sim_activate (uptr, dt_actime);			/* schedule accel */
	DTS_SETSTA (DTS_ACCF | new_dir, 0);		/* state = accel */
	DTS_SET2ND (DTS_ATSF | new_dir, new_fnc);	/* next = fnc */
	return;  }

if (prev_mot < DTS_ATSF) {				/* not at speed? */
	DTS_SET2ND (DTS_ATSF | new_dir, new_fnc);	/* next = fnc */
	return;  }

dt_newfnc (uptr, DTS_STA (DTS_ATSF | new_dir, new_fnc));/* state = fnc */
return;	
}

/* Schedule new DECtape function

   This routine is only called if
   - the selected unit is attached
   - the selected unit is at speed (forward or backward)

   This routine
   - updates the selected unit's position
   - updates the selected unit's state
   - schedules the new operation
*/

void dt_newfnc (UNIT *uptr, int32 newsta)
{
int32 fnc, dir, blk, unum, newpos;
uint32 oldpos;

oldpos = uptr->pos;					/* save old pos */
if (dt_setpos (uptr)) return;				/* update pos */
uptr->STATE = newsta;					/* update state */
fnc = DTS_GETFNC (uptr->STATE);				/* set variables */
dir = DTS_GETMOT (uptr->STATE) & DTS_DIR;
unum = uptr - dt_dev.units;
if (oldpos == uptr->pos)				/* bump pos */
	uptr->pos = uptr->pos + (dir? -1: 1);
blk = DT_LIN2BL (uptr->pos, uptr);

if (dir? DT_QREZ (uptr): DT_QFEZ (uptr)) {		/* wrong ez? */
	dt_seterr (uptr, DTB_END);			/* set ez flag, stop */
	return;  }
sim_cancel (uptr);					/* cancel cur op */
dt_substate = DTO_SOB;					/* substate = block start */
switch (fnc) {						/* case function */
case DTS_OFR:						/* off reel */
	if (dir) newpos = -1000;			/* rev? < start */
	else newpos = DTU_FWDEZ (uptr) + DT_EZLIN + 1000;	/* fwd? > end */
	break;
case FNC_MOVE:						/* move */
	dt_schedez (uptr, dir);				/* sched end zone */
	if (dt_log & LOG_MS) printf ("[DT%d: moving %s]\n", unum, (dir?
		"backward": "forward"));
	return;						/* done */
case FNC_SRCH:						/* search */
	if (dir) newpos = DT_BLK2LN ((DT_QFEZ (uptr)?
	    DTU_TSIZE (uptr): blk), uptr) - DT_BLKLN - DT_WSIZE;
	else newpos = DT_BLK2LN ((DT_QREZ (uptr)?
	    0: blk + 1), uptr) + DT_BLKLN + (DT_WSIZE - 1);
	if (dt_log & LOG_MS) printf ("[DT%d: searching %s]\n", unum,
	    (dir? "backward": "forward"));
	break;
case FNC_WRIT:						/* write */
case FNC_READ:						/* read */
case FNC_RALL:						/* read all */
case FNC_WALL:						/* write all */
	if (DT_QEZ (uptr)) {				/* in "ok" end zone? */
	    if (dir) newpos = DTU_FWDEZ (uptr) - DT_WSIZE;
	    else newpos = DT_EZLIN + (DT_WSIZE - 1);  }
	else {
	    newpos = ((uptr->pos) / DT_WSIZE) * DT_WSIZE;
	    if (!dir) newpos = newpos + (DT_WSIZE - 1);  }
	if ((dt_log & LOG_RA) || ((dt_log & LOG_BL) && (blk == dt_logblk)))
	    printf ("[DT%d: read all block %d %s%s\n",
		unum, blk, (dir? "backward": "forward"),
		((dtsa & DTA_MODE)? " continuous]": "]"));
	break;
default:
	dt_seterr (uptr, DTB_SEL);			/* bad state */
	return;  }
if ((fnc == FNC_WRIT) || (fnc == FNC_WALL)) {		/* write function? */
	dtsb = dtsb | DTB_DTF;				/* set data flag */
	DT_UPDINT;  }
sim_activate (uptr, ABS (newpos - ((int32) uptr->pos)) * dt_ltime);
return;
}

/* Update DECtape position

   DECtape motion is modeled as a constant velocity, with linear
   acceleration and deceleration.  The motion equations are as follows:

	t	=	time since operation started
	tmax	=	time for operation (accel, decel only)
	v	=	at speed velocity in lines (= 1/dt_ltime)

   Then:
	at speed dist =	t * v
	accel dist = (t^2 * v) / (2 * tmax)
	decel dist = (((2 * t * tmax) - t^2) * v) / (2 * tmax)

   This routine uses the relative (integer) time, rather than the absolute
   (floating point) time, to allow save and restore of the start times.
*/

t_bool dt_setpos (UNIT *uptr)
{
uint32 new_time, ut, ulin, udelt;
int32 mot = DTS_GETMOT (uptr->STATE);
int32 unum, delta;

new_time = sim_grtime ();				/* current time */
ut = new_time - uptr->LASTT;				/* elapsed time */
if (ut == 0) return FALSE;				/* no time gone? exit */
uptr->LASTT = new_time;					/* update last time */
switch (mot & ~DTS_DIR) {				/* case on motion */
case DTS_STOP:						/* stop */
	delta = 0;
	break;
case DTS_DECF:						/* slowing */
	ulin = ut / (uint32) dt_ltime; udelt = dt_dctime / dt_ltime;
	delta = ((ulin * udelt * 2) - (ulin * ulin)) / (2 * udelt);
	break;
case DTS_ACCF:						/* accelerating */
	ulin = ut / (uint32) dt_ltime; udelt = dt_actime / dt_ltime;
	delta = (ulin * ulin) / (2 * udelt);
	break;
case DTS_ATSF:						/* at speed */
	delta = ut / (uint32) dt_ltime;
	break;  }
if (mot & DTS_DIR) uptr->pos = uptr->pos - delta;	/* update pos */
else uptr->pos = uptr->pos + delta;
if (((int32) uptr->pos < 0) ||
    ((int32) uptr->pos > (DTU_FWDEZ (uptr) + DT_EZLIN))) {
	detach_unit (uptr);				/* off reel? */
	uptr->STATE = uptr->pos = 0;
	unum = uptr - dt_dev.units;
	if (unum == DTA_GETUNIT (dtsa))			/* if selected, */
	    dt_seterr (uptr, DTB_SEL);			/* error */
	return TRUE;  }
return FALSE;
}

/* Unit service

   Unit must be attached, detach cancels operation
*/

t_stat dt_svc (UNIT *uptr)
{
int32 mot = DTS_GETMOT (uptr->STATE);
int32 dir = mot & DTS_DIR;
int32 fnc = DTS_GETFNC (uptr->STATE);
int32 *bptr = uptr->filebuf;
int32 unum = uptr - dt_dev.units;
int32 blk, wrd, ma, relpos;
t_addr ba;

/* Motion cases

   Decelerating - if next state != stopped, must be accel reverse
   Accelerating - next state must be @speed, schedule function
   At speed - do functional processing
*/

switch (mot) {
case DTS_DECF: case DTS_DECR:				/* decelerating */
	if (dt_setpos (uptr)) return SCPE_OK;		/* update pos */
	uptr->STATE = DTS_NXTSTA (uptr->STATE);		/* advance state */
	if (uptr->STATE)				/* not stopped? */
	    sim_activate (uptr, dt_actime);		/* must be reversing */
	return SCPE_OK;
case DTS_ACCF: case DTS_ACCR:				/* accelerating */
	dt_newfnc (uptr, DTS_NXTSTA (uptr->STATE));	/* adv state, sched */
	return SCPE_OK;
case DTS_ATSF: case DTS_ATSR:				/* at speed */
	break;						/* check function */
default:						/* other */
	dt_seterr (uptr, DTB_SEL);			/* state error */
	return SCPE_OK;  }

/* Functional cases

   Move - must be at end zone
   Search - transfer block number, schedule next block
   Off reel - detach unit (it must be deselected)
*/

if (dt_setpos (uptr)) return SCPE_OK;			/* update pos */
if (DT_QEZ (uptr)) {					/* in end zone? */
	dt_seterr (uptr, DTB_END);			/* end zone error */
	return SCPE_OK;  }
blk = DT_LIN2BL (uptr->pos, uptr);			/* get block # */
switch (fnc) {						/* at speed, check fnc */
case FNC_MOVE:						/* move */
	dt_seterr (uptr, DTB_END);			/* end zone error */
	return SCPE_OK;
case DTS_OFR:						/* off reel */
	detach_unit (uptr);				/* must be deselected */
	uptr->STATE = uptr->pos = 0;			/* no visible action */
	break;

/* Search */

case FNC_SRCH:						/* search */
	if (dtsb & DTB_DTF) {				/* DTF set? */
	    dt_seterr (uptr, DTB_TIM);			/* timing error */
	    return SCPE_OK;  }
	sim_activate (uptr, DTU_LPERB (uptr) * dt_ltime);/* sched next block */
	dtdb = blk;					/* store block # */
	dtsb = dtsb | DTB_DTF;				/* set DTF */
	break;

/* Read and read all */

case FNC_READ: case FNC_RALL:
	if (dtsb & DTB_DTF) {				/* DTF set? */
	    dt_seterr (uptr, DTB_TIM);			/* timing error */
	    return SCPE_OK;  }
	sim_activate (uptr, DT_WSIZE * dt_ltime);	/* sched next word */
	relpos = DT_LIN2OF (uptr->pos, uptr);		/* cur pos in blk */
	if ((relpos >= DT_HTLIN) &&			/* in data zone? */
	    (relpos < (DTU_LPERB (uptr) - DT_HTLIN))) {
	    wrd = DT_LIN2WD (uptr->pos, uptr);
	    ba = (blk * DTU_BSIZE (uptr)) + wrd;
	    dtdb = bptr[ba];				/* get tape word */
	    dtsb = dtsb | DTB_DTF;  }			/* set flag */
	else {
	    ma = (2 * DT_HTWRD) + DTU_BSIZE (uptr) - DT_CSMWD - 1;
	    wrd = relpos / DT_WSIZE;			/* hdr start = wd 0 */
	    if ((wrd == 0) ||				/* skip 1st, last */
		(wrd == ((2 * DT_HTWRD) + DTU_BSIZE (uptr) - 1))) break;
	    if ((fnc == FNC_READ) &&			/* read, skip if not */
		(wrd != DT_CSMWD) &&			/* fwd, rev cksum */
		(wrd != ma)) break;
	    dtdb = dt_gethdr (uptr, blk, relpos);
	    if (wrd == (dir? DT_CSMWD: ma))		/* at end csum? */
		dtsb = dtsb | DTB_BEF;			/* end block */
	    else dtsb = dtsb | DTB_DTF;  }		/* else next word */
	if (dir) dtdb = dt_comobv (dtdb);
	break;

/* Write and write all */

case FNC_WRIT: case FNC_WALL:
	if (dtsb & DTB_DTF) {				/* DTF set? */
	    dt_seterr (uptr, DTB_TIM);			/* timing error */
	    return SCPE_OK;  }
	sim_activate (uptr, DT_WSIZE * dt_ltime);	/* sched next word */
	relpos = DT_LIN2OF (uptr->pos, uptr);		/* cur pos in blk */
	if ((relpos >= DT_HTLIN) &&			/* in data zone? */
    	    (relpos < (DTU_LPERB (uptr) - DT_HTLIN))) {
	    wrd = DT_LIN2WD (uptr->pos, uptr);
	    ba = (blk * DTU_BSIZE (uptr)) + wrd;
	    if (dir) bptr[ba] = dt_comobv (dtdb);	/* get data word */
	    else bptr[ba] = dtdb;
	    if (ba >= uptr->hwmark) uptr->hwmark = ba + 1;
	    if (wrd == (dir? 0: DTU_BSIZE (uptr) - 1))
		dtsb = dtsb | DTB_BEF;			/* end block */
	    else dtsb = dtsb | DTB_DTF;  }		/* else next word */
	else {
	    wrd = relpos / DT_WSIZE;			/* hdr start = wd 0 */
	    if ((wrd == 0) ||				/* skip 1st, last */
		(wrd == ((2 * DT_HTWRD) + DTU_BSIZE (uptr) - 1))) break;
	    if ((fnc == FNC_WRIT) &&			/* wr, skip if !csm */
		(wrd != ((2 * DT_HTWRD) + DTU_BSIZE (uptr) - DT_CSMWD - 1)))
		break;
	    dtsb = dtsb | DTB_DTF;  }			/* set flag */
	break;

default:
	dt_seterr (uptr, DTB_SEL);			/* impossible state */
	break;  }
DT_UPDINT;						/* update interrupts */
return SCPE_OK;
}

/* Utility routines */

/* Set error flag */

void dt_seterr (UNIT *uptr, int32 e)
{
int32 mot = DTS_GETMOT (uptr->STATE);

dtsa = dtsa & ~DTA_STSTP;				/* clear go */
dtsb = dtsb | DTB_ERF | e;				/* set error flag */
if (mot >= DTS_ACCF) {					/* ~stopped or stopping? */
	sim_cancel (uptr);				/* cancel activity */
	if (dt_setpos (uptr)) return;			/* update position */
	sim_activate (uptr, dt_dctime);			/* sched decel */
	DTS_SETSTA (DTS_DECF | (mot & DTS_DIR), 0);  }	/* state = decel */
DT_UPDINT;
return;
}

/* Schedule end zone */

void dt_schedez (UNIT *uptr, int32 dir)
{
int32 newpos;

if (dir) newpos = DT_EZLIN - DT_WSIZE;			/* rev? rev ez */
else newpos = DTU_FWDEZ (uptr) + DT_WSIZE;		/* fwd? fwd ez */
sim_activate (uptr, ABS (newpos - ((int32) uptr->pos)) * dt_ltime);
return;
}

/* Complement obverse routine */

int32 dt_comobv (int32 dat)
{
dat = dat ^ 0777777;					/* compl obverse */
dat = ((dat >> 15) & 07) | ((dat >> 9) & 070) |
	((dat >> 3) & 0700) | ((dat & 0700) << 3) |
	((dat & 070) << 9) | ((dat & 07) << 15);
return dat;
}

/* Checksum routine */

int32 dt_csum (UNIT *uptr, int32 blk)
{
int32 *bptr = uptr->filebuf;
int32 ba = blk * DTU_BSIZE (uptr);
int32 i, csum, wrd;

csum = 0777777;
for (i = 0; i < DTU_BSIZE (uptr); i++) {		/* loop thru buf */
	wrd = bptr[ba + i];				/* get word */
	csum = csum + wrd;				/* 1's comp add */
	if (csum > 0777777) csum = (csum + 1) & 0777777;  }
return (csum ^ 0777777);				/* 1's comp res */
}

/* Get header word */

int32 dt_gethdr (UNIT *uptr, int32 blk, int32 relpos)
{
int32 wrd = relpos / DT_WSIZE;

if (wrd == DT_BLKWD) return blk;			/* fwd blknum */
if (wrd == DT_CSMWD) return 0777777;			/* rev csum */
if (wrd == (2 * DT_HTWRD + DTU_BSIZE (uptr) - DT_CSMWD - 1))	/* fwd csum */
	return (dt_csum (uptr, blk));
if (wrd == (2 * DT_HTWRD + DTU_BSIZE (uptr) - DT_BLKWD - 1))	/* rev blkno */
	return dt_comobv (blk);
return 0;						/* all others */
}  

/* Reset routine */

t_stat dt_reset (DEVICE *dptr)
{
int32 i, prev_mot;
UNIT *uptr;

for (i = 0; i < DT_NUMDR; i++) {			/* stop all drives */
	uptr = dt_dev.units + i;
	if (sim_is_running) {				/* CAF? */
	    prev_mot = DTS_GETMOT (uptr->STATE);	/* get motion */
	    if ((prev_mot & ~DTS_DIR) > DTS_DECF) {	/* accel or spd? */
		if (dt_setpos (uptr)) continue;		/* update pos */
		sim_cancel (uptr);
		sim_activate (uptr, dt_dctime);		/* sched decel */
		DTS_SETSTA (DTS_DECF | (prev_mot & DTS_DIR), 0);
		}  }
	else {
	    sim_cancel (uptr);				/* sim reset */
	    uptr->STATE = 0;  
	    uptr->LASTT = sim_grtime ();  }  }
dtsa = dtsb = 0;					/* clear status */
DT_UPDINT;						/* reset interrupt */
return SCPE_OK;
}

/* IORS routine */

int32 dt_iors (void)
{
#if defined IOS_DTA
return ((dtsb & (DTB_ERF | DTB_DTF))? IOS_DTA: 0);
#else
return 0;
#endif
}

/* Attach routine

   Determine 12b, 16b, or 18b/36b format
   Allocate buffer
   If 12b, read 12b format and convert to 18b in buffer
   If 16b, read 16b format and convert to 18b in buffer
   If 18b/36b, read data into buffer
*/

t_stat dt_attach (UNIT *uptr, char *cptr)
{
uint16 pdp8b[D8_NBSIZE];
uint16 pdp11b[D18_BSIZE];
uint32 k, p, *bptr;
t_stat r;
t_addr ba;

r = attach_unit (uptr, cptr);				/* attach */
if (r != SCPE_OK) return r;				/* error? */
uptr->flags = uptr->flags & ~(UNIT_8FMT | UNIT_11FMT);	/* default 18b */
if (sim_switches & SWMASK ('R'))			/* att 12b? */
	uptr->flags = uptr->flags | UNIT_8FMT;
else if (sim_switches & SWMASK ('S'))			/* att 16b? */
	uptr->flags = uptr->flags | UNIT_11FMT;
else if (!(sim_switches & SWMASK ('T')) &&		/* autosize? */
	  (fseek (uptr->fileref, 0, SEEK_END) == 0) &&
	  ((p = ftell (uptr->fileref)) != 0)) {
	if (p == D8_FILSIZ) uptr->flags = uptr->flags | UNIT_8FMT;
	if (p == D11_FILSIZ) uptr->flags = uptr->flags | UNIT_11FMT;  }
uptr->capac = DTU_CAPAC (uptr);				/* set capacity */
uptr->filebuf = calloc (uptr->capac, sizeof (int32));
if (uptr->filebuf == NULL) {				/* can't alloc? */
	detach_unit (uptr);
	return SCPE_MEM;  }
bptr = uptr->filebuf;					/* file buffer */
if (uptr->flags & UNIT_8FMT) printf ("DT: 12b format");
else if (uptr->flags & UNIT_11FMT) printf ("DT: 16b format");
else printf ("DT: 18b/36b format");
printf (", buffering file in memory\n");
rewind (uptr->fileref);					/* start of file */
if (uptr->flags & UNIT_8FMT) {				/* 12b? */
	for (ba = 0; ba < uptr->capac; ) {		/* loop thru file */
	    k = fxread (pdp8b, sizeof (int16), D8_NBSIZE, uptr->fileref);
	    if (k == 0) break;
	    for ( ; k < D8_NBSIZE; k++) pdp8b[k] = 0;
	    for (k = 0; k < D8_NBSIZE; k = k + 3) {	/* loop thru blk */
		bptr[ba] = ((uint32) (pdp8b[k] & 07777) << 6) |
			((uint32) (pdp8b[k + 1] >> 6) & 077);
		bptr[ba + 1] = ((uint32) (pdp8b[k + 1] & 077) << 12) |
			(pdp8b[k + 2] & 07777);
		ba = ba + 2;  }				/* end blk loop */
	    }						/* end file loop */
	uptr->hwmark = ba;  }				/* end if */
else if (uptr->flags & UNIT_11FMT) {			/* 16b? */
	for (ba = 0; ba < uptr->capac; ) {		/* loop thru file */
	    k = fxread (pdp11b, sizeof (int16), D18_BSIZE, uptr->fileref);
	    if (k == 0) break;
	    for ( ; k < D18_BSIZE; k++) pdp11b[k] = 0;
	    for (k = 0; k < D18_BSIZE; k++)
		bptr[ba++] = pdp11b[k];  }
	uptr->hwmark = ba;  }				/* end elif */
else uptr->hwmark = fxread (uptr->filebuf, sizeof (int32),
	uptr->capac, uptr->fileref);
uptr->flags = uptr->flags | UNIT_BUF;			/* set buf flag */
uptr->pos = DT_EZLIN;					/* beyond leader */
uptr->LASTT = sim_grtime ();				/* last pos update */
return SCPE_OK;
}

/* Detach routine

   Cancel in progress operation
   If 12b, convert 18b buffer to 12b and write to file
   If 16b, convert 18b buffer to 16b and write to file
   If 18b/36b, write buffer to file
   Deallocate buffer
*/

t_stat dt_detach (UNIT* uptr)
{
uint16 pdp8b[D8_NBSIZE];
uint16 pdp11b[D18_BSIZE];
uint32 k, *bptr;
int32 unum = uptr - dt_dev.units;
t_addr ba;

if (!(uptr->flags & UNIT_ATT)) return SCPE_OK;
if (sim_is_active (uptr)) {
	sim_cancel (uptr);
	if ((unum == DTA_GETUNIT (dtsa)) && (dtsa & DTA_STSTP)) {
	    dtsb = dtsb | DTB_ERF | DTB_SEL | DTB_DTF;
	    DT_UPDINT;  }
	uptr->STATE = uptr->pos = 0;  }
bptr = uptr->filebuf;					/* file buffer */
if (uptr->hwmark && ((uptr->flags & UNIT_RO) == 0)) {	/* any data? */
	printf ("DT: writing buffer to file\n");
	rewind (uptr->fileref);				/* start of file */
	if (uptr->flags & UNIT_8FMT) {			/* 12b? */
	    for (ba = 0; ba < uptr->hwmark; ) {		/* loop thru file */
		for (k = 0; k < D8_NBSIZE; k = k + 3) {	/* loop blk */
		    pdp8b[k] = (bptr[ba] >> 6) & 07777;
		    pdp8b[k + 1] = ((bptr[ba] & 077) << 6) |
			((bptr[ba + 1] >> 12) & 077);
		    pdp8b[k + 2] = bptr[ba + 1] & 07777;
		    ba = ba + 2;  }			/* end loop blk */
		fxwrite (pdp8b, sizeof (int16), D8_NBSIZE, uptr->fileref);
		if (ferror (uptr->fileref)) break;  }	/* end loop file */
		}					/* end if 12b */
	else if (uptr->flags & UNIT_11FMT) {		/* 16b? */
	    for (ba = 0; ba < uptr->hwmark; ) {		/* loop thru file */
		for (k = 0; k < D18_BSIZE; k++)		/* loop blk */
		    pdp11b[k] = bptr[ba++] & 0177777;
	        fxwrite (pdp11b, sizeof (int16), D18_BSIZE, uptr->fileref);
	        if (ferror (uptr->fileref)) break;  }	/* end loop file */
	    }						/* end if 16b */
	else fxwrite (uptr->filebuf, sizeof (int32),	/* write file */
		uptr->hwmark, uptr->fileref);
	if (ferror (uptr->fileref)) perror ("I/O error");  }	/* end if hwmark */
free (uptr->filebuf);					/* release buf */
uptr->flags = uptr->flags & ~UNIT_BUF;			/* clear buf flag */
uptr->filebuf = NULL;					/* clear buf ptr */
uptr->flags = uptr->flags & ~(UNIT_8FMT | UNIT_11FMT);	/* default fmt */
uptr->capac = DT_CAPAC;					/* default size */
return detach_unit (uptr);
}