simh_swre.txt - emulators/simh - Rivoreo Source Code Repositories

 To:	Users
 From:	Bob Supnik
 Subj:	Sample Software Packages
 Date:	30-Sep-01

 This memorandum documents the sample software packages available to run
 with the SIMH simulators.  Many of these packages are available under
 limited use licenses; please read the license terms included with the
 software.

 The following copyright notice applies to both the SIMH source and binary:

    Original code published in 1993-2001, written by Robert M Supnik
    Copyright (c) 1993-2001, Robert M Supnik

    Permission is hereby granted, free of charge, to any person obtaining a
    copy of this software and associated documentation files (the "Software"),
    to deal in the Software without restriction, including without limitation
    the rights to use, copy, modify, merge, publish, distribute, sublicense,
    and/or sell copies of the Software, and to permit persons to whom the
    Software is furnished to do so, subject to the following conditions:

    The above copyright notice and this permission notice shall be included in
    all copies or substantial portions of the Software.

    THE SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED "AS IS", WITHOUT WARRANTY OF ANY KIND, EXPRESS OR
    IMPLIED, INCLUDING BUT NOT LIMITED TO THE WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY,
    FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE AND NONINFRINGEMENT.  IN NO EVENT SHALL
    ROBERT M SUPNIK BE LIABLE FOR ANY CLAIM, DAMAGES OR OTHER LIABILITY, WHETHER
    IN AN ACTION OF CONTRACT, TORT OR OTHERWISE, ARISING FROM, OUT OF OR IN
    CONNECTION WITH THE SOFTWARE OR THE USE OR OTHER DEALINGS IN THE SOFTWARE.

    Except as contained in this notice, the name of Robert M Supnik shall not
    be used in advertising or otherwise to promote the sale, use or other dealings
    in this Software without prior written authorization from Robert M Supnik.

 1. PDP-8

 1.1 ESI-X

 ESI-X is an interactive program for technical computation.  It can
 execute both immediate commands and stored programs (like BASIC).  ESI-X
 is provided as both source and as a binary loader format paper-tape
 image.  For more information see the documentation included with the
 program.  My thanks to Dave Waks, who wrote the program, and to Paul
 Pierce and Tim Litt, who recovered the source from its archival medium.

 To load and run ESI-X:

 	sim> load esix.bin
 	sim> run 5400
 	_TYPE 2+2.
 	       2+2 =     4

 1.2 FOCAL69

 FOCAL69 is an interactive program for technical computations.  It can
 execute both immediate commands and stored programs (like BASIC).  FOCAL69
 is provided as a binary loader format paper-tape image.  To load and
 run FOCAL69:

 	sim> load focal69.bin
 	sim> run 200
 	*TYPE 2+2
 	=    4.000*

 1.3 PDP-8 OS/8

 OS/8 is the PDP-8's mass storage-based operating system.  It provides a
 program development and execution environment for assembler, BASIC, and
 FORTRAN programs.  OS/8 is provided under license, as is, without fee, by
 Digital Equipment Corporation, for non-commercial use only.  Please read
 the enclosed license agreement for full terms and conditions.  This license
 agreement must be reproduced with any copy of the OS/8 disk images.  My
 thanks to Doug Jones of the University of Iowa, who provided the disk
 images, and to Digital Equipment Corporation, which provided the license.

 To boot and run OS/8:

 	sim> att rx0 os8sys_rx.dsk
 	sim> att rx1 os8f4_rx.dsk
 	sim> boot rx0

 	.DA dd-mmm-yy
 	.

 Note that OS/8 only recognizes upper case characters.  The first disk
 (drive 0) is the system disk; it also includes BASIC.  The second disk
 (drive 1) includes FORTRAN.

 1.4 PDP-8 TSS/8

 TSS/8 is the PDP-8's timesharing system.  It provides a program development
 and execution environment for assembler, BASIC, and FORTRAN programs.  TSS/8
 is provided as is, without fee, by Digital Equipment Corporation, for non-
 commercial use only.  My thanks to John Wilson of Dbit Inc, who provided
 the disk image and the initialization tape source.

 Loading TSS/8
 -------------

 Note: your environment must have a functioning second Teletype; that is, you cannot
 at present run Foreground/Background if your host system is VMS or OS/2.

 - Load the paper-tape bootstrap:

 	sim> load tss8_init.bin

 - Mount the TSS/8 disk image of the RF08:

 	sim> attach rf tss8_rf.dsk

 - Assign a TCP/IP port to the Telnet listener for the extra terminals:

 	sim> attach tti1 <port #>	-- 4000 typically works

 - Run the bootstrap:

 	sim> run 24200

 - TSS/8 will boot and go through its startup dialog

 	LOAD, DUMP, START, ETC? START
 	MONTH-DAY-YEAR: mm:dd:yy	-- numeric, yy in range [74:85]
 	HR:MIN - hh:mm			-- numeric, 24 hour format
 	(type cr to get attention)

 	.

   and is now ready for login.  The list of accounts and passwords:

 	 PPN  Password
 	[0,1]   VH3M
 	[0,2]   LXHE
 	[0,3]   SHUG
 	[77,77]
 	[1,10]  WBCN
 	[20,1]  DT
 	[20,2]  PT
 	[20,3]  TSS8
 	[20,4]  EDIT
 	[20,5]  4TH
 	[1,50]  JERK

 - Login using one of the existing accounts.  The login command won't echo:

 	.LOGIN 2 LXHE			-- privileged library account

 	TSS/8.24  JOB 01  [00,02]  K00    23:23:06

 	SYSTEM IS DOWN, INC.

 - The system is now ready for commands.  To get a directory listing:

 	.R CAT

 - Other users can log in by connecting, from a Telnet client, to localhost
   on the port specified in the attach tti1 command.

 2. PDP-11

 2.1 UNIX V5, V6, V7

 UNIX was first developed on the PDP-7; its first widespread usage was on
 the PDP-11.  UNIX provides a program development and execution environment
 for assembler and C programs.  UNIX V5, V7, V7 for the PDP-11 is provided
 under license, as is, without fee, by Santa Cruz Organization (SCO), for
 non-commercial use only.  Please read the enclosed license agreement for
 full terms and conditions.  This license must be reproduced with any copy
 of the UNIX V5, V6, V7 disk images.  My thanks to PUPS, the PDP-11 UNIX
 Preservation Society of Australia, which provided the disk images, and to
 SCO, which provided the license.

 2.1.1 UNIX V5

 UNIX V5 is contained on a single RK05 disk image.  To boot UNIX:

 	sim> set cpu 18b
 	sim> att rk0 unix_v5_rk.dsk
 	sim> boot rk
 	@unix
 	login: root
 	#ls -l

 2.1.2 UNIX V6

 UNIX V6 is contained on three RK05 disk images.  To boot UNIX:

 	sim> set cpu 18b
 	sim> att rk0 unix0_v6_rk.dsk
 	sim> att rk1 unix1_v6_rk.dsk
 	sim> att rk3 unix3_v6_rk.dsk
 	sim> boot rk0
 	@unix
 	login: root
 	# ls -l

 2.1.3 UNIX V7

 NOTE: The V7 disk images with V2.3c and later releases are new and
 replace the prior versions, which were corrupt.

 UNIX V7 is contained on a single RL02 disk image.  To boot UNIX:

 	sim> set cpu 18b
 	sim> set rl0 RL02
 	sim> att rl0 unix_v7_rl.dsk
 	sim> boot rl0
 	@boot
 	New Boot, known devices are hp ht rk rl rp tm vt
 	: rl(0,0)rl2unix
 	#

 A smaller image is contained on a single RK05 disk image.  To boot UNIX:

 	sim> set cpu 18b
 	sim> att rk0 unix_v7_rk.dsk
 	sim> boot rk0
 	@boot
 	New Boot, known devices are hp ht rk rl rp tm vt
 	: rk(0,0)rkunix
 	# STTY -LCASE
 	#

 2.2 RT-11

 RT-11 is the PDP-11's single user operating system.  It provides a program
 development and execution environment for assembler, BASIC, and FORTRAN
 programs.  RT-11 is provided under license, as is, without fee, by Mentec
 Corporation, for non-commercial use ONLY ON THIS SIMULATOR.  Please read
 the enclosed license agreement for full terms and conditions.  This license
 agreement must be reproduced with any copy of the RT-11 disk image.  My
 thanks to John Wilson, a private collector, who provided the disk image
 for RT-11 V4; to Megan Gentry, of Digital Equipment Corporation, who
 provided the disk image for RT-11 V5.3; and to Mentec Corporation, which
 provided the license.

 2.2.1 RT-11 V4

 RT-11 is contained in a single RK05 disk image.  To boot and run RT-11:

 	sim> att rk0 rtv4_rk.dsk
 	sim> boot rk0

 For RL, RM, and RP series disks, RT-11 expects to find a manufacturer's bad
 block table in the last track of the disk.  Therefore, INITialization of a
 new (all zero's) disk fails, because there is no valid bad block table.  To
 create a minimal bad block table, use the SET <unit> BADBLOCK command.

 2.2.2 RT-11 V5.3

 RT-11 is contained in a single RL02 disk image.  To boot and run RT-11:

 	sim> set rl0 rl02
 	sim> att rl0 rtv53_rl.dsk
 	sim> boot rl0

 This is a full RT-11 distribution kit.  It expects the user to copy the
 distribution pack and generate a new system.  This requires mounting
 blank packs on RL1.  When a blank pack is attached to the simulator,
 a bad block table must be created with the SET <unit> BADBLOCK command.

 3. Nova RDOS

 RDOS is the Nova's real-time mass storage operating system.  It provides a
 program development and execution environment for assembler, BASIC, and
 FORTRAN programs.  RDOS is provided under license, as is, without fee, by
 Data General Corporation, for non-commercial use only.  Please read the
 enclosed license agreement for full terms and conditions.  This license
 agreement must be reproduced with any copy of the RDOS disk image.  My
 thanks to Carl Friend, a private collector, who provided the disk image,
 and to Data General Corporation, which provided the license.

 To boot and run RDOS:

 	sim> att dp0 rdos_d31.dsk
 	sim> set tti dasher
 	sim> boot dp0
 	FILENAME? (cr)
 	DATE (mm/dd/yy)? xx/yy/zz
 	TIME (hh:mm:ss)? hh:mm:ss
 	R
 	list/e

 4. PDP-1 LISP

 PDP-1 LISP is an interactive interpreter for the Lisp language.  It can
 execute both interactive commands and stored programs.  The startup
 instructions for LISP are complicated; see the documentation included
 with the program for details.  My thanks to Peter Deutsch, who wrote the
 program, to Gordon Greene, who typed it in from a printed listing, and
 to Paul McJones, who helped with the final debug process.

 5. PDP-7 SIM8

 PDP-7 SIM8 is a PDP-8 simulator for the PDP-7.  It implements an 8K
 PDP-8/I with keyboard, teleprinter, reader, punch, and line printer.
 It provides an interactive console environment for control and debug
 of the simulated PDP-8.  For more information see the documentation
 included with the program.  My thanks to Dave Waks, who wrote the
 program, and to Paul Pierce and Tim Litt, who recovered the source
 from its archival medium.

 To load and run SIM8:

 	sim> load sim8.rim
 	sim> run
 	AC/ 0000

 6. PDP-15

 6.1 FOCAL

 FOCAL15 is an interactive program for technical computations.  It can
 execute both immediate commands and stored programs (like BASIC).  FOCAL15
 is provided as a binary loader format paper-tape image.  My thanks to Al
 Kossow, who provided the binary image.  To load and run FOCAL15:

 	sim> load focal15.bin
 	sim> run
 	*TYPE FSQT(2),!
 	=    1.4142
 	*

 6.2 Advanced Software System/Keyboard Monitor

 The Advanced Software System Keyboard Monitor is the simplest mass storage
 monitor for the PDP-15.  It offers single-user program development and
 execution capabilities.  To load and run ADSS/KM-15:

 - Load the paper-tape bootstrap into upper memory:

 	sim> load dec-15u.rim 77637

   You <must> specify the load address.

 - Verify that the bootstrap loaded correctly:

 	sim> ex pc
 	PC:	077646

 - Mount the Advanced Software System DECtape image on DECtape unit 0:

 	sim> attach dt adss15_32k.dtp

 - Run the bootstrap:

 	sim> run

 - The DECtape will boot and print out

 	KMS9-15 V5B000
 	$

   and is now ready for commands.  Recognized commands include:

 	D	list system device directory
 	I	list available commands
 	R	list device assignments
 	SCOM	list systems communication region

 - To run Focal, assign unused DAT slot 10 and then load Focal

 	$A LPA0 10
 	$GLOAD
 	LOADER V5B000
 	>_FOCAL<altmode = control-[>
 	FOCAL V9A
 	*TYPE 2+2,!
 	    4.0000
 	*

 6.3 Advanced Software System/Foreground Background

 Foreground/Background System
 ----------------------------

 Note: your environment must have a functioning second Teletype; that is, you cannot
 at present run Foreground/Background if your host system is VMS or OS/2.

 - Load the paper-tape bootstrap into upper memory:

 	sim> load dec-15u.rim 77637

   You <must> specify the load address.

 - Verify that the bootstrap loaded correctly:

 	sim> ex pc
 	PC:	077646

 - Mount the Advanced Software System DECtape image on DECtape unit 0:

 	sim> attach dt fb15_32k.dtp

 - Turn on the API option:

 	sim> set cpu api

 - Assign a TCP/IP port to the Telnet listener for the second terminal:

 	sim> assign tti1 <port #>	-- 4000 typically works

 - Start a Telnet client to act as the second terminal and connect to
   localhost on the specified port.

 - Run the bootstrap:

 	sim> run

 - The DECtape will boot and print out

 	F9/15 V4A
 	$

   and is now ready for commands.  Recognized commands include:

 	D 0	list system device directory
 	R	list device assignments

 - To activate the background, load IDLE into the foreground:

 	$A DTA0 -4
 	$GLOAD
 	FGLOAD V2A
 	>_IDLE<altmode = control-[>

   Background terminal responds with

 	B9/15 V4A
 	$

    and is now ready for commands.


 7. IBM 1401

 7.1 Single Card "Koans"

 One of the art forms for the IBM 1401 was packing useful programs into a
 single punched card.  Three samples are included:

 i1401_ctolp.cd		prints a card deck on the line printer
 i1401_ctopu.cd		copies a card deck to the card punch
 i1401_hello.cd		prints "HELLO WORLD" on the line printer and stops

 To use the reproduction cards, simply insert them at the beginning of a
 text file, terminated by newline.  Attach the modified file to the card
 reader, attach a blank file to the output device, and boot the card reader.

 7.2 Diagnostic Tape

 The software and writeup were provided by Charles Owens.

 This 1401 Diagnostics tape is a bootable tape containing a series of 1401
 diagnostics dating from about 1962.  The 1407 Inquiry console is not used;
 all control is via the front panel.

 To run in the simulator, attach thusly:

 	sim> attach mt1 1401diag.mt
 	sim> attach lpt errorlist.txt
 	sim> boot mt1

 The simulator will halt with IS = 433.  At this point, you can set options
 through the sense switches and memory.

 D 1252 "1"	Will cause headings to print for each test run.
 		Otherwise no printing will occur unless there are errors.

 D SSB 1		Loop if an error is detected.

 D SSC 1		Prints all test cases not just errors.

 D SSD 1		Repeat the test run over and over.

 D SSE 1		Halt if any error is detected, otherwise continue.

 When you continue from this halt (use C to CON), the simulator will halt
 at 3001.  Enter C again and the tape will spin thru a series of basic
 CPU diagnostics.

 7.3 SPS

 The software and writeup were provided by Charles Owens.

 sps1.obj and sps2.obj are the object card decks are the "Symbolic
 Programming System", a primitive assembler for the 1401 that predates
 the better known and more functional Autocoder.

 To use SPS, write an SPS program using your favourite editor (two
 examples are provided, hello.sps and diaglist.sps).  SPS decks are
 not free-format, but operands must be placed in columns:

  1 -  5	Line Count (optional)
  6 -  7 Count (number of characters when defining a constant).
  8 - 13 Label (six characters must start with alphabetic).
 14 - 16 Opcode: Examples:
 		A = Add
 		B = Branch (must be d-mod for conditional)
 		BWZ = Branch if Wordmark or Zone
 		C = Compare
 		CC = Carriage Control (printer)
 		CS = CLear Storage
 		CU = Control Unit (e.g. tape)
 		CW = Clear Workmark
 		D = Divide
 		DC = Define Constant (no wordmark)
 		DCW = Define Constant (starts in 24, length in 6-7)
 		END = End of program
 		LCA = Load Characters
 		H = Halt
 		M = Multiply
 		MCE = Move and Edit
 		MCS = Move and Supress Zeros
 		MCW = Move Characters
 		MN = Move Numeric
 		MZ = Move Zone
 		ORG = Define Origin Point
 		P = Punch Card
 		R = Read Card
 		S = Subtract
 		SS = Stacker Select
 		SW = Set Wordmark
 		W = Write Line
 		ZA = Zero and Add
 		ZS = Zero and Subtract
 	Tape:
 		MCW %UX YYY W	Write Tape from addr YYY w/o wordmarks)
 		LCA %UX YYY W	Write Tape, Unit X from addr YYY w/wordmarks)
 		MCW %UX YYY R	Read Tape from addr YYY w/o wordmarks)
 		LCA %UX YYY R	Read Tape, Unit X from addr YYY w/wordmarks)
 		CU %UX M	Write Tape Mark
 		CU %UX E	Skip and Blank Tape
 		CU %UX B	Backspace Record
 		CU %UX R	Rewind Tape
 		CU %UX U	Rewind and Unlaod tape
 17 - 22 Address for A-operand (label or 4-digit actual address)
 23 - 23 blank, + or - to adjust A-operand by a constant
 24 - 26 3-digit number to adjust A-operand by if 23 is + or -
 27 - 27 Index (?)
 28 - 33 Address for B-operand
 34 - 34 Blank, + or -
 35 - 37 3-digit number of adjust B-address by if 34 is + or -
 38 - 38 Index (?)
 39 - 39 D-modifier for this instruction.  Notes:
 		/ = Compare is unequal
 		S = Branch if Compare Equal
 		T = B is less than A
 		U = B is greater than A
 		L = Tape read error
 		K = Tape end of reel
 40 - 55 Comments

 The SPS deck should start with an ORG operation to specify where in storage
 the program starts, and end with an END card, with an optional A-operand
 showing where to start execution.

 To assemble an SPS program, place the SPS source between the SPS1.OBJ and
 the SPS2.OBJ deck, and another copy of the same source after the SPS2.OBJ
 deck (SPS is a two-pass assembler).  SPS prints a listing on LPT and punches
 an object deck on CDP, ready to run.

 A UNIX command script to assemble an SPS deck painlessly is in "sps".  To
 use the script, enter "sps programname".  The script creates programname.lst
 for the listing and programname.obj for the object deck.  Windows users
 are out of luck, for now.

 8.  HP2116 16K BASIC

 HP BASIC is a paper-tape centric implementation of BASIC for a 16KW
 HP2116.  Device numbers correspond to the default simulator settings:

 	PTR	=	10
 	TTY	=	11
 	PTP	=	12

 The program is a complete but early BASIC and has one unsual requirement:
 all programs must include a valid END statement to run correctly.  My
 thanks to Jeff Moffatt for providing the program.

 To load and run BASIC:

 	sim> load basic1.abs
 	sim> run 100
 	READY
 	10 PRINT SQR(2)
 	20 END
 	RUN
 	 1.41421

 9. PDP-9/PDP-15 Advanced Software System/Keyboard Monitor

 The Advanced Software System was a family of operating systems for the
 PDP-9 and PDP-15, ranging from a paper-tape basic system, through the
 DECtape or disk based Keyboard Monitor, through the Foreground/Background
 Monitor, to DOS-15.  To run ADSS/KM from simulated DECtape:

 - On the PDP-9 (only), initialize extend mode to on:

 	sim> d extm_init 1

 - Load the paper-tape bootstrap into upper memory:

 	sim> load dec-15u.rim 77637

 - Verify that the bootstrap loaded correctly:

 	sim> ex pc
 	PC:	077646

 - Mount the Advanced Software System DECtape image on DECtape unit 0:

 	sim> attach dt adss15_32k.dtp

 - Run the bootstrap:

 	sim> run

 - The DECtape will boot and print out

 	KMS9-15 V5B000
 	$

    and is now ready for commands.  Recognized commands include:

 	D	list system device directory
 	I	list available commands
 	R	list device assignments
 	SCOM	list systems communication region

 - To run Focal, assign unused DAT slot 10 and then load Focal

 	$A LPA0 10
 	$GLOAD
 	LOADER V5B000
 	>_FOCAL<altmode = control-[>
 	FOCAL V9A
 	*TYPE 2+2,!
 	    4.0000
 	*

 10. PDP-10 TOPS-10 7.03, TOPS-20 V4.1

 TOPS-10 was the primary time-shared operating system for the PDP-10.
 TOPS-20 was a popular alternative derived from the BBN TENEX system.
 Installation and distribution tapes for TOPS-10 7.03 and TOPS-20 4.1
 are available at http://pdp-10.trailing-edge.com.

 [end simh_swre.txt]
	To: Users
	From: Bob Supnik
	Subj: Sample Software Packages
	Date: 30-Sep-01

	This memorandum documents the sample software packages available to run
	with the SIMH simulators. Many of these packages are available under
	limited use licenses; please read the license terms included with the
	software.

	The following copyright notice applies to both the SIMH source and binary:

	Original code published in 1993-2001, written by Robert M Supnik
	Copyright (c) 1993-2001, Robert M Supnik

	Permission is hereby granted, free of charge, to any person obtaining a
	copy of this software and associated documentation files (the "Software"),
	to deal in the Software without restriction, including without limitation
	the rights to use, copy, modify, merge, publish, distribute, sublicense,
	and/or sell copies of the Software, and to permit persons to whom the
	Software is furnished to do so, subject to the following conditions:

	The above copyright notice and this permission notice shall be included in
	all copies or substantial portions of the Software.

	THE SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED "AS IS", WITHOUT WARRANTY OF ANY KIND, EXPRESS OR
	IMPLIED, INCLUDING BUT NOT LIMITED TO THE WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY,
	FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE AND NONINFRINGEMENT. IN NO EVENT SHALL
	ROBERT M SUPNIK BE LIABLE FOR ANY CLAIM, DAMAGES OR OTHER LIABILITY, WHETHER
	IN AN ACTION OF CONTRACT, TORT OR OTHERWISE, ARISING FROM, OUT OF OR IN
	CONNECTION WITH THE SOFTWARE OR THE USE OR OTHER DEALINGS IN THE SOFTWARE.

	Except as contained in this notice, the name of Robert M Supnik shall not
	be used in advertising or otherwise to promote the sale, use or other dealings
	in this Software without prior written authorization from Robert M Supnik.

	1. PDP-8

	1.1 ESI-X

	ESI-X is an interactive program for technical computation. It can
	execute both immediate commands and stored programs (like BASIC). ESI-X
	is provided as both source and as a binary loader format paper-tape
	image. For more information see the documentation included with the
	program. My thanks to Dave Waks, who wrote the program, and to Paul
	Pierce and Tim Litt, who recovered the source from its archival medium.

	To load and run ESI-X:

	sim> load esix.bin
	sim> run 5400
	_TYPE 2+2.
	2+2 = 4

	1.2 FOCAL69

	FOCAL69 is an interactive program for technical computations. It can
	execute both immediate commands and stored programs (like BASIC). FOCAL69
	is provided as a binary loader format paper-tape image. To load and
	run FOCAL69:

	sim> load focal69.bin
	sim> run 200
	*TYPE 2+2
	= 4.000*

	1.3 PDP-8 OS/8

	OS/8 is the PDP-8's mass storage-based operating system. It provides a
	program development and execution environment for assembler, BASIC, and
	FORTRAN programs. OS/8 is provided under license, as is, without fee, by
	Digital Equipment Corporation, for non-commercial use only. Please read
	the enclosed license agreement for full terms and conditions. This license
	agreement must be reproduced with any copy of the OS/8 disk images. My
	thanks to Doug Jones of the University of Iowa, who provided the disk
	images, and to Digital Equipment Corporation, which provided the license.

	To boot and run OS/8:

	sim> att rx0 os8sys_rx.dsk
	sim> att rx1 os8f4_rx.dsk
	sim> boot rx0

	.DA dd-mmm-yy
	.

	Note that OS/8 only recognizes upper case characters. The first disk
	(drive 0) is the system disk; it also includes BASIC. The second disk
	(drive 1) includes FORTRAN.

	1.4 PDP-8 TSS/8

	TSS/8 is the PDP-8's timesharing system. It provides a program development
	and execution environment for assembler, BASIC, and FORTRAN programs. TSS/8
	is provided as is, without fee, by Digital Equipment Corporation, for non-
	commercial use only. My thanks to John Wilson of Dbit Inc, who provided
	the disk image and the initialization tape source.

	Loading TSS/8
	-------------

	Note: your environment must have a functioning second Teletype; that is, you cannot
	at present run Foreground/Background if your host system is VMS or OS/2.

	- Load the paper-tape bootstrap:

	sim> load tss8_init.bin

	- Mount the TSS/8 disk image of the RF08:

	sim> attach rf tss8_rf.dsk

	- Assign a TCP/IP port to the Telnet listener for the extra terminals:

	sim> attach tti1 <port #> -- 4000 typically works

	- Run the bootstrap:

	sim> run 24200

	- TSS/8 will boot and go through its startup dialog

	LOAD, DUMP, START, ETC? START
	MONTH-DAY-YEAR: mm:dd:yy -- numeric, yy in range [74:85]
	HR:MIN - hh:mm -- numeric, 24 hour format
	(type cr to get attention)

	.

	and is now ready for login. The list of accounts and passwords:

	PPN Password
	[0,1] VH3M
	[0,2] LXHE
	[0,3] SHUG
	[77,77]
	[1,10] WBCN
	[20,1] DT
	[20,2] PT
	[20,3] TSS8
	[20,4] EDIT
	[20,5] 4TH
	[1,50] JERK

	- Login using one of the existing accounts. The login command won't echo:

	.LOGIN 2 LXHE -- privileged library account

	TSS/8.24 JOB 01 [00,02] K00 23:23:06

	SYSTEM IS DOWN, INC.

	- The system is now ready for commands. To get a directory listing:

	.R CAT

	- Other users can log in by connecting, from a Telnet client, to localhost
	on the port specified in the attach tti1 command.

	2. PDP-11

	2.1 UNIX V5, V6, V7

	UNIX was first developed on the PDP-7; its first widespread usage was on
	the PDP-11. UNIX provides a program development and execution environment
	for assembler and C programs. UNIX V5, V7, V7 for the PDP-11 is provided
	under license, as is, without fee, by Santa Cruz Organization (SCO), for
	non-commercial use only. Please read the enclosed license agreement for
	full terms and conditions. This license must be reproduced with any copy
	of the UNIX V5, V6, V7 disk images. My thanks to PUPS, the PDP-11 UNIX
	Preservation Society of Australia, which provided the disk images, and to
	SCO, which provided the license.

	2.1.1 UNIX V5

	UNIX V5 is contained on a single RK05 disk image. To boot UNIX:

	sim> set cpu 18b
	sim> att rk0 unix_v5_rk.dsk
	sim> boot rk
	@unix
	login: root
	#ls -l

	2.1.2 UNIX V6

	UNIX V6 is contained on three RK05 disk images. To boot UNIX:

	sim> set cpu 18b
	sim> att rk0 unix0_v6_rk.dsk
	sim> att rk1 unix1_v6_rk.dsk
	sim> att rk3 unix3_v6_rk.dsk
	sim> boot rk0
	@unix
	login: root
	# ls -l

	2.1.3 UNIX V7

	NOTE: The V7 disk images with V2.3c and later releases are new and
	replace the prior versions, which were corrupt.

	UNIX V7 is contained on a single RL02 disk image. To boot UNIX:

	sim> set cpu 18b
	sim> set rl0 RL02
	sim> att rl0 unix_v7_rl.dsk
	sim> boot rl0
	@boot
	New Boot, known devices are hp ht rk rl rp tm vt
	: rl(0,0)rl2unix
	#

	A smaller image is contained on a single RK05 disk image. To boot UNIX:

	sim> set cpu 18b
	sim> att rk0 unix_v7_rk.dsk
	sim> boot rk0
	@boot
	New Boot, known devices are hp ht rk rl rp tm vt
	: rk(0,0)rkunix
	# STTY -LCASE
	#

	2.2 RT-11

	RT-11 is the PDP-11's single user operating system. It provides a program
	development and execution environment for assembler, BASIC, and FORTRAN
	programs. RT-11 is provided under license, as is, without fee, by Mentec
	Corporation, for non-commercial use ONLY ON THIS SIMULATOR. Please read
	the enclosed license agreement for full terms and conditions. This license
	agreement must be reproduced with any copy of the RT-11 disk image. My
	thanks to John Wilson, a private collector, who provided the disk image
	for RT-11 V4; to Megan Gentry, of Digital Equipment Corporation, who
	provided the disk image for RT-11 V5.3; and to Mentec Corporation, which
	provided the license.

	2.2.1 RT-11 V4

	RT-11 is contained in a single RK05 disk image. To boot and run RT-11:

	sim> att rk0 rtv4_rk.dsk
	sim> boot rk0

	For RL, RM, and RP series disks, RT-11 expects to find a manufacturer's bad
	block table in the last track of the disk. Therefore, INITialization of a
	new (all zero's) disk fails, because there is no valid bad block table. To
	create a minimal bad block table, use the SET <unit> BADBLOCK command.

	2.2.2 RT-11 V5.3

	RT-11 is contained in a single RL02 disk image. To boot and run RT-11:

	sim> set rl0 rl02
	sim> att rl0 rtv53_rl.dsk
	sim> boot rl0

	This is a full RT-11 distribution kit. It expects the user to copy the
	distribution pack and generate a new system. This requires mounting
	blank packs on RL1. When a blank pack is attached to the simulator,
	a bad block table must be created with the SET <unit> BADBLOCK command.

	3. Nova RDOS

	RDOS is the Nova's real-time mass storage operating system. It provides a
	program development and execution environment for assembler, BASIC, and
	FORTRAN programs. RDOS is provided under license, as is, without fee, by
	Data General Corporation, for non-commercial use only. Please read the
	enclosed license agreement for full terms and conditions. This license
	agreement must be reproduced with any copy of the RDOS disk image. My
	thanks to Carl Friend, a private collector, who provided the disk image,
	and to Data General Corporation, which provided the license.

	To boot and run RDOS:

	sim> att dp0 rdos_d31.dsk
	sim> set tti dasher
	sim> boot dp0
	FILENAME? (cr)
	DATE (mm/dd/yy)? xx/yy/zz
	TIME (hh:mm:ss)? hh:mm:ss
	R
	list/e

	4. PDP-1 LISP

	PDP-1 LISP is an interactive interpreter for the Lisp language. It can
	execute both interactive commands and stored programs. The startup
	instructions for LISP are complicated; see the documentation included
	with the program for details. My thanks to Peter Deutsch, who wrote the
	program, to Gordon Greene, who typed it in from a printed listing, and
	to Paul McJones, who helped with the final debug process.

	5. PDP-7 SIM8

	PDP-7 SIM8 is a PDP-8 simulator for the PDP-7. It implements an 8K
	PDP-8/I with keyboard, teleprinter, reader, punch, and line printer.
	It provides an interactive console environment for control and debug
	of the simulated PDP-8. For more information see the documentation
	included with the program. My thanks to Dave Waks, who wrote the
	program, and to Paul Pierce and Tim Litt, who recovered the source
	from its archival medium.

	To load and run SIM8:

	sim> load sim8.rim
	sim> run
	AC/ 0000

	6. PDP-15

	6.1 FOCAL

	FOCAL15 is an interactive program for technical computations. It can
	execute both immediate commands and stored programs (like BASIC). FOCAL15
	is provided as a binary loader format paper-tape image. My thanks to Al
	Kossow, who provided the binary image. To load and run FOCAL15:

	sim> load focal15.bin
	sim> run
	*TYPE FSQT(2),!
	= 1.4142
	*

	6.2 Advanced Software System/Keyboard Monitor

	The Advanced Software System Keyboard Monitor is the simplest mass storage
	monitor for the PDP-15. It offers single-user program development and
	execution capabilities. To load and run ADSS/KM-15:

	- Load the paper-tape bootstrap into upper memory:

	sim> load dec-15u.rim 77637

	You <must> specify the load address.

	- Verify that the bootstrap loaded correctly:

	sim> ex pc
	PC: 077646

	- Mount the Advanced Software System DECtape image on DECtape unit 0:

	sim> attach dt adss15_32k.dtp

	- Run the bootstrap:

	sim> run

	- The DECtape will boot and print out

	KMS9-15 V5B000
	$

	and is now ready for commands. Recognized commands include:

	D list system device directory
	I list available commands
	R list device assignments
	SCOM list systems communication region

	- To run Focal, assign unused DAT slot 10 and then load Focal

	$A LPA0 10
	$GLOAD
	LOADER V5B000
	>_FOCAL<altmode = control-[>
	FOCAL V9A
	*TYPE 2+2,!
	4.0000
	*

	6.3 Advanced Software System/Foreground Background

	Foreground/Background System
	----------------------------

	Note: your environment must have a functioning second Teletype; that is, you cannot
	at present run Foreground/Background if your host system is VMS or OS/2.

	- Load the paper-tape bootstrap into upper memory:

	sim> load dec-15u.rim 77637

	You <must> specify the load address.

	- Verify that the bootstrap loaded correctly:

	sim> ex pc
	PC: 077646

	- Mount the Advanced Software System DECtape image on DECtape unit 0:

	sim> attach dt fb15_32k.dtp

	- Turn on the API option:

	sim> set cpu api

	- Assign a TCP/IP port to the Telnet listener for the second terminal:

	sim> assign tti1 <port #> -- 4000 typically works

	- Start a Telnet client to act as the second terminal and connect to
	localhost on the specified port.

	- Run the bootstrap:

	sim> run

	- The DECtape will boot and print out

	F9/15 V4A
	$

	and is now ready for commands. Recognized commands include:

	D 0 list system device directory
	R list device assignments

	- To activate the background, load IDLE into the foreground:

	$A DTA0 -4
	$GLOAD
	FGLOAD V2A
	>_IDLE<altmode = control-[>

	Background terminal responds with

	B9/15 V4A
	$

	and is now ready for commands.


	7. IBM 1401

	7.1 Single Card "Koans"

	One of the art forms for the IBM 1401 was packing useful programs into a
	single punched card. Three samples are included:

	i1401_ctolp.cd prints a card deck on the line printer
	i1401_ctopu.cd copies a card deck to the card punch
	i1401_hello.cd prints "HELLO WORLD" on the line printer and stops

	To use the reproduction cards, simply insert them at the beginning of a
	text file, terminated by newline. Attach the modified file to the card
	reader, attach a blank file to the output device, and boot the card reader.

	7.2 Diagnostic Tape

	The software and writeup were provided by Charles Owens.

	This 1401 Diagnostics tape is a bootable tape containing a series of 1401
	diagnostics dating from about 1962. The 1407 Inquiry console is not used;
	all control is via the front panel.

	To run in the simulator, attach thusly:

	sim> attach mt1 1401diag.mt
	sim> attach lpt errorlist.txt
	sim> boot mt1

	The simulator will halt with IS = 433. At this point, you can set options
	through the sense switches and memory.

	D 1252 "1" Will cause headings to print for each test run.
	Otherwise no printing will occur unless there are errors.

	D SSB 1 Loop if an error is detected.

	D SSC 1 Prints all test cases not just errors.

	D SSD 1 Repeat the test run over and over.

	D SSE 1 Halt if any error is detected, otherwise continue.

	When you continue from this halt (use C to CON), the simulator will halt
	at 3001. Enter C again and the tape will spin thru a series of basic
	CPU diagnostics.

	7.3 SPS

	The software and writeup were provided by Charles Owens.

	sps1.obj and sps2.obj are the object card decks are the "Symbolic
	Programming System", a primitive assembler for the 1401 that predates
	the better known and more functional Autocoder.

	To use SPS, write an SPS program using your favourite editor (two
	examples are provided, hello.sps and diaglist.sps). SPS decks are
	not free-format, but operands must be placed in columns:

	1 - 5 Line Count (optional)
	6 - 7 Count (number of characters when defining a constant).
	8 - 13 Label (six characters must start with alphabetic).
	14 - 16 Opcode: Examples:
	A = Add
	B = Branch (must be d-mod for conditional)
	BWZ = Branch if Wordmark or Zone
	C = Compare
	CC = Carriage Control (printer)
	CS = CLear Storage
	CU = Control Unit (e.g. tape)
	CW = Clear Workmark
	D = Divide
	DC = Define Constant (no wordmark)
	DCW = Define Constant (starts in 24, length in 6-7)
	END = End of program
	LCA = Load Characters
	H = Halt
	M = Multiply
	MCE = Move and Edit
	MCS = Move and Supress Zeros
	MCW = Move Characters
	MN = Move Numeric
	MZ = Move Zone
	ORG = Define Origin Point
	P = Punch Card
	R = Read Card
	S = Subtract
	SS = Stacker Select
	SW = Set Wordmark
	W = Write Line
	ZA = Zero and Add
	ZS = Zero and Subtract
	Tape:
	MCW %UX YYY W Write Tape from addr YYY w/o wordmarks)
	LCA %UX YYY W Write Tape, Unit X from addr YYY w/wordmarks)
	MCW %UX YYY R Read Tape from addr YYY w/o wordmarks)
	LCA %UX YYY R Read Tape, Unit X from addr YYY w/wordmarks)
	CU %UX M Write Tape Mark
	CU %UX E Skip and Blank Tape
	CU %UX B Backspace Record
	CU %UX R Rewind Tape
	CU %UX U Rewind and Unlaod tape
	17 - 22 Address for A-operand (label or 4-digit actual address)
	23 - 23 blank, + or - to adjust A-operand by a constant
	24 - 26 3-digit number to adjust A-operand by if 23 is + or -
	27 - 27 Index (?)
	28 - 33 Address for B-operand
	34 - 34 Blank, + or -
	35 - 37 3-digit number of adjust B-address by if 34 is + or -
	38 - 38 Index (?)
	39 - 39 D-modifier for this instruction. Notes:
	/ = Compare is unequal
	S = Branch if Compare Equal
	T = B is less than A
	U = B is greater than A
	L = Tape read error
	K = Tape end of reel
	40 - 55 Comments

	The SPS deck should start with an ORG operation to specify where in storage
	the program starts, and end with an END card, with an optional A-operand
	showing where to start execution.

	To assemble an SPS program, place the SPS source between the SPS1.OBJ and
	the SPS2.OBJ deck, and another copy of the same source after the SPS2.OBJ
	deck (SPS is a two-pass assembler). SPS prints a listing on LPT and punches
	an object deck on CDP, ready to run.

	A UNIX command script to assemble an SPS deck painlessly is in "sps". To
	use the script, enter "sps programname". The script creates programname.lst
	for the listing and programname.obj for the object deck. Windows users
	are out of luck, for now.

	8. HP2116 16K BASIC

	HP BASIC is a paper-tape centric implementation of BASIC for a 16KW
	HP2116. Device numbers correspond to the default simulator settings:

	PTR = 10
	TTY = 11
	PTP = 12

	The program is a complete but early BASIC and has one unsual requirement:
	all programs must include a valid END statement to run correctly. My
	thanks to Jeff Moffatt for providing the program.

	To load and run BASIC:

	sim> load basic1.abs
	sim> run 100
	READY
	10 PRINT SQR(2)
	20 END
	RUN
	1.41421

	9. PDP-9/PDP-15 Advanced Software System/Keyboard Monitor

	The Advanced Software System was a family of operating systems for the
	PDP-9 and PDP-15, ranging from a paper-tape basic system, through the
	DECtape or disk based Keyboard Monitor, through the Foreground/Background
	Monitor, to DOS-15. To run ADSS/KM from simulated DECtape:

	- On the PDP-9 (only), initialize extend mode to on:

	sim> d extm_init 1

	- Load the paper-tape bootstrap into upper memory:

	sim> load dec-15u.rim 77637

	- Verify that the bootstrap loaded correctly:

	sim> ex pc
	PC: 077646

	- Mount the Advanced Software System DECtape image on DECtape unit 0:

	sim> attach dt adss15_32k.dtp

	- Run the bootstrap:

	sim> run

	- The DECtape will boot and print out

	KMS9-15 V5B000
	$

	and is now ready for commands. Recognized commands include:

	D list system device directory
	I list available commands
	R list device assignments
	SCOM list systems communication region

	- To run Focal, assign unused DAT slot 10 and then load Focal

	$A LPA0 10
	$GLOAD
	LOADER V5B000
	>_FOCAL<altmode = control-[>
	FOCAL V9A
	*TYPE 2+2,!
	4.0000
	*

	10. PDP-10 TOPS-10 7.03, TOPS-20 V4.1

	TOPS-10 was the primary time-shared operating system for the PDP-10.
	TOPS-20 was a popular alternative derived from the BBN TENEX system.
	Installation and distribution tapes for TOPS-10 7.03 and TOPS-20 4.1
	are available at http://pdp-10.trailing-edge.com.

	[end simh_swre.txt]