man/vzctl.8

.TH vzctl 8 "12 Jan 2007" "OpenVZ" "Virtual Environments"
.SH NAME
vzctl \- utility to control a Virtual Environment.
.SH SYNOPSIS
vzctl \fB[flags]\fR \fBcreate\fR \fIveid\fR
\fB--ostemplate\fR \fIname\fR] [\fB--config\fR \fIname\fR]
[\fB--private\fR \fIpath\fR] [\fB--root\fR \fIpath\fR] [\fB--ipadd\fR \fIaddr\fR] [\fB--hostname\fR \fIname\fR]
.PP
vzctl \fB[flags]\fR \fBset\fR \fIveid\fR [\fIparameters\fR] [\fB--save\fR]
.PP
vzctl \fB[flags]\fR \fBdestroy\fR | \fBmount\fR | \fBumount\fR |
\fBstart\fR | \fBstop\fR | \fBrestart\fR |
\fBstatus\fR | \fBenter\fR \fIveid\fR
.PP
vzctl \fB[flags]\fR \fBexec\fR | \fBexec2\fR \fIveid\fR
\fIcommand\fR [\fIarg\fR ...]
.PP
vzctl \fBrunscript\fR \fIveid\fR <\fBscript\fR>
.PP
vzctl \fB--help\fR | \fB--version\fR
.SH DESCRIPTION
Utility \fBvzctl\fR runs on Hardware Node (HN) and performs direct
manipulations with Virtual Environments (VEs).
.PP
Virtual Environments can be referred to by either numeric \fIveid\fR or
by name (see \fB--name\fR option). Note that VE ID <= 100 are reserved for
OpenVZ internal purposes.
.SH OPTIONS
.SS Flags
These flags can be used with almost any option.
.IP \fB--quiet\fR 4
Disables logging to log file and screen.
.IP \fB--verbose\fR 4
Sets logging level to maximum value.
.SS Setting VE parameters
.IP "\fBset\fR \fIveid\fR [\fIparameters\fR] [\fB--save\fR]" 4 
This command sets various VE parameters. If flag \fB--save\fR is given,
parameters are saved in VE configuration file \fBvps.conf\fR(5).
If VE is currently running, \fBvzctl\fR applies these parameters to VE.

The following options can be used with \fBset\fR command.
.TP
\fBMiscellaneous parameters\fR
.TP
\fB--onboot\fR \fIyes\fR|\fIno\fR
Sets whether this VE will be started during system boot up. VE will not be
auto-started during system boot up unless this parameter is set to \fIyes\fR.
.TP
\fB--root\fR \fIpath\fR
Sets the path to root directory for this VE. This is essentially a mount
point for VE root. Value must contain string \fI$VEID\fR, which will
be substituted with numeric VE ID. Changing this parameter is not
recommended, better edit \fBvz\fR(5) global configuration file.
.TP
\fB--userpasswd\fR \fIuser\fR:\fIpassword\fR
Sets password for the given user in VE, creating the user if it does not exists.
Note that this option is not saved in configuration file at all (so
\fB--save\fR flag is useless), it is applied to VE (by modifying its
\fB\f(CR/etc/passwd\fR and \fB\f(CR/etc/shadow\fR files).

In case VE root is not mounted, it is automatically mounted, then all
appropriate file changes are applied, then it is unmounted.

Note that VE area should be created before using this option.
.TP
\fB--disabled\fR \fIyes\fR|\fIno\fR
Disable VE start. To force the start of a disabled VE, use \fBvzctl start\fR
with \fB-force\fR option.
.TP
\fB--name\fR \fIname\fR
Add a name for a VE. The \fIname\fR can later be used in subsequent calls to
\fBvzctl\fR in place of \fIveid\fR.
.TP
\fBNetwork related parameters\fR
.TP
\fB--ipadd\fR \fIaddr\fR
Adds IP address to a given VE. Note that this option is incremental, so
\fIaddr\fR are added to already existing ones.
.TP
\fB--ipdel\fR \fIaddr\fR | \fBall\fR
Removes IP address \fIaddr\fR from a VE. If you want to remove all addresses,
use \fB--ipdel all\fR.
.TP
\fB--hostname\fR \fIname\fR
Sets VE hostname. \fBvzctl\fR writes it to the appropriate file inside a VE
(distribution-dependent).
.TP
\fB--nameserver\fR \fIaddr\fR
Sets DNS server IP address for a VE. If you want to set several nameservers,
you should do it at once, so use \fB--nameserver\fR option multiple times
in one call to \fBvzctl\fR, as all the name server values set in previous
calls to \fBvzctl\fR gets overwritten.
.TP
\fB--searchdomain\fR \fIname\fR
Sets DNS search domains for a VE. If you want to set several search domains,
you should do it at once, so use \fB--searchdomain\fR option multiple times
in one call to \fBvzctl\fR, as all the search domain values set in previous
calls to \fBvzctl\fR gets overwritten.
.TP
\fB--netif_add\fR \fIifname[\fR,\fImac\fR,\fIhost_ifname\fR,\fIhost_mac]\fR
Adds a virtual ethernet device (veth) to a given VE. Here \fIifname\fR is
the ethernet device name in the VE, \fImac\fR is its MAC address,
\fIhost_ifname\fR is the ethernet device name on the host, and
\fIhost_mac\fR is its MAC address. MAC addresses should be in the format
like XX:XX:XX:XX:XX:XX. All parameters except \fIifname\fR are optional
and are automatically generated if not specified.

\fBInterface configuration.\fR

The following options can be used to reconfigure the already-created virtual
ethernet interface. To select the interface to configure, use
\fB--ifname\fR \fIname\fR option.

 \fB--mac\fR \fIXX:XX:XX:XX:XX:XX\fR - MAC address of interface inside VE.
 \fB--host_ifname\fR \fIname\fR - interface name for virtual interface in VE0.
 \fB--host_mac\fR \fIXX:XX:XX:XX:XX:XX\fR - MAC address of interface in VE0.
.TP
\fB--netif_del\fR \fIdev_name\fR|\fBall\fR
Removes virtual ethernet device from VE. If you want to remove all devices,
use \fBall\fR.
.TP
\fBResource limits\fR
The following options sets barrier and limit for various user beancounters.
Each option requires one or two arguments. In case of one argument,
\fBvzctl\fR sets barrier and limit to the same value. In case of
two colon-separated arguments, the first is a barrier,
and the second is a limit.

Arguments are in items, pages or bytes. Note that page size
is architecture-specific, it is 4096 bytes on IA32 platform.

You can also specify different suffixes for \fBset\fR parameters
(except for the parameters which names start with \fBnum\fR).
For example, \fBvzctl set\fR \fIveid\fR \fB--privvmpages 5M:6M\fR
should set \fBprivvmpages\fR' barrier to 5 megabytes and its limit
to 6 megabytes.

Available suffixes are:
.br
\fBg\fR, \fBG\fR -- gigabytes.
.br
\fBm\fR, \fBM\fR -- megabytes.
.br
\fBk\fR, \fBK\fR -- kilobytes.
.br
\fBp\fR, \fBP\fR -- pages (page is 4096 bytes on x86 architecture,
other architectures may differ).

.TP
\fB--numproc\fR \fIitems\fR[:\fIitems\fR]
Maximum number of processes and kernel-level threads.
Setting the barrier and
the limit to different values does not make practical sense.
.TP
\fB--numtcpsock\fR \fIitems\fR[:\fIitems\fR]
Maximum number of TCP sockets. This parameter limits the number of TCP
connections and, thus, the number of clients the server application can
handle in parallel. 
Setting the barrier and
the limit to different values does not make practical sense.
.TP
\fB--numothersock\fR \fIitems\fR[:\fIitems\fR]
Maximum number of non-TCP sockets (local sockets, UDP and other types
of sockets).
Setting the barrier and
the limit to different values does not make practical sense.
.TP
\fB--vmguarpages\fR \fIpages\fR[:\fIpages\fR]
Memory allocation guarantee. This parameter controls how much memory is
available to a VE. The barrier is the amount
of memory that VE's applications are guaranteed to be able to allocate.
The meaning of the limit is currently unspecified; it should be set to
2,147,483,647.
.TP
\fB--kmemsize\fR \fIbytes\fR[:\fIbytes\fR]
Maximum amount of kernel memory used. This parameter is related to
\fB--numproc\fR. Each process consumes certain amount of kernel memory -
16 KB at leas, 30-50 KB typically. Very large processes may consume
a bit more. It is important to have a certain safety gap between the
barrier and the limit of this parameter: equal barrier and limit may
lead to the situation where the kernel will need to kill VE applications
to keep the \fBkmemsize\fR usage under the limit.
.TP
\fB--tcpsndbuf\fR \fIbytes\fR[:\fIbytes\fR]
Maximum size of TCP send buffers.
Barrier should be not less than 64 KB, and difference between
barrier and limit should be equal to or more than value of
\fBnumtcpsock\fR multiplied by 2.5 KB.
.TP
\fB--tcprcvbuf\fR \fIbytes\fR[:\fIbytes\fR]
Maximum size of TCP receive buffers.
Barrier should be not less than 64 KB, and difference between
barrier and limit should be equal to or more than value of
\fBnumtcpsock\fR multiplied by 2.5 KB.
.TP
\fB--othersockbuf\fR \fIbytes\fR[:\fIbytes\fR]
Maximum size of other (non-TCP) socket send buffers. If VE processes needs
to send very large datagrams, the barrier should be set accordingly.
Increased limit is necessary for high performance of communications through
local (UNIX-domain) sockets. 
.TP
\fB--dgramrcvbuf\fR \fIbytes\fR[:\fIbytes\fR]
Maximum size of other (non-TCP) socket receive buffers. If VE processes
needs to send very large datagrams, the barrier should be set accordingly.
The difference between the barrier and the limit is not needed.
.TP
\fB--oomguarpages\fR \fIpages\fR[:\fIpages\fR]
Guarantees against OOM kill. Under this beancounter the kernel accounts the
total amount of memory and swap space used by the VE processes. The barrier
of this parameter is the out-of-memory guarantee. If the oomguarpages usage
is below the barrier, processes of this VE are guaranteed not to be killed
in out-of-memory situations. The meaning of limit is currently unspecified;
it should be set to 2,147,483,647.
.TP
\fB--lockedpages\fR \fIpages\fR[:\fIpages\fR]
Maximum number of pages acquired by \fBmlock\fR(2).
.TP
\fB--privvmpages\fR \fIpages\fR[:\fIpages\fR]
Allows controlling the amount of memory allocated by the applications.
For shared (mapped as \fBMAP_SHARED\fR) pages, each VE really using a memory
page is charged for the fraction of the page (depending on the number of
others using it). For "potentially private" pages (mapped as
\fBMAP_PRIVATE\fR), VE is charged either for a fraction of the size or for
the full size if the allocated address space. It the latter case, the physical
pages associated with the allocated address space may be in memory, in swap
or not physically allocated yet.

The barrier and the limit of this parameter
control the upper boundary of the total size of allocated memory. Note that
this upper boundary does not guarantee that VE will be able to allocate that
much memory. The primary mechanism to control memory allocation is
the \fB--vmguarpages\fR guarantee.
.TP
\fB--shmpages\fR \fIpages\fR[:\fIpages\fR]
Maximum IPC SHM segment size.
Setting the barrier and
the limit to different values does not make practical sense.
.TP
\fB--numfile\fR \fIitems\fR[:\fIitems\fR]
Maximum number of open files. 
Setting the barrier and
the limit to different values does not make practical sense.
.TP
\fB--numflock\fR \fIitems\fR[:\fIitems\fR]
Maximum number of file locks. Safety gap should be between barrier and limit.
.TP
\fB--numpty\fR \fIitems\fR[:\fIitems\fR]
Number of pseudo-terminals (PTY). Note that in OpenVZ each VE can have
not more than 255 PTYs. Setting the barrier and
the limit to different values does not make practical sense.
.TP
\fB--numsiginfo\fR \fIitems\fR[:\fIitems\fR]
Number of siginfo structures.
Setting the barrier and
the limit to different values does not make practical sense.
.TP
\fB--dcachesize\fR \fIbytes\fR[:\fIbytes\fR]
Maximum size of filesystem-related caches, such as directory entry
and inode caches. Exists as a separate parameter to impose a limit
causing file operations to sense memory shortage and return an errno
to applications, protecting from memory shortages during critical
operations that should not fail.
Safety gap should be between barrier and limit.
.TP
\fB--numiptent\fR \fInum\fR[:\fInum\fR]
Number of iptables (netfilter) entries.
Setting the barrier and
the limit to different values does not make practical sense.
.TP
\fB--physpages\fR \fIpages\fR[:\fIpages\fR]
This is currently an accounting-only parameter. It shows the usage of RAM
by this VE. Barrier should be set to 0, and limit should be set to
2,147,483,647.
.TP
\fBCPU fair scheduler parameters\fR
These parameters control CPU usage by VE.
.TP
\fB--cpuunits\fR \fInum\fR
CPU weight for a VE. Argument is positive non-zero number, which passed to
and used in kernel fair scheduler. The larger the number is, the more CPU time
this VE get. Maximum value is 500000, minimal is 8. Number is relative to
weights of all the other running VEs. If cpuunits not specified default value
1000 ia used.

You can set CPU weight for VE0 (hardware node itself) as well
(use \fBvzctl set 0 --cpuunits \fInum\fR). Usually, OpenVZ initscript
(/etc/init.d/vz) takes care of setting this.
.TP
\fB--cpulimit\fR \fInum\fR[\fB%\fR]
Limit of CPU usage for the VE, in per cent.
Note if the computer has 2 CPUs, it has total of 200% CPU time. Default CPU
limit is 0 (no CPU limit).
\fB--cpus\fR \fInum\fR
sets number of CPUs available in the VE.
.TP
\fBMemory output parameters\fR
This parameter control output of /proc/meminfo inside a VE
.IP "\fB--meminfo\fR \fBnone\fR
No /proc/meminfo virtualization (the same as on host system).
.IP "\fB--meminfo\fR \fBmode\fR:\fIvalue\fR"
Configure total memory output in a VE. Free memory is evaluated accordingly
to the mode being set.
.br
You can use the following modes for \fImode\fR:
.br
\fBpages\fR:\fIvalue\fR - sets total memory in pages
.br
\fBprivvmpages\fR:\fIvalue\fR - sets total memory as
\fBprivvmpages\fR * \fIvalue\fR 
.TP
\fBIptables control parameters\fR
.TP
.IP "\fB--iptables\fR \fIname\fR"
Restrict access to iptables modules inside a VE (by default all iptables
modules that are loaded in the host system are accessible inside a VE).

You can use the following values for \fIname\fR:
\fIiptable_filter\fR, \fIiptable_mangle\fR, \fIipt_limit\fR,
\fIipt_multiport\fR, \fIipt_tos\fR, \fIipt_TOS\fR, \fIipt_REJECT\fR,
\fIipt_TCPMSS\fR, \fIipt_tcpmss\fR, \fIipt_ttl\fR, \fIipt_LOG\fR,
\fIipt_length\fR, \fIip_conntrack\fR, \fIip_conntrack_ftp\fR,
\fIip_conntrack_irc\fR, \fIipt_conntrack\fR, \fIipt_state\fR,
\fIipt_helper\fR, \fIiptable_nat\fR, \fIip_nat_ftp\fR, \fIip_nat_irc\fR,
\fIipt_REDIRECT\fR \fIxt_mac\fR.
.TP
\fBNetwork devices control parameters\fR
.IP "\fB--netdev_add\fR \fIname\fR"
move network device from VE0 to a specified VE
.IP "\fB--netdev_del\fR \fIname\fR"
delete network device from a specified VE
.TP
\fBDisk quota parameters\fR
.TP
\fB--diskspace\fR \fInum\fR[:\fInum\fR]
sets soft and hard disk quotas, in blocks. First parameter is soft quota,
second is hard quota. One block is currently equal to 1Kb.
Also suffixes  \fBG\fR, \fBM\fR, \fBK\fR can be specified
(see \fBResource limits\fR section for more info).
.TP
\fB--diskinodes\fR \fInum\fR[:\fInum\fR]
sets soft and hard disk quotas, in i-nodes. First parameter is soft quota,
second is hard quota.
.TP
\fB--quotatime\fR \fIseconds\fR
sets soft overusage time limit for disk quota (also known as grace period).
.TP
\fB--quotaugidlimit\fR \fInum\fR
sets maximum number of user/group IDs in a VE for which disk quota inside
the VE will be accounted. If this value is set to \fB0\fR, user and group
quotas will not be accounted inside the VE.

Note that if you have previously set value of this parameter to \fB0\fR,
changing it while the VE is running will not take effect.
.TP
\fBMount option\fR
.TP
\fB--noatime\fR \fByes\fR|\fBno\fR
Sets noatime flag (do not update inode access times) on file system.
.TP
\fBCapability option\fR
.TP
\fB--capability\fR \fIcapname\fR:\fBon\fR|\fBoff\fR
Sets capability inside a VE. Note that setting capability when the VE
is running does not take immediate effect; restart VE in order for
changes to take effect. Note a VE has default set of capability, any
operations on capability is logical and with default capability mask.

You can use the following values for \fIcapname\fR:
\fBchown\fR, \fBdac_override\fR, \fBdac_read_search\fR, \fBfowner\fR,
\fBfsetid\fR, \fBkill\fR, \fBsetgid\fR, \fBsetuid\fR,
\fBsetpcap\fR, \fBlinux_immutable\fR, \fBnet_bind_service\fR,
\fBnet_broadcast\fR, \fBnet_admin\fR, \fBnet_raw\fR,
\fBipc_lock\fR, \fBipc_owner\fR, \fBsys_module\fR, \fBsys_rawio\fR,
\fBsys_chroot\fR, \fBsys_ptrace\fR, \fBsys_pacct\fR,
\fBsys_admin\fR, \fBsys_boot\fR, \fBsys_nice\fR, \fBsys_resource\fR,
\fBsys_time\fR, \fBsys_tty_config\fR, \fBmknod\fR, \fBlease\fR,
\fBsetveid\fR, \fBve_admin\fR.
.TP
\fBDevice access management\fR
.TP
\fB--devnodes\fR \fIdevice\fR:\fBr|w|rw|none\fR
Give access (\fBr\fR - read, \fBw\fR - write, \fBrw\fR - read write, \fBnone\fR - no access) to special file /dev/\fIdevice\fR from a VE.
.TP
.TP
\fBFeatures management\fR
.TP
\fB--features\fR \fIname\fR:\fBon|off\fR
Enable disable specific VE feature. Known features are: \fIsysfs\fR, \fInfs\fR.

\fBApply config\fR
.TP
\fB--applyconfig\fR \fIname\fR
Read VE parameters from the VE sample configuration file
\f(CW\fB/etc/vz/conf/ve-\fIname\fR\f(CW\fB.conf-sample\fR, and
apply them, if --save option specified save to the VE config file.
The following parameters are not changed: \fBHOSTNAME\fR, \fBIP_ADDRESS\fR,
\fBOSTEMPLATE\fR, \fBVE_ROOT\fR, and \fBVE_PRIVATE\fR.
.TP
\fB--applyconfig_map\fR \fIname\fR
Apply VE config parameters selected by \fIname\fR group, now only \fIname\fR argument
supported. Restore VE name based on NAME variable in VE configuration file.
.SS Checkpointing and restore
.TP
Checkpointing is a feature of OpenVZ kernel which allows to save a complete
state of a running VE, and to restore it later.
.TP
\fBchkpnt\fR \fIveid\fR [\fB--dumpfile\fR \fIname\fR]
This command saves a complete state of a running VE to a dump file,
and stops the VE. If an option \fB--dumpfile\fR is not set, default
dump file name \fB/vz/dump/Dump.\fIveid\fR is used.
.TP
\fBrestore\fR \fIveid\fR [\fB--dumpfile\fR \fIname\fR]
This command restores a VE from dump file created by the \fBchkpnt\fR command.
.SS Performing VE actions
.IP "\fBcreate\fR \fIveid\fR [\fB--ostemplate\fR \fIname\fR] [\fB--config\fR \fIname\fR] [\fB--private\fR \fIpath\fR] [\fB--root\fR \fIpath\fR] [\fB--ipadd\fR \fIaddr\fR] [\fB--hostname\fR \fIname\fR]" 4
Creates a new VE area. This operation should be done once, before the first
start of the VE.

If the \fB--config\fR option is specified, values from
example configuration file
\f(CW\fB/etc/vz/conf/ve-\fIname\fR\f(CW\fB.conf-sample\fR
are put into the VE configuration file. If this VE configuration file
already exists, it will be removed.

You can use \fB--root\fR \fIpath\fR option to sets the path to the mount
point for the VE root directory (default is \fBVE_ROOT\fR specified in
\fBvz\fR(5) file). Argument can contain string \fI$VEID\fR, which will
be substituted with numeric VE ID. 

You can use \fB--private\fR \fIpath\fR option to set the path to directory
in which all the files and directories specific to this very VE are stored
(default is \fBVE_PRIVATE\fR specified in \fBvz\fR(5) file). Argument can
contain string \fI$VEID\fR, which will be substituted with numeric VE ID.

You can use \fB--ipadd\fR \fIaddr\fR option to assign an IP address to a VE.
Note that this option can be used multiple times.

You can use \fB--hostname\fR \fIname\fR option to set a host name for a VE.

.IP \fBdestroy\fR 4
Removes a VE private area by deleting all files, directories and configuration
file of this VE.
.IP "\fBstart\fR [\fB---wait\fR]" 4
Mounts (if necessary) and starts a VE. if \fB--wait\fR
option specified wait until default runlevel is entered.
.IP \fBstop\fR 4
Stops and unmounts a VE.
.IP \fBrestart\fR 4
Restarts a VE, i.e. stops it if it is running, and starts again.
.IP \fBstatus\fR 4
Shows a VE status. Basically this is a line with five words separated by spaces.
First word is literally \fBVEID\fR. Second word is the numeric \fIVE ID\fR.
Third word is showing whether this VE exists or not,
it can be either \fBexist\fR or \fBdeleted\fR.
Fourth word is showing the status of the VE filesystem,
it can be either \fBmounted\fR or \fBunmounted\fR.
Fifth word shows if the VE is running,
it can be either \fBrunning\fR or \fBdown\fR.

This command can also be usable from scripts.
.IP \fBmount\fR 4
Mounts VE private area.
.IP \fBumount\fR 4
Unmounts VE private area. Note that \fBstop\fR does \fBumount\fR automatically.
.IP "\fBexec\fR \fIveid\fR \fIcommand\fR" 4
Executes \fIcommand\fR in a VE. Environment variables are not set inside the VE.
Signal handlers may differ from default settings. If \fIcommand\fR is \fB-\fR,
commands are read from stdin.
.IP "\fBexec2\fR \fIveid\fR \fIcommand\fR" 4
The same as \fBexec\fR, but return code is that of \fIcommand\fR.
.IP \fBrunscript\fR 4
Run specified shell script in a VE, if the VE is not runnning
it will be started.
.IP \fBenter\fR 4
Enters into a VE. This option is a back-door for host root only.
.SS Other options
.IP \fB--help\fR 4
Prints help message with a brief list of possible options.
.IP \fB--version\fR 4
Prints \fBvzctl\fR version.
.SH DIAGNOSTICS
Returns 0 upon success.
.SH EXAMPLES
To create and start "basic" VE with ID of 1000, using \fIfedora-core-5\fR
OS template, and IP address of 192.168.10.200:
.br
\f(CR	vzctl create 1000 --ostemplate fedora-core-5 --config vps.basic
.br
\f(CR	vzctl set 1000 --ipadd 192.168.10.200 --save
.br
\f(CR	vzctl start 1000
.br
\fR
To set number of processes barrier/limit to 80/100, and
PTY barrier/limit to 16/20 PTYs:
.br
\f(CR	vzctl set 1000 --numproc 80:100 -t 16:20 --save
\fR
.P
To execute command \fBls -la\fR in this VE:
.br
\f(CR	vzctl exec 1000 /bin/ls -la
\fR
.P
To execute command pipe \fBls -l / | sort\fR in this VE:
.br
\f(CR	vzctl exec 1000 'ls -l / | sort'
\fR
.P
To stop this VE:
.br
\f(CR	vzctl stop 1000
\fR
.P
To permanently remove this VE:
.br
\f(CR	vzctl destroy 1000
\fR
.SH FILES
.ad l
\f(CR
/etc/vz/vz.conf
.br
/etc/vz/conf/veid.conf
.br
/proc/vz/veinfo
.br
/proc/vz/vzquota
.br
/proc/user_beancounters
.br
/proc/fairsched\fR
.SH SEE ALSO
.BR vz.conf (5),
.BR vps.conf (5),
.BR vzquota (8),
.SH LICENSE
Copyright (C) 2000-2007, SWsoft. Licensed under GNU GPL v2.