| TMUX(1) | General Commands Manual | TMUX(1) |
tmux —
tmux |
[-2CluvV]
[-c shell-command]
[-f file]
[-L socket-name]
[-S socket-path]
[command [flags]] |
tmux is a terminal multiplexer: it enables a number of
terminals to be created, accessed, and controlled from a single screen.
tmux may be detached from a screen and continue
running in the background, then later reattached.
When tmux is started it creates a new
session with a single window and
displays it on screen. A status line at the bottom of the screen shows
information on the current session and is used to enter interactive
commands.
A session is a single collection of pseudo
terminals under the management of tmux. Each
session has one or more windows linked to it. A window occupies the entire
screen and may be split into rectangular panes, each of which is a separate
pseudo terminal (the pty(4) manual page documents the
technical details of pseudo terminals). Any number of
tmux instances may connect to the same session, and
any number of windows may be present in the same session. Once all sessions
are killed, tmux exits.
Each session is persistent and will survive accidental
disconnection (such as ssh(1) connection timeout) or
intentional detaching (with the ‘C-b
d’ key strokes). tmux may be
reattached using:
$ tmux attachIn tmux, a session is displayed on screen
by a client and all sessions are managed by a single
server. The server and each client are separate processes
which communicate through a socket in /tmp.
The options are as follows:
-2tmux to assume the terminal supports 256
colours.-C-CC) disables
echo.-c
shell-commandtmux server will be started to
retrieve the default-shell option. This option is
for compatibility with sh(1) when
tmux is used as a login shell.-f
filetmux loads the system configuration file from
@SYSCONFDIR@/tmux.conf, if present, then looks for
a user configuration file at ~/.tmux.conf.
The configuration file is a set of
tmux commands which are executed in sequence
when the server is first started. tmux loads
configuration files once when the server process has started. The
source-file command may be used to load a file
later.
tmux shows any error messages from
commands in configuration files in the first session created, and
continues to process the rest of the configuration file.
-L
socket-nametmux stores the server socket in a directory under
TMUX_TMPDIR or /tmp if it
is unset. The default socket is named default. This
option allows a different socket name to be specified, allowing several
independent tmux servers to be run. Unlike
-S a full path is not necessary: the sockets are
all created in the same directory.
If the socket is accidentally removed, the
SIGUSR1 signal may be sent to the
tmux server process to recreate it (note that
this will fail if any parent directories are missing).
-l-S
socket-path-S is specified, the default socket directory is
not used and any -L flag is ignored.-utmux looks for the
LC_ALL, LC_CTYPE and
LANG environment variables: if the first found
contains ‘UTF-8’, then the terminal
is assumed to support UTF-8. This is not always correct: the
-u flag explicitly informs
tmux that UTF-8 is supported.
Note that tmux itself always accepts
UTF-8; this controls whether it will send UTF-8 characters to the
terminal it is running (if not, they are replaced by
‘_’).
-v-v is specified twice, an additional
tmux-out-PID.log file is generated with a copy of
everything tmux writes to the terminal.
The SIGUSR2 signal may be sent to the
tmux server process to toggle logging between on
(as if -v was given) and off.
-Vtmux version.tmux, as described in the following sections. If
no commands are specified, the new-session command
is assumed.tmux may be controlled from an attached client by using
a key combination of a prefix key, ‘C-b’
(Ctrl-b) by default, followed by a command key.
The default command key bindings are:
tmux client.tmux command prompt.select-pane
-m).tmux, if any.Key bindings may be changed with the
bind-key and unbind-key
commands.
tmux. Most commands accept the optional
-t (and sometimes -s) argument
with one of target-client,
target-session target-window, or
target-pane. These specify the client, session, window
or pane which a command should affect.
target-client should be the name of the
client, typically the pty(4) file to which the client is
connected, for example either of /dev/ttyp1 or
ttyp1 for the client attached to
/dev/ttyp1. If no client is specified,
tmux attempts to work out the client currently in
use; if that fails, an error is reported. Clients may be listed with the
list-clients command.
target-session is tried as, in order:
list-sessions command).mysess’ would match a session named
‘mysession’.If the session name is prefixed with an
‘=’, only an exact match is accepted
(so ‘=mysess’ will only match exactly
‘mysess’, not
‘mysession’).
If a single session is found, it is used as the target session; multiple matches produce an error. If a session is omitted, the current session is used if available; if no current session is available, the most recently used is chosen.
target-window (or src-window or dst-window) specifies a window in the form session:window. session follows the same rules as for target-session, and window is looked for in order as:
mysession:1’ is window 1 in session
‘mysession’.mysession:mywindow’.mysession:mywin’.Like sessions, a ‘=’ prefix
will do an exact match only. An empty window name specifies the next unused
index if appropriate (for example the new-window and
link-window commands) otherwise the current window
in session is chosen.
The following special tokens are available to indicate particular windows. Each has a single-character alternative form.
| Token | Meaning | |
{start} |
^ | The lowest-numbered window |
{end} |
$ | The highest-numbered window |
{last} |
! | The last (previously current) window |
{next} |
+ | The next window by number |
{previous} |
- | The previous window by number |
target-pane (or
src-pane or dst-pane) may be a
pane ID or takes a similar form to target-window but
with the optional addition of a period followed by a pane index or pane ID,
for example: ‘mysession:mywindow.1’.
If the pane index is omitted, the currently active pane in the specified
window is used. The following special tokens are available for the pane
index:
| Token | Meaning | |
{last} |
! | The last (previously active) pane |
{next} |
+ | The next pane by number |
{previous} |
- | The previous pane by number |
{top} |
The top pane | |
{bottom} |
The bottom pane | |
{left} |
The leftmost pane | |
{right} |
The rightmost pane | |
{top-left} |
The top-left pane | |
{top-right} |
The top-right pane | |
{bottom-left} |
The bottom-left pane | |
{bottom-right} |
The bottom-right pane | |
{up-of} |
The pane above the active pane | |
{down-of} |
The pane below the active pane | |
{left-of} |
The pane to the left of the active pane | |
{right-of} |
The pane to the right of the active pane |
The tokens ‘+’ and
‘-’ may be followed by an offset, for
example:
select-window -t:+2
In addition, target-session,
target-window or target-pane may consist
entirely of the token ‘{mouse}’
(alternative form ‘=’) to specify the
most recent mouse event (see the MOUSE
SUPPORT section) or ‘{marked}’
(alternative form ‘~’) to specify the
marked pane (see select-pane
-m).
Sessions, window and panes are each numbered with a unique ID;
session IDs are prefixed with a ‘$’,
windows with a ‘@’, and panes with a
‘%’. These are unique and are
unchanged for the life of the session, window or pane in the
tmux server. The pane ID is passed to the child
process of the pane in the TMUX_PANE environment
variable. IDs may be displayed using the
‘session_id’,
‘window_id’, or
‘pane_id’ formats (see the
FORMATS section) and the
display-message,
list-sessions, list-windows
or list-panes commands.
shell-command arguments are sh(1) commands. This may be a single argument passed to the shell, for example:
new-window 'vi /etc/passwd'
Will run:
/bin/sh -c 'vi /etc/passwd'
Additionally, the new-window,
new-session, split-window,
respawn-window and
respawn-pane commands allow
shell-command to be given as multiple arguments and
executed directly (without ‘sh -c’).
This can avoid issues with shell quoting. For example:
$ tmux new-window vi /etc/passwd
Will run vi(1) directly without invoking the shell.
command [arguments]
refers to a tmux command, passed with the command
and arguments separately, for example:
bind-key F1 set-window-option force-width 81
Or if using sh(1):
$ tmux bind-key F1 set-window-option force-width 81
Multiple commands may be specified together as part of a
command sequence. Each command should be separated by
spaces and a semicolon; commands are executed sequentially from left to
right and lines ending with a backslash continue on to the next line, except
when escaped by another backslash. A literal semicolon may be included by
escaping it with a backslash (for example, when specifying a command
sequence to bind-key).
Example tmux commands include:
refresh-client -t/dev/ttyp2 rename-session -tfirst newname set-window-option -t:0 monitor-activity on new-window ; split-window -d bind-key R source-file ~/.tmux.conf \; \ display-message "source-file done"
Or from sh(1):
$ tmux kill-window -t :1 $ tmux new-window \; split-window -d $ tmux new-session -d 'vi /etc/passwd' \; split-window -d \; attach
tmux server manages clients, sessions, windows and
panes. Clients are attached to sessions to interact with them, either when
they are created with the new-session command, or
later with the attach-session command. Each session
has one or more windows linked into it. Windows may be
linked to multiple sessions and are made up of one or more panes, each of
which contains a pseudo terminal. Commands for creating, linking and otherwise
manipulating windows are covered in the
WINDOWS AND PANES section.
The following commands are available to manage clients and sessions:
attach-session
[-dEr] [-c
working-directory] [-t
target-session]attach)tmux, create a new client in the
current terminal and attach it to target-session. If
used from inside, switch the current client. If -d
is specified, any other clients attached to the session are detached.
-r signifies the client is read-only (only keys
bound to the detach-client or
switch-client commands have any effect)
If no server is started,
attach-session will attempt to start it; this
will fail unless sessions are created in the configuration file.
The target-session rules for
attach-session are slightly adjusted: if
tmux needs to select the most recently used
session, it will prefer the most recently used
unattached session.
-c will set the session working
directory (used for new windows) to
working-directory.
If -E is used, the
update-environment option will not be
applied.
detach-client
[-aP] [-E
shell-command] [-s
target-session] [-t
target-client]detach)-t, or all clients currently attached to the
session specified by -s. The
-a option kills all but the client given with
-t. If -P is given, send
SIGHUP to the parent process of the client, typically causing it to exit.
With -E, run shell-command
to replace the client.has-session
[-t target-session]has)kill-servertmux server and clients and destroy all
sessions.kill-session
[-aC] [-t
target-session]-a is given, all sessions but the specified one is
killed. The -C flag clears alerts (bell, activity,
or silence) in all windows linked to the session.list-clients
[-F format]
[-t target-session]lsc)-F flag, see the
FORMATS section. If
target-session is specified, list only clients
connected to that session.list-commands
[-F format]lscm)tmux.list-sessions
[-F format]ls)-F flag, see the
FORMATS section.lock-client
[-t target-client]lockc)lock-server command.lock-session
[-t target-session]locks)new-session
[-AdDEP] [-c
start-directory] [-F
format] [-n
window-name] [-s
session-name] [-t
group-name] [-x
width] [-y
height] [shell-command]new)The new session is attached to the current terminal unless
-d is given. window-name
and shell-command are the name of and shell
command to execute in the initial window. With
-d, the initial size is 80 x 24;
-x and -y can be used to
specify a different size.
If run from a terminal, any termios(4) special characters are saved and used for new windows in the new session.
The -A flag makes
new-session behave like
attach-session if
session-name already exists; in this case,
-D behaves like -d to
attach-session.
If -t is given, it specifies a
session group. Sessions in the same group share
the same set of windows - new windows are linked to all sessions in the
group and any windows closed removed from all sessions. The current and
previous window and any session options remain independent and any
session in a group may be killed without affecting the others. The
group-name argument may be:
-n and
shell-command are invalid if
-t is used.
The -P option prints information about
the new session after it has been created. By default, it uses the
format ‘#{session_name}:’ but a
different format may be specified with -F.
If -E is used, the
update-environment option will not be
applied.
refresh-client
[-C width,height]
[-S] [-t
target-client]refresh)-t. If -S is
specified, only update the client's status line.
-C sets the width and height of a
control client.
rename-session
[-t target-session]
new-namerename)show-messages
[-JT] [-t
target-client]showmsgs)-t, display the log for
target-client. -J and
-T show debugging information about jobs and
terminals.source-file
[-q] pathsource)-q is
given, no error will be returned if path does not
exist.
Within a configuration file, commands may be made conditional by surrounding them with %if and %endif lines. Additional %elif and %else lines may also be used. The argument to %if and %elif is expanded as a format and if it evaluates to false (zero or empty), subsequent lines are ignored until the next %elif, %else or %endif. For example:
%if #{==:#{host},myhost}
set -g status-style bg=red
%elif #{==:#{host},myotherhost}
set -g status-style bg=green
%else
set -g status-style bg=blue
%endif
Will change the status line to red if running on
‘myhost’, green if running on
‘myotherhost’, or blue if running
on another host.
start-serverstart)tmux server, if not already running,
without creating any sessions.suspend-client
[-t target-client]suspendc)SIGTSTP (tty stop).switch-client
[-Elnpr] [-c
target-client] [-t
target-session] [-T
key-table]switchc)-l,
-n or -p is used, the
client is moved to the last, next or previous session respectively.
-r toggles whether a client is read-only (see the
attach-session command).
If -E is used,
update-environment option will not be
applied.
-T sets the client's key table; the
next key from the client will be interpreted from
key-table. This may be used to configure multiple
prefix keys, or to bind commands to sequences of keys. For example, to
make typing ‘abc’ run the
list-keys command:
bind-key -Ttable2 c list-keys
bind-key -Ttable1 b switch-client -Ttable2
bind-key -Troot a switch-client -Ttable1
tmux window may be in one of two modes. The default
permits direct access to the terminal attached to the window. The other is
copy mode, which permits a section of a window or its history to be copied to
a paste buffer for later insertion into another window. This
mode is entered with the copy-mode command, bound to
‘[’ by default. It is also entered when
a command that produces output, such as list-keys, is
executed from a key binding.
Commands are sent to copy mode using the
-X flag to the send-keys
command. When a key is pressed, copy mode automatically uses one of two key
tables, depending on the mode-keys option:
copy-mode for emacs, or
copy-mode-vi for vi. Key tables may be viewed with
the list-keys command.
The following commands are supported in copy mode:
The ‘-and-cancel’ variants
of some commands exit copy mode after they have completed (for copy
commands) or when the cursor reaches the bottom (for scrolling
commands).
The next and previous word keys use space and the
‘-’,
‘_’ and
‘@’ characters as word delimiters by
default, but this can be adjusted by setting the
word-separators session option. Next word moves to the
start of the next word, next word end to the end of the next word and
previous word to the start of the previous word. The three next and previous
space keys work similarly but use a space alone as the word separator.
The jump commands enable quick movement within a line. For
instance, typing ‘f’ followed by
‘/’ will move the cursor to the next
‘/’ character on the current line. A
‘;’ will then jump to the next
occurrence.
Commands in copy mode may be prefaced by an optional repeat count. With vi key bindings, a prefix is entered using the number keys; with emacs, the Alt (meta) key and a number begins prefix entry.
The synopsis for the copy-mode command
is:
copy-mode
[-Meu] [-t
target-pane]-u option scrolls one page
up. -M begins a mouse drag (only valid if bound to
a mouse key binding, see MOUSE
SUPPORT). -e specifies that scrolling to the
bottom of the history (to the visible screen) should exit copy mode. While
in copy mode, pressing a key other than those used for scrolling will
disable this behaviour. This is intended to allow fast scrolling through a
pane's history, for example with:
bind PageUp copy-mode -eu
Each window displayed by tmux may be split
into one or more panes; each pane takes up a certain area
of the display and is a separate terminal. A window may be split into panes
using the split-window command. Windows may be split
horizontally (with the -h flag) or vertically. Panes
may be resized with the resize-pane command (bound
to ‘C-Up’,
‘C-Down’
‘C-Left’ and
‘C-Right’ by default), the current
pane may be changed with the select-pane command and
the rotate-window and
swap-pane commands may be used to swap panes without
changing their position. Panes are numbered beginning from zero in the order
they are created.
A number of preset layouts are available. These
may be selected with the select-layout command or
cycled with next-layout (bound to
‘Space’ by default); once a layout is
chosen, panes within it may be moved and resized as normal.
The following layouts are supported:
even-horizontaleven-verticalmain-horizontalmain-verticalmain-horizontal but the large pane is
placed on the left and the others spread from top to bottom along the
right. See the main-pane-width window option.tiledIn addition, select-layout may be used to
apply a previously used layout - the list-windows
command displays the layout of each window in a form suitable for use with
select-layout. For example:
$ tmux list-windows
0: ksh [159x48]
layout: bb62,159x48,0,0{79x48,0,0,79x48,80,0}
$ tmux select-layout bb62,159x48,0,0{79x48,0,0,79x48,80,0}
tmux automatically adjusts the size of the
layout for the current window size. Note that a layout cannot be applied to
a window with more panes than that from which the layout was originally
defined.
Commands related to windows and panes are as follows:
break-pane
[-dP] [-F
format] [-n
window-name] [-s
src-pane] [-t
dst-window]breakp)-d is given, the new window does not become the
current window. The -P option prints information
about the new window after it has been created. By default, it uses the
format
‘#{session_name}:#{window_index}’
but a different format may be specified with
-F.capture-pane
[-aepPqCJ] [-b
buffer-name] [-E
end-line] [-S
start-line] [-t
target-pane]capturep)-p is given, the
output goes to stdout, otherwise to the buffer specified with
-b or a new buffer if omitted. If
-a is given, the alternate screen is used, and the
history is not accessible. If no alternate screen exists, an error will be
returned unless -q is given. If
-e is given, the output includes escape sequences
for text and background attributes. -C also
escapes non-printable characters as octal \xxx. -J
joins wrapped lines and preserves trailing spaces at each line's end.
-P captures only any output that the pane has
received that is the beginning of an as-yet incomplete escape sequence.
-S and -E
specify the starting and ending line numbers, zero is the first line of
the visible pane and negative numbers are lines in the history.
‘-’ to -S
is the start of the history and to -E the end of
the visible pane. The default is to capture only the visible contents of
the pane.
choose-client
[-NZ] [-F
format] [-f
filter] [-O
sort-order] [-t
target-pane] [template]-Z zooms the pane. The
following keys may be used in client mode:
| Key | Function |
Enter |
Choose selected client |
Up |
Select previous client |
Down |
Select next client |
C-s |
Search by name |
n |
Repeat last search |
t |
Toggle if client is tagged |
T |
Tag no clients |
C-t |
Tag all clients |
d |
Detach selected client |
D |
Detach tagged clients |
x |
Detach and HUP selected client |
X |
Detach and HUP tagged clients |
z |
Suspend selected client |
Z |
Suspend tagged clients |
f |
Enter a format to filter items |
O |
Change sort order |
v |
Toggle preview |
q |
Exit mode |
After a client is chosen,
‘%%’ is replaced by the client
name in template and the result executed as a
command. If template is not given,
"detach-client -t '%%'" is used.
-O specifies the initial sort order:
one of ‘name’,
‘size’,
‘creation’, or
‘activity’.
-f specifies an initial filter: the filter is a
format - if it evaluates to zero, the item in the list is not shown,
otherwise it is shown. If a filter would lead to an empty list, it is
ignored. -F specifies the format for each item
in the list. -N starts without the preview. This
command works only if at least one client is attached.
choose-tree
[-GNswZ] [-F
format] [-f
filter] [-O
sort-order] [-t
target-pane] [template]-s starts with sessions
collapsed and -w with windows collapsed.
-Z zooms the pane. The following keys may be used
in tree mode:
| Key | Function |
Enter |
Choose selected item |
Up |
Select previous item |
Down |
Select next item |
x |
Kill selected item |
X |
Kill tagged items |
< |
Scroll list of previews left |
> |
Scroll list of previews right |
C-s |
Search by name |
n |
Repeat last search |
t |
Toggle if item is tagged |
T |
Tag no items |
C-t |
Tag all items |
: |
Run a command for each tagged item |
f |
Enter a format to filter items |
O |
Change sort order |
v |
Toggle preview |
q |
Exit mode |
After a session, window or pane is chosen,
‘%%’ is replaced by the target in
template and the result executed as a command. If
template is not given, "switch-client -t
'%%'" is used.
-O specifies the initial sort order:
one of ‘index’,
‘name’, or
‘time’. -f
specifies an initial filter: the filter is a format - if it evaluates to
zero, the item in the list is not shown, otherwise it is shown. If a
filter would lead to an empty list, it is ignored.
-F specifies the format for each item in the
tree. -N starts without the preview.
-G includes all sessions in any session groups
in the tree rather than only the first. This command works only if at
least one client is attached.
display-panes
[-d duration]
[-t target-client]
[template]displayp)display-panes-colour and
display-panes-active-colour session options. The
indicator is closed when a key is pressed or
duration milliseconds have passed. If
-d is not given,
display-panes-time is used. A duration of zero
means the indicator stays until a key is pressed. While the indicator is
on screen, a pane may be chosen with the
‘0’ to
‘9’ keys, which will cause
template to be executed as a command with
‘%%’ substituted by the pane ID. The
default template is "select-pane -t
'%%'".find-window
[-CNT] [-t
target-pane] match-stringfindw)-C matches only visible window contents,
-N matches only the window name and
-T matches only the window title. The default is
-CNT.
This command works only if at least one client is attached.
join-pane
[-bdhv] [-l
size | -p
percentage] [-s
src-pane] [-t
dst-pane]joinp)split-window, but instead of splitting
dst-pane and creating a new pane, split it and move
src-pane into the space. This can be used to reverse
break-pane. The -b option
causes src-pane to be joined to left of or above
dst-pane.
If -s is omitted and a marked pane is
present (see select-pane
-m), the marked pane is used rather than the
current pane.
kill-pane
[-a] [-t
target-pane]killp)-a option kills all but the
pane given with -t.kill-window
[-a] [-t
target-window]killw)-a option kills all but
the window given with -t.last-pane
[-de] [-t
target-window]lastp)-e
enables or -d disables input to the pane.last-window
[-t target-session]last)link-window
[-adk] [-s
src-window] [-t
dst-window]linkw)-a, the window is moved to
the next index up (following windows are moved if necessary). If
-k is given and dst-window
exists, it is killed, otherwise an error is generated. If
-d is given, the newly linked window is not
selected.list-panes
[-as] [-F
format] [-t
target]lsp)-a is given, target is
ignored and all panes on the server are listed. If
-s is given, target is a
session (or the current session). If neither is given,
target is a window (or the current window). For the
meaning of the -F flag, see the
FORMATS section.list-windows
[-a] [-F
format] [-t
target-session]lsw)-a is given, list all windows on the server.
Otherwise, list windows in the current session or in
target-session. For the meaning of the
-F flag, see the
FORMATS section.move-pane
[-bdhv] [-l
size | -p
percentage] [-s
src-pane] [-t
dst-pane]movep)join-pane, but src-pane
and dst-pane may belong to the same window.move-window
[-ardk] [-s
src-window] [-t
dst-window]movew)link-window, except the window at
src-window is moved to
dst-window. With -r, all
windows in the session are renumbered in sequential order, respecting the
base-index option.new-window
[-adkP] [-c
start-directory] [-F
format] [-n
window-name] [-t
target-window]
[shell-command]neww)-a, the new window is
inserted at the next index up from the specified
target-window, moving windows up if necessary,
otherwise target-window is the new window location.
If -d is given, the session does not
make the new window the current window.
target-window represents the window to be created;
if the target already exists an error is shown, unless the
-k flag is used, in which case it is destroyed.
shell-command is the command to execute. If
shell-command is not specified, the value of the
default-command option is used.
-c specifies the working directory in which the
new window is created.
When the shell command completes, the window closes. See the
remain-on-exit option to change this
behaviour.
The TERM environment variable must be
set to ‘screen’ or
‘tmux’ for all programs running
inside tmux. New windows will
automatically have ‘TERM=screen’
added to their environment, but care must be taken not to reset this in
shell start-up files.
The -P option prints information about
the new window after it has been created. By default, it uses the format
‘#{session_name}:#{window_index}’
but a different format may be specified with
-F.
next-layout
[-t target-window]nextl)next-window
[-a] [-t
target-session]next)-a is
used, move to the next window with an alert.pipe-pane
[-IOo] [-t
target-pane]
[shell-command]pipep)status-left
option. If no shell-command is given, the current
pipe (if any) is closed.
-I and -O
specify which of the shell-command output streams
are connected to the pane: with -I stdout is
connected (so anything shell-command prints is
written to the pane as if it were typed); with
-O stdin is connected (so any output in the pane
is piped to shell-command). Both may be used
together and if neither are specified, -O is
used.
The -o option only opens a new pipe if
no previous pipe exists, allowing a pipe to be toggled with a single
key, for example:
bind-key C-p pipe-pane -o 'cat >>~/output.#I-#P'
previous-layout
[-t target-window]prevl)previous-window
[-a] [-t
target-session]prev)-a,
move to the previous window with an alert.rename-window
[-t target-window]
new-namerenamew)resize-pane
[-DLMRUZ] [-t
target-pane] [-x
width] [-y
height] [adjustment]resizep)-U, -D,
-L or -R, or to an
absolute size with -x or
-y. The adjustment is given
in lines or cells (the default is 1).
With -Z, the active pane is toggled
between zoomed (occupying the whole of the window) and unzoomed (its
normal position in the layout).
-M begins mouse resizing (only valid
if bound to a mouse key binding, see
MOUSE SUPPORT).
respawn-pane
[-c start-directory]
[-k] [-t
target-pane]
[shell-command]respawnp)remain-on-exit window option). If
shell-command is not given, the command used when
the pane was created is executed. The pane must be already inactive,
unless -k is given, in which case any existing
command is killed. -c specifies a new working
directory for the pane.respawn-window
[-c start-directory]
[-k] [-t
target-window]
[shell-command]respawnw)remain-on-exit window option). If
shell-command is not given, the command used when
the window was created is executed. The window must be already inactive,
unless -k is given, in which case any existing
command is killed. -c specifies a new working
directory for the window.rotate-window
[-DU] [-t
target-window]rotatew)-U or downward
(numerically higher).select-layout
[-Enop] [-t
target-pane] [layout-name]selectl)-n and -p are equivalent
to the next-layout and
previous-layout commands.
-o applies the last set layout if possible (undoes
the most recent layout change). -E spreads the
current pane and any panes next to it out evenly.select-pane
[-DdegLlMmRU] [-P
style] [-T
title] [-t
target-pane]selectp)-P). If one of -D,
-L, -R, or
-U is used, respectively the pane below, to the
left, to the right, or above the target pane is used.
-l is the same as using the
last-pane command. -e
enables or -d disables input to the pane.
-m and -M are
used to set and clear the marked pane. There is one
marked pane at a time, setting a new marked pane clears the last. The
marked pane is the default target for -s to
join-pane, swap-pane and
swap-window.
Each pane has a style: by default the
window-style and
window-active-style options are used,
select-pane -P sets the
style for a single pane. For example, to set the pane 1 background to
red:
select-pane -t:.1 -P 'bg=red'
-g shows the current pane style.
-T sets the pane title.
select-window
[-lnpT] [-t
target-window]selectw)-l, -n and
-p are equivalent to the
last-window, next-window
and previous-window commands. If
-T is given and the selected window is already the
current window, the command behaves like
last-window.split-window
[-bdfhvP] [-c
start-directory] [-l
size | -p
percentage] [-t
target-pane] [shell-command]
[-F format]splitw)-h does a horizontal split and
-v a vertical split; if neither is specified,
-v is assumed. The -l and
-p options specify the size of the new pane in
lines (for vertical split) or in cells (for horizontal split), or as a
percentage, respectively. The -b option causes the
new pane to be created to the left of or above
target-pane. The -f option
creates a new pane spanning the full window height (with
-h) or full window width (with
-v), instead of splitting the active pane. All
other options have the same meaning as for the
new-window command.swap-pane
[-dDU] [-s
src-pane] [-t
dst-pane]swapp)-U is used and no source pane is
specified with -s, dst-pane
is swapped with the previous pane (before it numerically);
-D swaps with the next pane (after it
numerically). -d instructs
tmux not to change the active pane.
If -s is omitted and a marked pane is
present (see select-pane
-m), the marked pane is used rather than the
current pane.
swap-window
[-d] [-s
src-window] [-t
dst-window]swapw)link-window, except the source
and destination windows are swapped. It is an error if no window exists at
src-window.
Like swap-pane, if
-s is omitted and a marked pane is present (see
select-pane -m), the
window containing the marked pane is used rather than the current
window.
unlink-window
[-k] [-t
target-window]unlinkw)-k is given, a window may be unlinked only if it
is linked to multiple sessions - windows may not be linked to no sessions;
if -k is specified and the window is linked to
only one session, it is unlinked and destroyed.tmux allows a command to be bound to most keys, with or
without a prefix key. When specifying keys, most represent themselves (for
example ‘A’ to
‘Z’). Ctrl keys may be prefixed with
‘C-’ or
‘^’, and Alt (meta) with
‘M-’. In addition, the following special
key names are accepted: Up, Down,
Left, Right, BSpace,
BTab, DC (Delete), End,
Enter, Escape, F1 to
F12, Home, IC (Insert),
NPage/PageDown/PgDn, PPage/PageUp/PgUp,
Space, and Tab. Note that to bind the
‘"’ or
‘'’ keys, quotation marks are necessary,
for example:
bind-key '"' split-window bind-key "'" new-window
Commands related to key bindings are as follows:
bind-key
[-nr] [-T
key-table] key
command [arguments]bind)c’ is bound to
new-window in the prefix table,
so ‘C-b c’ creates a new window).
The root table is used for keys pressed without the
prefix key: binding ‘c’ to
new-window in the root table
(not recommended) means a plain ‘c’
will create a new window. -n is an alias for
-T root. Keys may also be
bound in custom key tables and the switch-client
-T command used to switch to them from a key
binding. The -r flag indicates this key may
repeat, see the repeat-time option.
To view the default bindings and possible commands, see the
list-keys command.
list-keys
[-T key-table]lsk)-T all key tables are
printed. With -T only
key-table.send-keys
[-lMRX] [-N
repeat-count] [-t
target-pane] key
...send)C-a’
or ‘NPage’) to send; if the string
is not recognised as a key, it is sent as a series of characters. The
-l flag disables key name lookup and sends the
keys literally. All arguments are sent sequentially from first to last.
The -R flag causes the terminal state to be reset.
-M passes through a mouse event (only
valid if bound to a mouse key binding, see
MOUSE SUPPORT).
-X is used to send a command into copy
mode - see the WINDOWS AND
PANES section. -N specifies a repeat
count.
send-prefix
[-2] [-t
target-pane]-2 the secondary
prefix key, to a window as if it was pressed.unbind-key
[-an] [-T
key-table] keyunbind)-n and -T are the same as
for bind-key. If -a is
present, all key bindings are removed.tmux may be modified by
changing the value of various options. There are three types of option:
server options, session options and
window options.
The tmux server has a set of global
options which do not apply to any particular window or session. These are
altered with the set-option
-s command, or displayed with the
show-options -s command.
In addition, each individual session may have a set of session
options, and there is a separate set of global session options. Sessions
which do not have a particular option configured inherit the value from the
global session options. Session options are set or unset with the
set-option command and may be listed with the
show-options command. The available server and
session options are listed under the set-option
command.
Similarly, a set of window options is attached to each window, and
there is a set of global window options from which any unset options are
inherited. Window options are altered with the
set-window-option command and can be listed with the
show-window-options command. All window options are
documented with the set-window-option command.
tmux also supports user options which are
prefixed with a ‘@’. User options may
have any name, so long as they are prefixed with
‘@’, and be set to any string. For
example:
$ tmux setw -q @foo "abc123" $ tmux showw -v @foo abc123
Commands which set options are as follows:
set-option
[-aFgoqsuw] [-t
target-session | target-window]
option valueset)-w (equivalent to the
set-window-option command), a server option with
-s, otherwise a session option. If
-g is given, the global session or window option
is set. -F expands formats in the option value.
The -u flag unsets an option, so a session
inherits the option from the global options (or with
-g, restores a global option to the default).
The -o flag prevents setting an option
that is already set and the -q flag suppresses
errors about unknown or ambiguous options.
With -a, and if the option expects a
string or a style, value is appended to the
existing setting. For example:
set -g status-left "foo"
set -ag status-left "bar"
Will result in ‘foobar’.
And:
set -g status-style "bg=red"
set -ag status-style "fg=blue"
Will result in a red background and blue
foreground. Without -a, the result would be the
default background and a blue foreground.
Available window options are listed under
set-window-option.
value depends on the option and may be a number, a string, or a flag (on, off, or omitted to toggle).
Available server options are:
buffer-limit
numbercommand-alias[]
name=valueset -s command-alias[100]
zoom='resize-pane -Z'Using:
zoom -t:.1Is equivalent to:
resize-pane -Z
-t:.1Note that aliases are expanded when a command is parsed
rather than when it is executed, so binding an alias with
bind-key will bind the expanded form.
default-terminal
terminalTERM environment
variable. For tmux to work correctly, this
must be set to
‘screen’,
‘tmux’ or a derivative of
them.escape-time
timetmux
waits after an escape is input to determine if it is part of a
function or meta key sequences. The default is 500 milliseconds.exit-empty
[on | off]exit-unattached
[on | off]focus-events
[on | off]tmux. Attached clients should be detached and
attached again after changing this option.history-file
pathtmux will write
command prompt history on exit and load it from on start.message-limit
numberset-clipboard
[on | external |
off]If set to on,
tmux will both accept the escape sequence to
create a buffer and attempt to set the terminal clipboard. If set to
external, tmux will
attempt to set the terminal clipboard but ignore attempts by
applications to set tmux buffers. If
off, tmux will
neither accept the clipboard escape sequence nor attempt to set the
clipboard.
Note that this feature needs to be enabled in xterm(1) by setting the resource:
disallowedWindowOps: 20,21,SetXprop
Or changing this property from the xterm(1) interactive menu when required.
terminal-overrides[]
stringFor example, to set the
‘clear’
terminfo(5) entry to
‘\e[H\e[2J’ for all terminal
types matching ‘rxvt*’:
rxvt*:clear=\e[H\e[2JThe terminal entry value is passed through strunvis(3) before interpretation.
Available session options are:
activity-action
[any | none |
current | other]monitor-activity is on.
any means activity in any window linked to a
session causes a bell or message (depending on
visual-activity) in the current window of that
session, none means all activity is ignored
(equivalent to monitor-activity being off),
current means only activity in windows other
than the current window are ignored and other
means activity in the current window is ignored but not those in other
windows.assume-paste-time
millisecondstmux key bindings
are not processed. The default is one millisecond and zero
disables.base-index
indexbell-action
[any | none |
current | other]monitor-bell is on. The values are the same as
those for activity-action.default-command
shell-commandtmux to create a login shell using
the value of the default-shell option.default-shell
pathdefault-command option is set
to empty, and must be the full path of the executable. When started
tmux tries to set a default value from the
first suitable of the SHELL environment
variable, the shell returned by getpwuid(3), or
/bin/sh. This option should be configured when
tmux is used as a login shell.destroy-unattached
[on | off]detach-on-destroy
[on | off]display-panes-active-colour
colourdisplay-panes
command to show the indicator for the active pane.display-panes-colour
colourdisplay-panes
command to show the indicators for inactive panes.display-panes-time
timedisplay-panes command appear.display-time
timehistory-limit
lineskey-table
key-tablelock-after-time
numberlock-session
command) after number seconds of inactivity. The
default is not to lock (set to 0).lock-command
shell-command-np.message-command-style
styleThese may be
‘bg=colour’ to set the
background colour, ‘fg=colour’
to set the foreground colour, and a list of attributes as specified
below.
The colour is one of: black,
red, green,
yellow, blue,
magenta, cyan,
white, aixterm bright variants (if
supported: brightred,
brightgreen, and so on),
colour0 to colour255
from the 256-colour set, default, or a
hexadecimal RGB string such as
‘#ffffff’.
The attributes is either none or a
comma-delimited list of one or more of:
bright (or bold),
dim, underscore,
blink, reverse,
hidden, italics, or
strikethrough to turn an attribute on, or an
attribute prefixed with ‘no’
to turn one off.
Examples are:
fg=yellow,bold,underscore,blink
bg=black,fg=default,noreverse
With the -a flag to the
set-option command the new style is added
otherwise the existing style is replaced.
message-style
stylemessage-command-style option.mouse
[on | off]tmux captures the mouse and allows
mouse events to be bound as key bindings. See the
MOUSE SUPPORT section for
details.prefix
keyprefix can be set to the special key
‘None’ to set no prefix.prefix2
keyprefix, prefix2 can be
set to ‘None’.renumber-windows
[on | off]base-index option if it has been set. If off,
do not renumber the windows.repeat-time
time-r flag to
bind-key. Repeat is enabled for the default
keys bound to the resize-pane command.set-titles
[on | off]tmux automatically sets these to the
\e]0;...\007 sequence if the terminal appears to be
xterm(1). This option is off by default.set-titles-string
stringset-titles is on. Formats are expanded, see
the FORMATS section.silence-action
[any | none |
current | other]monitor-silence is on. The values are the same
as those for activity-action.status
[on | off]status-interval
intervalstatus-justify
[left | centre |
right]status-keys
[vi | emacs]VISUAL or EDITOR
environment variables are set and contain the string
‘vi’.status-left
string#[fg=red,bright]’ to set a
bright red foreground. See the
message-command-style option for a description
of colours and attributes.
For details on how the names and titles can be set see the NAMES AND TITLES section.
Examples are:
#(sysctl vm.loadavg)
#[fg=yellow,bold]#(apm -l)%%#[default] [#S]
The default is ‘[#S]
’.
status-left-length
lengthstatus-left-style
stylemessage-command-style option.status-position
[top | bottom]status-right
stringstatus-left,
string will be passed to
strftime(3) and character pairs are replaced.status-right-length
lengthstatus-right-style
stylemessage-command-style option.status-style
stylemessage-command-style option.update-environment[]
variable-r was given to the
set-environment command).user-keys[]
keyUser0’,
‘User1’, and so on.
For example:
set -s user-keys[0] "\e[5;30012~"
bind User0 resize-pane -L 3
visual-activity
[on | off |
both]monitor-activity window option is enabled. If
set to both, a bell and a message are produced.visual-bell
[on | off |
both]monitor-bell window option is enabled instead
of it being passed through to the terminal (which normally makes a
sound). If set to both, a bell and a message are produced. Also see
the bell-action option.visual-silence
[on | off |
both]monitor-silence is enabled, prints a
message after the interval has expired on a given window instead of
sending a bell. If set to both, a bell and a message are
produced.word-separators
string -_@’.set-window-option
[-aFgoqu] [-t
target-window] option
valuesetw)-a,
-F, -g,
-o, -q and
-u flags work similarly to the
set-option command.
Supported window options are:
aggressive-resize
[on | off]tmux will resize the window to the size of the
smallest session for which it is the current window, rather than the
smallest session to which it is attached. The window may resize when
the current window is changed on another sessions; this option is good
for full-screen programs which support
SIGWINCH and poor for interactive programs
such as shells.
allow-rename
[on | off]alternate-screen
[on | off]tmux may use the terminal alternate screen
feature, which allows the smcup and
rmcup terminfo(5) capabilities.
The alternate screen feature preserves the contents of the window when
an interactive application starts and restores it on exit, so that any
output visible before the application starts reappears unchanged after
it exits. The default is on.
automatic-rename
[on | off]tmux will rename the window automatically
using the format specified by
automatic-rename-format. This flag is
automatically disabled for an individual window when a name is
specified at creation with new-window or
new-session, or later with
rename-window, or with a terminal escape
sequence. It may be switched off globally with:
set-window-option -g automatic-rename off
automatic-rename-format
formatautomatic-rename option is enabled.
clock-mode-colour
colourclock-mode-style
[12 | 24]force-height
heightforce-width
widthtmux from resizing a window to greater
than width or height. A
value of zero restores the default unlimited setting.
main-pane-height
heightmain-pane-width
widthmain-horizontal or
main-vertical layouts.
mode-keys
[vi | emacs]VISUAL or
EDITOR contains
‘vi’.
mode-style
stylemessage-command-style option.
monitor-activity
[on | off]monitor-bell
[on | off]monitor-silence
[interval]interval seconds. Windows that have been
silent for the interval are highlighted in the status line. An
interval of zero disables the monitoring.
other-pane-height
heightmain-horizontal layout. If this option is set
to 0 (the default), it will have no effect. If both the
main-pane-height and
other-pane-height options are set, the main
pane will grow taller to make the other panes the specified height,
but will never shrink to do so.
other-pane-width
widthother-pane-height, but set the width of
other panes in the main-vertical layout.
pane-active-border-style
stylemessage-command-style option. Attributes are
ignored.
pane-base-index
indexbase-index, but set the starting index
for pane numbers.
pane-border-format
formatpane-border-status
[off | top |
bottom]pane-border-style
stylemessage-command-style option. Attributes are
ignored.
remain-on-exit
[on | off]respawn-window command.
synchronize-panes
[on | off]window-active-style
stylemessage-command-style option.
window-status-activity-style
stylemessage-command-style option.
window-status-bell-style
stylemessage-command-style option.
window-status-current-format
stringwindow-status-current-style
stylemessage-command-style option.
window-status-format
string#I:#W#F’.
window-status-last-style
stylemessage-command-style option.
window-status-separator
stringwindow-status-style
stylemessage-command-style option.
window-style
stylemessage-command-style option.
wrap-search
[on | off]xterm-keys
[on | off]tmux will generate
xterm(1) -style function key sequences; these have a
number included to indicate modifiers such as Shift, Alt or Ctrl.show-options
[-gqsvw] [-t
target-session | target-window]
[option]show)-w (equivalent to
show-window-options), the server options with
-s, otherwise the session options for
target session. Global session or window options are
listed if -g is used. -v
shows only the option value, not the name. If -q
is set, no error will be returned if option is
unset.show-window-options
[-gv] [-t
target-window] [option]showw)-g is used. -v shows only
the option value, not the name.tmux allows commands to run on various triggers, called
hooks. Most tmux commands have an
after hook and there are a number of hooks not associated
with commands.
A command's after hook is run after it completes, except when the
command is run as part of a hook itself. They are named with an
‘after-’ prefix. For example, the
following command adds a hook to select the even-vertical layout after every
split-window:
set-hook after-split-window "selectl even-vertical"
All the notifications listed in the
CONTROL MODE section are hooks
(without any arguments), except %exit. The following
additional hooks are available:
monitor-activity.monitor-bell.monitor-silence.remain-on-exit is on so the pane has not
closed.Hooks are managed with these commands:
set-hook
[-gu] [-t
target-session] hook-name
command-u unsets) hook
hook-name to command. If
-g is given, hook-name is added
to the global list of hooks, otherwise it is added to the session hooks
(for target-session with
-t). Like options, session hooks inherit from the
global ones.show-hooks
[-g] [-t
target-session]-g, otherwise
the session hooks.mouse option is on (the default is off),
tmux allows mouse events to be bound as keys. The name
of each key is made up of a mouse event (such as
‘MouseUp1’) and a location suffix (one
of ‘Pane’ for the contents of a pane,
‘Border’ for a pane border or
‘Status’ for the status line). The
following mouse events are available:
WheelUp |
WheelDown | ||
MouseDown1 |
MouseUp1 | MouseDrag1 | MouseDragEnd1 |
MouseDown2 |
MouseUp2 | MouseDrag2 | MouseDragEnd2 |
MouseDown3 |
MouseUp3 | MouseDrag3 | MouseDragEnd3 |
DoubleClick1 |
DoubleClick2 | DoubleClick3 | |
TripleClick1 |
TripleClick2 | TripleClick3 |
Each should be suffixed with a location, for example
‘MouseDown1Status’.
The special token ‘{mouse}’
or ‘=’ may be used as
target-window or target-pane in
commands bound to mouse key bindings. It resolves to the window or pane over
which the mouse event took place (for example, the window in the status line
over which button 1 was released for a
‘MouseUp1Status’ binding, or the pane
over which the wheel was scrolled for a
‘WheelDownPane’ binding).
The send-keys -M
flag may be used to forward a mouse event to a pane.
The default key bindings allow the mouse to be used to select and
resize panes, to copy text and to change window using the status line. These
take effect if the mouse option is turned on.
-F flag with a
format argument. This is a string which controls the
output format of the command. Replacement variables are enclosed in
‘#{’ and
‘}’, for example
‘#{session_name}’. The possible
variables are listed in the table below, or the name of a
tmux option may be used for an option's value. Some
variables have a shorter alias such as
‘#S’;
‘##’ is replaced by a single
‘#’,
‘#,’ by a
‘,’ and
‘#}’ by a
‘}’.
Conditionals are available by prefixing with
‘?’ and separating two alternatives
with a comma; if the specified variable exists and is not zero, the first
alternative is chosen, otherwise the second is used. For example
‘#{?session_attached,attached,not
attached}’ will include the string
‘attached’ if the session is attached
and the string ‘not attached’ if it is
unattached, or
‘#{?automatic-rename,yes,no}’ will
include ‘yes’ if
automatic-rename is enabled, or
‘no’ if not. Conditionals can be
nested arbitrarily. Inside a conditional,
‘,’ and
‘}’ must be escaped as
‘#,’ and
‘#}’, unless they are part of a
‘#{...}’ replacement. For example:
#{?pane_in_mode,#[fg=white#,bg=red],#[fg=red#,bg=white]}#W .
Comparisons may be expressed by prefixing two comma-separated
alternatives by ‘==’ or
‘!=’ and a colon. For example
‘#{==:#{host},myhost}’ will be
replaced by ‘1’ if running on
‘myhost’, otherwise by
‘0’. An
‘m’ specifies an
fnmatch(3) comparison where the first argument is the
pattern and the second the string to compare, for example
‘#{m:*foo*,#{host}}’.
‘||’ and
‘&&’ evaluate to true if
either or both of two comma-separated alternatives are true, for example
‘#{||:#{pane_in_mode},#{alternate_on}}’.
A ‘C’ performs a search for an
fnmatch(3) pattern in the pane content and evaluates to
zero if not found, or a line number if found.
A limit may be placed on the length of the resultant string by
prefixing it by an ‘=’, a number and a
colon. Positive numbers count from the start of the string and negative from
the end, so ‘#{=5:pane_title}’ will
include at most the first 5 characters of the pane title, or
‘#{=-5:pane_title}’ the last 5
characters. Prefixing a time variable with
‘t:’ will convert it to a string, so
if ‘#{window_activity}’ gives
‘1445765102’,
‘#{t:window_activity}’ gives
‘Sun Oct 25 09:25:02 2015’. The
‘b:’ and
‘d:’ prefixes are
basename(3) and dirname(3) of the
variable respectively. A prefix of the form
‘s/foo/bar/:’ will substitute
‘foo’ with
‘bar’ throughout.
In addition, the first line of a shell command's output may be
inserted using ‘#()’. For example,
‘#(uptime)’ will insert the system's
uptime. When constructing formats, tmux does not
wait for ‘#()’ commands to finish;
instead, the previous result from running the same command is used, or a
placeholder if the command has not been run before. If the command hasn't
exited, the most recent line of output will be used, but the status line
will not be updated more than once a second. Commands are executed with the
tmux global environment set (see the
ENVIRONMENT section).
The following variables are available, where appropriate:
| Variable name | Alias | Replaced with |
alternate_on |
If pane is in alternate screen | |
alternate_saved_x |
Saved cursor X in alternate screen | |
alternate_saved_y |
Saved cursor Y in alternate screen | |
buffer_created |
Time buffer created | |
buffer_name |
Name of buffer | |
buffer_sample |
Sample of start of buffer | |
buffer_size |
Size of the specified buffer in bytes | |
client_activity |
Time client last had activity | |
client_created |
Time client created | |
client_control_mode |
1 if client is in control mode | |
client_discarded |
Bytes discarded when client behind | |
client_height |
Height of client | |
client_key_table |
Current key table | |
client_last_session |
Name of the client's last session | |
client_name |
Name of client | |
client_pid |
PID of client process | |
client_prefix |
1 if prefix key has been pressed | |
client_readonly |
1 if client is readonly | |
client_session |
Name of the client's session | |
client_termname |
Terminal name of client | |
client_termtype |
Terminal type of client | |
client_tty |
Pseudo terminal of client | |
client_utf8 |
1 if client supports utf8 | |
client_width |
Width of client | |
client_written |
Bytes written to client | |
command |
Name of command in use, if any | |
command_list_name |
Command name if listing commands | |
command_list_alias |
Command alias if listing commands | |
command_list_usage |
Command usage if listing commands | |
cursor_flag |
Pane cursor flag | |
cursor_x |
Cursor X position in pane | |
cursor_y |
Cursor Y position in pane | |
history_bytes |
Number of bytes in window history | |
history_limit |
Maximum window history lines | |
history_size |
Size of history in lines | |
hook |
Name of running hook, if any | |
hook_pane |
ID of pane where hook was run, if any | |
hook_session |
ID of session where hook was run, if any | |
hook_session_name |
Name of session where hook was run, if any | |
hook_window |
ID of window where hook was run, if any | |
hook_window_name |
Name of window where hook was run, if any | |
host |
#H | Hostname of local host |
host_short |
#h | Hostname of local host (no domain name) |
insert_flag |
Pane insert flag | |
keypad_cursor_flag |
Pane keypad cursor flag | |
keypad_flag |
Pane keypad flag | |
line |
Line number in the list | |
mouse_any_flag |
Pane mouse any flag | |
mouse_button_flag |
Pane mouse button flag | |
mouse_standard_flag |
Pane mouse standard flag | |
mouse_all_flag |
Pane mouse all flag | |
pane_active |
1 if active pane | |
pane_at_bottom |
1 if pane is at the bottom of window | |
pane_at_left |
1 if pane is at the left of window | |
pane_at_right |
1 if pane is at the right of window | |
pane_at_top |
1 if pane is at the top of window | |
pane_bottom |
Bottom of pane | |
pane_current_command |
Current command if available | |
pane_current_path |
Current path if available | |
pane_dead |
1 if pane is dead | |
pane_dead_status |
Exit status of process in dead pane | |
pane_format |
1 if format is for a pane (not assuming the current) | |
pane_height |
Height of pane | |
pane_id |
#D | Unique pane ID |
pane_in_mode |
If pane is in a mode | |
pane_input_off |
If input to pane is disabled | |
pane_index |
#P | Index of pane |
pane_left |
Left of pane | |
pane_mode |
Name of pane mode, if any. | |
pane_pid |
PID of first process in pane | |
pane_pipe |
1 if pane is being piped | |
pane_right |
Right of pane | |
pane_search_string |
Last search string in copy mode | |
pane_start_command |
Command pane started with | |
pane_synchronized |
If pane is synchronized | |
pane_tabs |
Pane tab positions | |
pane_title |
#T | Title of pane |
pane_top |
Top of pane | |
pane_tty |
Pseudo terminal of pane | |
pane_width |
Width of pane | |
pid |
Server PID | |
scroll_region_lower |
Bottom of scroll region in pane | |
scroll_region_upper |
Top of scroll region in pane | |
scroll_position |
Scroll position in copy mode | |
selection_present |
1 if selection started in copy mode | |
session_alerts |
List of window indexes with alerts | |
session_attached |
Number of clients session is attached to | |
session_activity |
Time of session last activity | |
session_created |
Time session created | |
session_format |
1 if format is for a session (not assuming the current) | |
session_last_attached |
Time session last attached | |
session_group |
Name of session group | |
session_group_size |
Size of session group | |
session_group_list |
List of sessions in group | |
session_grouped |
1 if session in a group | |
session_height |
Height of session | |
session_id |
Unique session ID | |
session_many_attached |
1 if multiple clients attached | |
session_name |
#S | Name of session |
session_stack |
Window indexes in most recent order | |
session_width |
Width of session | |
session_windows |
Number of windows in session | |
socket_path |
Server socket path | |
start_time |
Server start time | |
version |
Server version | |
window_activity |
Time of window last activity | |
window_activity_flag |
1 if window has activity | |
window_active |
1 if window active | |
window_bell_flag |
1 if window has bell | |
window_flags |
#F | Window flags |
window_format |
1 if format is for a window (not assuming the current) | |
window_height |
Height of window | |
window_id |
Unique window ID | |
window_index |
#I | Index of window |
window_last_flag |
1 if window is the last used | |
window_layout |
Window layout description, ignoring zoomed window panes | |
window_linked |
1 if window is linked across sessions | |
window_name |
#W | Name of window |
window_panes |
Number of panes in window | |
window_silence_flag |
1 if window has silence alert | |
window_stack_index |
Index in session most recent stack | |
window_visible_layout |
Window layout description, respecting zoomed window panes | |
window_width |
Width of window | |
window_zoomed_flag |
1 if window is zoomed | |
wrap_flag |
Pane wrap flag |
tmux distinguishes between names and titles. Windows and
sessions have names, which may be used to specify them in targets and are
displayed in the status line and various lists: the name is the
tmux identifier for a window or session. Only panes
have titles. A pane's title is typically set by the program running inside the
pane using an escape sequence (like it would set the
xterm(1) window title in X(7)). Windows
themselves do not have titles - a window's title is the title of its active
pane. tmux itself may set the title of the terminal in
which the client is running, see the set-titles
option.
A session's name is set with the
new-session and
rename-session commands. A window's name is set with
one of:
-n for
new-window or
new-session).allow-rename option is
turned on):
$ printf '\033kWINDOW_NAME\033\\'
automatic-rename
option.When a pane is first created, its title is the hostname. A pane's title can be set via the OSC title setting sequence, for example:
$ printf '\033]2;My Title\033\\'
It can also be modified with the
select-pane -T command.
tmux copies the environment
into the global environment; in addition, each session has a
session environment. When a window is created, the session
and global environments are merged. If a variable exists in both, the value
from the session environment is used. The result is the initial environment
passed to the new process.
The update-environment session option may
be used to update the session environment from the client when a new session
is created or an old reattached. tmux also
initialises the TMUX variable with some internal
information to allow commands to be executed from inside, and the
TERM variable with the correct terminal setting of
‘screen’.
Commands to alter and view the environment are:
set-environment
[-gru] [-t
target-session] name
[value]setenv)-g is used,
the change is made in the global environment; otherwise, it is applied to
the session environment for target-session. The
-u flag unsets a variable.
-r indicates the variable is to be removed from
the environment before starting a new process.show-environment
[-gs] [-t
target-session] [variable]showenv)-g. If
variable is omitted, all variables are shown.
Variables removed from the environment are prefixed with
‘-’. If -s
is used, the output is formatted as a set of Bourne shell commands.tmux includes an optional status line which is displayed
in the bottom line of each terminal. By default, the status line is enabled
(it may be disabled with the status session option)
and contains, from left-to-right: the name of the current session in square
brackets; the window list; the title of the active pane in double quotes; and
the time and date.
The status line is made of three parts: configurable left and
right sections (which may contain dynamic content such as the time or output
from a shell command, see the status-left,
status-left-length,
status-right, and
status-right-length options below), and a central
window list. By default, the window list shows the index, name and (if any)
flag of the windows present in the current session in ascending numerical
order. It may be customised with the
window-status-format and
window-status-current-format options. The flag is one
of the following symbols appended to the window name:
| Symbol | Meaning |
* |
Denotes the current window. |
- |
Marks the last window (previously selected). |
# |
Window activity is monitored and activity has been detected. |
! |
Window bells are monitored and a bell has occurred in the window. |
~ |
The window has been silent for the monitor-silence interval. |
M |
The window contains the marked pane. |
Z |
The window's active pane is zoomed. |
The # symbol relates to the
monitor-activity window option. The window name is
printed in inverted colours if an alert (bell, activity or silence) is
present.
The colour and attributes of the status line may be configured,
the entire status line using the status-style
session option and individual windows using the
window-status-style window option.
The status line is automatically refreshed at interval if it has
changed, the interval may be controlled with the
status-interval session option.
Commands related to the status line are as follows:
command-prompt
[-1i] [-I
inputs] [-p
prompts] [-t
target-client] [template]tmux to execute commands interactively.
If template is specified, it is used as
the command. If present, -I is a comma-separated
list of the initial text for each prompt. If -p
is given, prompts is a comma-separated list of
prompts which are displayed in order; otherwise a single prompt is
displayed, constructed from template if it is
present, or ‘:’ if not.
Before the command is executed, the first occurrence of the
string ‘%%’ and all occurrences of
‘%1’ are replaced by the response
to the first prompt, all ‘%2’ are
replaced with the response to the second prompt, and so on for further
prompts. Up to nine prompt responses may be replaced
(‘%1’ to
‘%9’).
‘%%%’ is like
‘%%’ but any quotation marks are
escaped.
-1 makes the prompt only accept one
key press, in this case the resulting input is a single character.
-i executes the command every time the prompt
input changes instead of when the user exits the command prompt.
The following keys have a special meaning in the command
prompt, depending on the value of the
status-keys option:
| Function | vi | emacs |
Cancel
command prompt |
Escape | Escape |
Delete
current word |
C-w | |
Delete
entire command |
d | C-u |
Delete
from cursor to end |
D | C-k |
Execute
command |
Enter | Enter |
Get
next command from history |
Down | |
Get
previous command from history |
Up | |
Insert
top paste buffer |
p | C-y |
Look
for completions |
Tab | Tab |
Move
cursor left |
h | Left |
Move
cursor right |
l | Right |
Move
cursor to end |
$ | C-e |
Move
cursor to next word |
w | M-f |
Move
cursor to previous word |
b | M-b |
Move
cursor to start |
0 | C-a |
Transpose
characters |
C-t |
confirm-before
[-p prompt]
[-t target-client]
commandconfirm)-p is given, prompt is the
prompt to display; otherwise a prompt is constructed from
command. It may contain the special character
sequences supported by the status-left option.
This command works only from inside
tmux.
display-message
[-p] [-c
target-client] [-t
target-pane] [message]display)-p is given, the output is
printed to stdout, otherwise it is displayed in the
target-client status line. The format of
message is described in the
FORMATS section; information is taken
from target-pane if -t is
given, otherwise the active pane for the session attached to
target-client.tmux maintains a set of named paste
buffers. Each buffer may be either explicitly or automatically named.
Explicitly named buffers are named when created with the
set-buffer or load-buffer
commands, or by renaming an automatically named buffer with
set-buffer -n. Automatically
named buffers are given a name such as
‘buffer0001’,
‘buffer0002’ and so on. When the
buffer-limit option is reached, the oldest
automatically named buffer is deleted. Explicitly named buffers are not
subject to buffer-limit and may be deleted with
delete-buffer command.
Buffers may be added using copy-mode or
the set-buffer and
load-buffer commands, and pasted into a window using
the paste-buffer command. If a buffer command is
used and no buffer is specified, the most recently added automatically named
buffer is assumed.
A configurable history buffer is also maintained for each window.
By default, up to 2000 lines are kept; this can be altered with the
history-limit option (see the
set-option command above).
The buffer commands are as follows:
choose-buffer
[-NZ] [-F
format] [-f
filter] [-O
sort-order] [-t
target-pane] [template]-Z zooms the pane. The following keys
may be used in buffer mode:
| Key | Function |
Enter |
Paste selected buffer |
Up |
Select previous buffer |
Down |
Select next buffer |
C-s |
Search by name or content |
n |
Repeat last search |
t |
Toggle if buffer is tagged |
T |
Tag no buffers |
C-t |
Tag all buffers |
p |
Paste selected buffer |
P |
Paste tagged buffers |
d |
Delete selected buffer |
D |
Delete tagged buffers |
f |
Enter a format to filter items |
O |
Change sort order |
v |
Toggle preview |
q |
Exit mode |
After a buffer is chosen,
‘%%’ is replaced by the buffer
name in template and the result executed as a
command. If template is not given,
"paste-buffer -b '%%'" is used.
-O specifies the initial sort order:
one of ‘time’,
‘name’ or
‘size’. -f
specifies an initial filter: the filter is a format - if it evaluates to
zero, the item in the list is not shown, otherwise it is shown. If a
filter would lead to an empty list, it is ignored.
-F specifies the format for each item in the
list. -N starts without the preview. This
command works only if at least one client is attached.
clear-history
[-t target-pane]clearhist)delete-buffer
[-b buffer-name]deleteb)list-buffers
[-F format]lsb)-F
flag, see the FORMATS section.load-buffer
[-b buffer-name]
pathloadb)paste-buffer
[-dpr] [-b
buffer-name] [-s
separator] [-t
target-pane]pasteb)-d,
also delete the paste buffer. When output, any linefeed (LF) characters in
the paste buffer are replaced with a separator, by default carriage return
(CR). A custom separator may be specified using the
-s flag. The -r flag means
to do no replacement (equivalent to a separator of LF). If
-p is specified, paste bracket control codes are
inserted around the buffer if the application has requested bracketed
paste mode.save-buffer
[-a] [-b
buffer-name] pathsaveb)-a option appends
to rather than overwriting the file.set-buffer
[-a] [-b
buffer-name] [-n
new-buffer-name] datasetb)-a option appends to rather than overwriting the
buffer. The -n option renames the buffer to
new-buffer-name.show-buffer
[-b buffer-name]showb)clock-mode
[-t target-pane]if-shell
[-bF] [-t
target-pane] shell-command
command [command]if)-b, shell-command is run in
the background.
If -F is given,
shell-command is not executed but considered
success if neither empty nor zero (after formats are expanded).
lock-serverlock)lock-command option.run-shell
[-b] [-t
target-pane] shell-commandrun)-b, the command is run in the
background. After it finishes, any output to stdout is displayed in copy
mode (in the pane specified by -t or the current
pane if omitted). If the command doesn't return success, the exit status
is also displayed.wait-for
[-L | -S |
-U] channelwait)wait-for -S with the
same channel. When -L is used, the channel is
locked and any clients that try to lock the same channel are made to wait
until the channel is unlocked with wait-for
-U. This command only works from outside
tmux.tmux understands some unofficial extensions to
terminfo(5):
tmux:
$ printf '\033]12;red\033\\'
$ printf '\033[4 q'
If Se is not set, Ss with argument 0 will be used to reset the cursor style instead.
direct
colour’ RGB escape sequence (for example,
\e[38;2;255;255;255m).
If supported, this is used for the OSC initialize colour
escape sequence (which may be enabled by adding the
‘initc’ and
‘ccc’ capabilities to the
tmux terminfo(5) entry).
tmux offers a textual interface called
control mode. This allows applications to communicate with
tmux using a simple text-only protocol.
In control mode, a client sends tmux
commands or command sequences terminated by newlines on standard input. Each
command will produce one block of output on standard output. An output block
consists of a %begin line followed by the output (which
may be empty). The output block ends with a %end or
%error. %begin and matching
%end or %error have two arguments: an
integer time (as seconds from epoch) and command number. For example:
%begin 1363006971 2 0: ksh* (1 panes) [80x24] [layout b25f,80x24,0,0,2] @2 (active) %end 1363006971 2
The refresh-client
-C command may be used to set the size of a client
in control mode.
In control mode, tmux outputs
notifications. A notification will never occur inside an output block.
The following notifications are defined:
%client-session-changed
client session-id
name%exit
[reason]tmux client is exiting immediately, either
because it is not attached to any session or an error occurred. If
present, reason describes why the client
exited.%layout-change
window-id window-layout
window-visible-layout
window-flags%output
pane-id value%pane-mode-changed
pane-id%session-changed
session-id name%session-renamed
name%session-window-changed
session-id window-id%sessions-changed%unlinked-window-add
window-id%window-add
window-id%window-close
window-id%window-pane-changed
window-id pane-id%window-renamed
window-id nametmux configuration file.tmux session running
vi(1):
$ tmux new-session viMost commands have a shorter form, known as an alias. For
new-session, this is new:
$ tmux new viAlternatively, the shortest unambiguous form of a command is accepted. If there are several options, they are listed:
$ tmux n ambiguous command: n, could be: new-session, new-window, next-window
Within an active session, a new window may be created by typing
‘C-b c’ (Ctrl followed by the
‘b’ key followed by the
‘c’ key).
Windows may be navigated with: ‘C-b
0’ (to select window 0), ‘C-b
1’ (to select window 1), and so on;
‘C-b n’ to select the next window; and
‘C-b p’ to select the previous
window.
A session may be detached using ‘C-b
d’ (or by an external event such as ssh(1)
disconnection) and reattached with:
$ tmux attach-sessionTyping ‘C-b ?’ lists the
current key bindings in the current window; up and down may be used to
navigate the list or ‘q’ to exit from
it.
Commands to be run when the tmux server is
started may be placed in the ~/.tmux.conf
configuration file. Common examples include:
Changing the default prefix key:
set-option -g prefix C-a unbind-key C-b bind-key C-a send-prefix
Turning the status line off, or changing its colour:
set-option -g status off set-option -g status-style bg=blue
Setting other options, such as the default command, or locking after 30 minutes of inactivity:
set-option -g default-command "exec /bin/ksh" set-option -g lock-after-time 1800
Creating new key bindings:
bind-key b set-option status bind-key / command-prompt "split-window 'exec man %%'" bind-key S command-prompt "new-window -n %1 'ssh %1'"
| March 25, 2013 | BSD |