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| Copyright 2010 Brandon Philips |
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| <refentry id="tmpfiles.d"> |
| |
| <refentryinfo> |
| <title>tmpfiles.d</title> |
| <productname>systemd</productname> |
| |
| <authorgroup> |
| <author> |
| <contrib>Documentation</contrib> |
| <firstname>Brandon</firstname> |
| <surname>Philips</surname> |
| <email>brandon@ifup.org</email> |
| </author> |
| </authorgroup> |
| </refentryinfo> |
| |
| <refmeta> |
| <refentrytitle>tmpfiles.d</refentrytitle> |
| <manvolnum>5</manvolnum> |
| </refmeta> |
| |
| <refnamediv> |
| <refname>tmpfiles.d</refname> |
| <refpurpose>Configuration for creation, deletion and |
| cleaning of volatile and temporary files</refpurpose> |
| </refnamediv> |
| |
| <refsynopsisdiv> |
| <para><filename>/etc/tmpfiles.d/*.conf</filename></para> |
| <para><filename>/run/tmpfiles.d/*.conf</filename></para> |
| <para><filename>/usr/lib/tmpfiles.d/*.conf</filename></para> |
| </refsynopsisdiv> |
| |
| <refsect1> |
| <title>Description</title> |
| |
| <para><command>systemd-tmpfiles</command> uses the |
| configuration files from the above directories to describe the |
| creation, cleaning and removal of volatile and |
| temporary files and directories which usually reside |
| in directories such as <filename>/run</filename> |
| or <filename>/tmp</filename>.</para> |
| </refsect1> |
| |
| <refsect1> |
| <title>Configuration Format</title> |
| |
| <para>Each configuration file shall be named in the |
| style of <filename><program>.conf</filename>. |
| Files in <filename>/etc/</filename> override files |
| with the same name in <filename>/usr/lib/</filename> |
| and <filename>/run/</filename>. Files in |
| <filename>/run/</filename> override files with the same |
| name in <filename>/usr/lib/</filename>. Packages |
| should install their configuration files in |
| <filename>/usr/lib/</filename>. Files in |
| <filename>/etc/</filename> are reserved for the local |
| administrator, who may use this logic to override the |
| configuration files installed by vendor packages. All |
| configuration files are sorted by their filename in |
| alphabetical order, regardless in which of the |
| directories they reside, to guarantee that a specific |
| configuration file takes precedence over another file |
| with an alphabetically later name.</para> |
| |
| <para>If the administrator wants to disable a |
| configuration file supplied by the vendor the |
| recommended way is to place a symlink to |
| <filename>/dev/null</filename> in |
| <filename>/etc/tmpfiles.d/</filename> bearing the |
| same filename.</para> |
| |
| <para>The configuration format is one line per path |
| containing action, path, mode, ownership, age and argument |
| fields:</para> |
| |
| <programlisting>Type Path Mode UID GID Age Argument |
| d /run/user 0755 root root 10d - |
| L /tmp/foobar - - - - /dev/null</programlisting> |
| |
| <refsect2> |
| <title>Type</title> |
| <variablelist> |
| <varlistentry> |
| <term><varname>f</varname></term> |
| <listitem><para>Create a file if it doesn't exist yet (optionally writing a short string into it, if the argument parameter is passed)</para></listitem> |
| </varlistentry> |
| |
| <varlistentry> |
| <term><varname>F</varname></term> |
| <listitem><para>Create or truncate a file (optionally writing a short string into it, if the argument parameter is passed)</para></listitem> |
| </varlistentry> |
| |
| <varlistentry> |
| <term><varname>w</varname></term> |
| <listitem><para>Write the argument parameter to a file, if the file exists. |
| Lines of this type accept shell-style globs in place of normal path |
| names. The argument parameter will be written without a trailing |
| newline. C-style backslash escapes are interpreted.</para></listitem> |
| </varlistentry> |
| |
| <varlistentry> |
| <term><varname>d</varname></term> |
| <listitem><para>Create a directory if it doesn't exist yet</para></listitem> |
| </varlistentry> |
| |
| <varlistentry> |
| <term><varname>D</varname></term> |
| <listitem><para>Create or empty a directory</para></listitem> |
| </varlistentry> |
| |
| <varlistentry> |
| <term><varname>p</varname></term> |
| <listitem><para>Create a named pipe (FIFO) if it doesn't exist yet</para></listitem> |
| </varlistentry> |
| |
| <varlistentry> |
| <term><varname>L</varname></term> |
| <listitem><para>Create a symlink if it doesn't exist yet</para></listitem> |
| </varlistentry> |
| |
| <varlistentry> |
| <term><varname>c</varname></term> |
| <listitem><para>Create a character device node if it doesn't exist yet</para></listitem> |
| </varlistentry> |
| |
| <varlistentry> |
| <term><varname>b</varname></term> |
| <listitem><para>Create a block device node if it doesn't exist yet</para></listitem> |
| </varlistentry> |
| |
| <varlistentry> |
| <term><varname>x</varname></term> |
| <listitem><para>Ignore a path |
| during cleaning. Use this type |
| to exclude paths from clean-up |
| as controlled with the Age |
| parameter. Note that lines of |
| this type do not influence the |
| effect of r or R lines. Lines |
| of this type accept |
| shell-style globs in place of |
| normal path |
| names.</para></listitem> |
| </varlistentry> |
| |
| <varlistentry> |
| <term><varname>X</varname></term> |
| <listitem><para>Ignore a path |
| during cleanup. Use this type |
| to prevent path removal as |
| controlled with the Age parameter. |
| Note that if path is a directory, |
| content of a directory is not |
| excluded from clean-up, only |
| directory itself. Lines of this |
| type accept shell-style globs |
| in place of normal path |
| names.</para></listitem> |
| </varlistentry> |
| |
| <varlistentry> |
| <term><varname>r</varname></term> |
| <listitem><para>Remove a file |
| or directory if it |
| exists. This may not be used |
| to remove non-empty |
| directories, use R for |
| that. Lines of this type |
| accept shell-style globs in |
| place of normal path |
| names.</para></listitem> |
| </varlistentry> |
| |
| <varlistentry> |
| <term><varname>R</varname></term> |
| <listitem><para>Recursively |
| remove a path and all its |
| subdirectories (if it is a |
| directory). Lines of this type |
| accept shell-style globs in |
| place of normal path |
| names.</para></listitem> |
| </varlistentry> |
| |
| <varlistentry> |
| <term><varname>z</varname></term> |
| <listitem><para>Restore |
| SELinux security context label |
| and set ownership and access |
| mode of a file or directory if |
| it exists. Lines of this type |
| accept shell-style globs in |
| place of normal path names. |
| </para></listitem> |
| </varlistentry> |
| |
| <varlistentry> |
| <term><varname>Z</varname></term> |
| <listitem><para>Recursively |
| restore SELinux security |
| context label and set |
| ownership and access mode of a |
| path and all its |
| subdirectories (if it is a |
| directory). Lines of this type |
| accept shell-style globs in |
| place of normal path |
| names.</para></listitem> |
| </varlistentry> |
| </variablelist> |
| </refsect2> |
| |
| <refsect2> |
| <title>Mode</title> |
| |
| <para>The file access mode to use when |
| creating this file or directory. If omitted or |
| when set to - the default is used: 0755 for |
| directories, 0644 for all other file |
| objects. For z, Z lines if omitted or when set |
| to - the file access mode will not be |
| modified. This parameter is ignored for x, r, |
| R, L lines.</para> |
| </refsect2> |
| |
| <refsect2> |
| <title>UID, GID</title> |
| |
| <para>The user and group to use for this file |
| or directory. This may either be a numeric |
| user/group ID or a user or group name. If |
| omitted or when set to - the default 0 (root) |
| is used. For z, Z lines when omitted or when set to - |
| the file ownership will not be modified. |
| These parameters are ignored for x, r, R, L lines.</para> |
| </refsect2> |
| |
| <refsect2> |
| <title>Age</title> |
| <para>The date field, when set, is used to |
| decide what files to delete when cleaning. If |
| a file or directory is older than the current |
| time minus the age field it is deleted. The |
| field format is a series of integers each |
| followed by one of the following |
| postfixes for the respective time units:</para> |
| |
| <variablelist> |
| <varlistentry> |
| <term><varname>s</varname></term> |
| <term><varname>min</varname></term> |
| <term><varname>h</varname></term> |
| <term><varname>d</varname></term> |
| <term><varname>w</varname></term> |
| <term><varname>ms</varname></term> |
| <term><varname>m</varname></term> |
| <term><varname>us</varname></term></varlistentry> |
| </variablelist> |
| |
| <para>If multiple integers and units are specified the time |
| values are summed up. If an integer is given without a unit, |
| s is assumed. |
| </para> |
| |
| <para>When the age is set to zero, the files are cleaned |
| unconditionally.</para> |
| |
| <para>The age field only applies to lines starting with |
| d, D and x. If omitted or set to - no automatic clean-up |
| is done.</para> |
| |
| <para>If the age field starts with a tilde |
| character (~) the clean-up is only applied to |
| files and directories one level inside the |
| directory specified, but not the files and |
| directories immediately inside it.</para> |
| </refsect2> |
| |
| <refsect2> |
| <title>Argument</title> |
| |
| <para>For L lines determines the destination |
| path of the symlink. For c, b determines the |
| major/minor of the device node, with major and |
| minor formatted as integers, separated by :, |
| e.g. "1:3". For f, F, w may be used to specify |
| a short string that is written to the file, |
| suffixed by a newline. Ignored for all other |
| lines.</para> |
| </refsect2> |
| |
| </refsect1> |
| |
| <refsect1> |
| <title>Example</title> |
| <example> |
| <title>/etc/tmpfiles.d/screen.conf example</title> |
| <para><command>screen</command> needs two directories created at boot with specific modes and ownership.</para> |
| |
| <programlisting>d /var/run/screens 1777 root root 10d |
| d /var/run/uscreens 0755 root root 10d12h</programlisting> |
| </example> |
| </refsect1> |
| |
| <refsect1> |
| <title>See Also</title> |
| <para> |
| <citerefentry><refentrytitle>systemd</refentrytitle><manvolnum>1</manvolnum></citerefentry>, |
| <citerefentry><refentrytitle>systemd-tmpfiles</refentrytitle><manvolnum>8</manvolnum></citerefentry>, |
| <citerefentry><refentrytitle>systemd-delta</refentrytitle><manvolnum>1</manvolnum></citerefentry> |
| </para> |
| </refsect1> |
| |
| </refentry> |