GRI/gri_doc.txt

To:	Users
From:	Bob Supnik
Subj:	GRI-909 Simulator Usage
Date:	15-Nov-2002

			COPYRIGHT NOTICE

The following copyright notice applies to both the SIMH source and binary:

   Original code published in 1993-2002, written by Robert M Supnik
   Copyright (c) 1993-2002, Robert M Supnik

   Permission is hereby granted, free of charge, to any person obtaining a
   copy of this software and associated documentation files (the "Software"),
   to deal in the Software without restriction, including without limitation
   the rights to use, copy, modify, merge, publish, distribute, sublicense,
   and/or sell copies of the Software, and to permit persons to whom the
   Software is furnished to do so, subject to the following conditions:

   The above copyright notice and this permission notice shall be included in
   all copies or substantial portions of the Software.

   THE SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED "AS IS", WITHOUT WARRANTY OF ANY KIND, EXPRESS OR
   IMPLIED, INCLUDING BUT NOT LIMITED TO THE WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY,
   FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE AND NONINFRINGEMENT.  IN NO EVENT SHALL
   ROBERT M SUPNIK BE LIABLE FOR ANY CLAIM, DAMAGES OR OTHER LIABILITY, WHETHER
   IN AN ACTION OF CONTRACT, TORT OR OTHERWISE, ARISING FROM, OUT OF OR IN
   CONNECTION WITH THE SOFTWARE OR THE USE OR OTHER DEALINGS IN THE SOFTWARE.

   Except as contained in this notice, the name of Robert M Supnik shall not
   be used in advertising or otherwise to promote the sale, use or other dealings
   in this Software without prior written authorization from Robert M Supnik.

This memorandum documents the GRI-909 simulator.


1. Simulator Files

sim/		sim_defs.h
		sim_rev.h
		sim_sock.h
		sim_tmxr.h
		scp.c
		scp_tty.c
		sim_sock.c
		sim_tmxr.c

sim/gri/	gri_defs.h
		gri_cpu.c
		gri_stddev.c
		gri_sys.c

2. GRI-909 Features

The GRI-909 is configured as follows:

device		simulates
name(s)

CPU		GRI-909 CPU with up to 32KW of memory
HSR		S42-004 high speed reader
HSP		S42-004 high speed punch
TTI		S42-001 Teletype input
TTO		S42-002 Teletype output
RTC		real-time clock

The GRI-909 simulator implements the following unique stop conditions:

	- an unimplemented operator is referenced, and register
	  STOP_OPR is set
	- an invalid interrupt request is made

The LOAD commands has an optional argument to specify the load address:

	LOAD <filename> {<starting address>}

The LOAD command loads a paper-tape bootstrap format file at the specified
address.  If no address is specified, loading starts at location 200.  The
DUMP command is not supported.

2.1 CPU

The only CPU options are the presence of the extended arithmetic operator
and the size of main memory.

	SET CPU EAO		enable extended arithmetic operator
	SET CPU NOEAO		disable extended arithmetic operator
	SET CPU 4K		set memory size = 4K
	SET CPU 8K		set memory size = 8K
	SET CPU 12K		set memory size = 12K
	SET CPU 16K		set memory size = 16K
	SET CPU 20K		set memory size = 20K
	SET CPU 24K		set memory size = 24K
	SET CPU 28K		set memory size = 28K
	SET CPU 32K		set memory size = 32K

If memory size is being reduced, and the memory being truncated contains
non-zero data, the simulator asks for confirmation.  Data in the truncated
portion of memory is lost.  Initial memory size is 32K.

CPU registers include the visible state of the processor as well as the
control registers for the interrupt system.

	name		size	comments

	SC		14	sequence counter
	AX		16	arithmetic operator input register 1
	AY		16	arithmetic operator input register 2
	AO		16	arithmetic operator output register
	TRP		16	TRP register
	MSR		16	machine status register
	ISR		16	interrupt status register
	BSW		16	byte swapper buffer
	BPK		16	byte packer buffer
	GR1..GR6	16	general registers 1 to 6
	BOV		1	bus overflow (MSR<15>)
	L		1	link (MSR<14>)
	FOA		2	arithmetic operator function (MSR<9:8>)
	AOV		1	arithmetic overflow (MSR<0>)
	IR		16	instruction register (read only)
	MA		16	memory address register (read only)
	SWR		16	switch register
	DR		16	display register
	THW		6	thumbwheels (selects operator displayed in DR)
	IREQ		16	interrupt requests
	ION		1	interrupts enabled
	INODEF		1	interrupts not deferred
	BKP		1	breakpoint request
	SCQ[0:63]	16	SC prior to last jump or interrupt;
				most recent SC change first
	STOP_OPR	1	stop on undefined operator
	WRU		8	interrupt character

2.2 Programmed I/O Devices

2.2.1 S42-004 High Speed Reader (HSR)

The paper tape reader (HSR) reads data from or a disk file.  The POS
register specifies the number of the next data item to be read.  Thus,
by changing POS, the user can backspace or advance the reader.

The paper tape reader implements these registers:

	name		size	comments

	BUF		8	last data item processed
	IRDY		1	device ready flag
	IENB		1	device interrupt enable flag
	POS		32	position in the input file
	TIME		24	time from I/O initiation to interrupt
	STOP_IOE	1	stop on I/O error

Error handling is as follows:

	error	     STOP_IOE	processed as

	not attached	1	report error and stop
			0	out of tape

	end of file	1	report error and stop
			0	out of tape

	OS I/O error	x	report error and stop

2.2.2 S42-006 High Speed Punch (HSP)

The paper tape punch (HSP) writes data to a disk file.  The POS
register specifies the number of the next data item to be written.
Thus, by changing POS, the user can backspace or advance the punch.

The paper tape punch implements these registers:

	name		size	comments

	BUF		8	last data item processed
	ORDY		1	device ready flag
	IENB		1	device interrupt enable flag
	POS		32	position in the output file
	TIME		24	time from I/O initiation to interrupt
	STOP_IOE	1	stop on I/O error

Error handling is as follows:

	error	     STOP_IOE	processed as

	not attached	1	report error and stop
			0	out of tape

	OS I/O error	x	report error and stop

2.2.3 S42-001 Teletype Input (TTI)

The Teletype interfaces (TTI, TTO) can be set to one of three modes:
KSR, 7B, or 8B.  In KSR mode, lower case input and output characters
are automatically converted to upper case, and the high order bit is
forced to one on input.  In 7B mode, input and output characters are
masked to 7 bits.  In 8B mode, characters are not modified.  Changing
the mode of either interface changes both.  The default mode is KSR.

The Teletype input (TTI) polls the console keyboard for input.  It
implements these registers:

	name		size	comments

	BUF		8	last data item processed
	IRDY		1	device ready flag
	IENB		1	device interrupt enable flag
	POS		32	position in the output file
	TIME		24	keyboard polling interval

2.2.4 S42-002 Teletype Output (TTO)

The Teletype output (TTO) writes to the simulator console window.  It
implements these registers:

	name		size	comments

	BUF		8	last data item processed
	ORDY		1	device ready flag
	IENB		1	device interrupt enable flag
	POS		32	number of characters output
	TIME		24	time from I/O initiation to interrupt

2.2.5 Real-Time Clock (RTC)

The real-time clock (CLK) implements these registers:

	name		size	comments

	RDY		1	device ready flag
	IENB		1	interrupt enable flag
	TIME		24	clock interval

The real-time clock autocalibrates; the clock interval is adjusted up or
down so that the clock tracks actual elapsed time.

2.3 Symbolic Display and Input

The GRI-909 simulator implements symbolic display and input.  Display is
controlled by command line switches:

	-a			display as ASCII character
	-c			display as packed ASCII characters
	-m			display instruction mnemonics

Input parsing is controlled by the first character typed in or by command
line switches:

	' or -a			ASCII character
	" or -c			two packed ASCII characters
	alphabetic		instruction mnemonic
	numeric			octal number

Instruction input uses modified GRI-909 basic assembler syntax.  There are
thirteen different instruction formats.  Operators, functions, and tests may
be octal or symbolic; jump conditions and bus operators are always symbolic.

Function out, general
	Syntax: 		FO function,operator
	Function symbols:	INP, IRDY, ORDY, STRT
	Example:		FO ORDY,TTO

Function out, named
	Syntax:			FO{M|I|A} function
	Function symbols:	M: CLL, CML, STL, HLT; I: ICF, ICO;
				A: ADD, AND, XOR, OR
	Example:		FOA XOR

Sense function, general
	Syntax:			SF operator,{NOT} tests
	Test symbols:		IRDY, ORDY
	Example:		SF HSR,IRDY

Sense function, named
	Syntax:			SF{M|A} {NOT} tests
	Test symbols:		M: POK BOV LNK; A: SOV AOV
	Example:		SFM NOT BOV

Register to register
	Syntax:			RR{C} src,{bus op,}dst
	Bus op symbols:		P1, L1, R1
	Example:		RRC AX,P1,AY

Zero to register
	Syntax:			ZR{C} {bus op,}dst
	Bus op symbols:		P1, L1, R1
	Example:		ZR P1,GR1

Register to self
	Syntax:			RS{C} dst{,bus op}
	Bus op symbols:		P1, L1, R1
	Example:		RS AX,L1

Jump unconditional or named condition
	Syntax:			J{U|O|N}{D} address
	Example:		JUD 1400

Jump conditional
	Syntax:			JC{D} src,cond,address
	Cond symbols:		NEVER,ALWAYS,ETZ,NEZ,LTZ,GEZ,LEZ,GTZ
	Example:		JC AX,LEZ,200

Register to memory
	syntax:			RM{I|D|ID} src,{bus op,}address
	Bus op symbols:		P1, L1, R1
	Example:		RMD AX,P1,1315

Zero to memory
	Syntax:			ZM{I|D|ID} {bus op,}address
	Bus op symbols:		P1, L1, R1
	Example:		ZM P1,5502

Memory to register
	Syntax:			MR{I|D|ID} address,{bus op,}dst
	Bus op symbols:		P1, L1, R1
	Example:		MRI 1405,GR6

Memory to self:
	Syntax:			MS{I|D|ID} address{,bus op}
	Bus op symbols:		P1, L1, R1
	Example:		MS 3333,P1