ssh-add.1 - security/openssh-library - Rivoreo Source Code Repositories

 .\"	$OpenBSD: ssh-add.1,v 1.59 2013/12/07 11:58:46 naddy Exp $
 .\"
 .\" Author: Tatu Ylonen <ylo@cs.hut.fi>
 .\" Copyright (c) 1995 Tatu Ylonen <ylo@cs.hut.fi>, Espoo, Finland
 .\"                    All rights reserved
 .\"
 .\" As far as I am concerned, the code I have written for this software
 .\" can be used freely for any purpose.  Any derived versions of this
 .\" software must be clearly marked as such, and if the derived work is
 .\" incompatible with the protocol description in the RFC file, it must be
 .\" called by a name other than "ssh" or "Secure Shell".
 .\"
 .\"
 .\" Copyright (c) 1999,2000 Markus Friedl.  All rights reserved.
 .\" Copyright (c) 1999 Aaron Campbell.  All rights reserved.
 .\" Copyright (c) 1999 Theo de Raadt.  All rights reserved.
 .\"
 .\" Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without
 .\" modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions
 .\" are met:
 .\" 1. Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright
 .\"    notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer.
 .\" 2. Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above copyright
 .\"    notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer in the
 .\"    documentation and/or other materials provided with the distribution.
 .\"
 .\" THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY THE AUTHOR ``AS IS'' AND ANY EXPRESS OR
 .\" IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, THE IMPLIED WARRANTIES
 .\" OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE ARE DISCLAIMED.
 .\" IN NO EVENT SHALL THE AUTHOR BE LIABLE FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT,
 .\" INCIDENTAL, SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES (INCLUDING, BUT
 .\" NOT LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE GOODS OR SERVICES; LOSS OF USE,
 .\" DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS INTERRUPTION) HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY
 .\" THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN CONTRACT, STRICT LIABILITY, OR TORT
 .\" (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE) ARISING IN ANY WAY OUT OF THE USE OF
 .\" THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF SUCH DAMAGE.
 .\"
 .Dd $Mdocdate: December 7 2013 $
 .Dt SSH-ADD 1
 .Os
 .Sh NAME
 .Nm ssh-add
 .Nd adds private key identities to the authentication agent
 .Sh SYNOPSIS
 .Nm ssh-add
 .Op Fl cDdkLlXx
 .Op Fl t Ar life
 .Op Ar
 .Nm ssh-add
 .Fl s Ar pkcs11
 .Nm ssh-add
 .Fl e Ar pkcs11
 .Sh DESCRIPTION
 .Nm
 adds private key identities to the authentication agent,
 .Xr ssh-agent 1 .
 When run without arguments, it adds the files
 .Pa ~/.ssh/id_rsa ,
 .Pa ~/.ssh/id_dsa ,
 .Pa ~/.ssh/id_ecdsa ,
 .Pa ~/.ssh/id_ed25519
 and
 .Pa ~/.ssh/identity .
 After loading a private key,
 .Nm
 will try to load corresponding certificate information from the
 filename obtained by appending
 .Pa -cert.pub
 to the name of the private key file.
 Alternative file names can be given on the command line.
 .Pp
 If any file requires a passphrase,
 .Nm
 asks for the passphrase from the user.
 The passphrase is read from the user's tty.
 .Nm
 retries the last passphrase if multiple identity files are given.
 .Pp
 The authentication agent must be running and the
 .Ev SSH_AUTH_SOCK
 environment variable must contain the name of its socket for
 .Nm
 to work.
 .Pp
 The options are as follows:
 .Bl -tag -width Ds
 .It Fl c
 Indicates that added identities should be subject to confirmation before
 being used for authentication.
 Confirmation is performed by the
 .Ev SSH_ASKPASS
 program mentioned below.
 Successful confirmation is signaled by a zero exit status from the
 .Ev SSH_ASKPASS
 program, rather than text entered into the requester.
 .It Fl D
 Deletes all identities from the agent.
 .It Fl d
 Instead of adding identities, removes identities from the agent.
 If
 .Nm
 has been run without arguments, the keys for the default identities and
 their corresponding certificates will be removed.
 Otherwise, the argument list will be interpreted as a list of paths to
 public key files to specify keys and certificates to be removed from the agent.
 If no public key is found at a given path,
 .Nm
 will append
 .Pa .pub
 and retry.
 .It Fl e Ar pkcs11
 Remove keys provided by the PKCS#11 shared library
 .Ar pkcs11 .
 .It Fl k
 When loading keys into or deleting keys from the agent, process plain private
 keys only and skip certificates.
 .It Fl L
 Lists public key parameters of all identities currently represented
 by the agent.
 .It Fl l
 Lists fingerprints of all identities currently represented by the agent.
 .It Fl s Ar pkcs11
 Add keys provided by the PKCS#11 shared library
 .Ar pkcs11 .
 .It Fl t Ar life
 Set a maximum lifetime when adding identities to an agent.
 The lifetime may be specified in seconds or in a time format
 specified in
 .Xr sshd_config 5 .
 .It Fl X
 Unlock the agent.
 .It Fl x
 Lock the agent with a password.
 .El
 .Sh ENVIRONMENT
 .Bl -tag -width Ds
 .It Ev "DISPLAY" and "SSH_ASKPASS"
 If
 .Nm
 needs a passphrase, it will read the passphrase from the current
 terminal if it was run from a terminal.
 If
 .Nm
 does not have a terminal associated with it but
 .Ev DISPLAY
 and
 .Ev SSH_ASKPASS
 are set, it will execute the program specified by
 .Ev SSH_ASKPASS
 and open an X11 window to read the passphrase.
 This is particularly useful when calling
 .Nm
 from a
 .Pa .xsession
 or related script.
 (Note that on some machines it
 may be necessary to redirect the input from
 .Pa /dev/null
 to make this work.)
 .It Ev SSH_AUTH_SOCK
 Identifies the path of a
 .Ux Ns -domain
 socket used to communicate with the agent.
 .El
 .Sh FILES
 .Bl -tag -width Ds
 .It Pa ~/.ssh/identity
 Contains the protocol version 1 RSA authentication identity of the user.
 .It Pa ~/.ssh/id_dsa
 Contains the protocol version 2 DSA authentication identity of the user.
 .It Pa ~/.ssh/id_ecdsa
 Contains the protocol version 2 ECDSA authentication identity of the user.
 .It Pa ~/.ssh/id_ed25519
 Contains the protocol version 2 ED25519 authentication identity of the user.
 .It Pa ~/.ssh/id_rsa
 Contains the protocol version 2 RSA authentication identity of the user.
 .El
 .Pp
 Identity files should not be readable by anyone but the user.
 Note that
 .Nm
 ignores identity files if they are accessible by others.
 .Sh EXIT STATUS
 Exit status is 0 on success, 1 if the specified command fails,
 and 2 if
 .Nm
 is unable to contact the authentication agent.
 .Sh SEE ALSO
 .Xr ssh 1 ,
 .Xr ssh-agent 1 ,
 .Xr ssh-keygen 1 ,
 .Xr sshd 8
 .Sh AUTHORS
 OpenSSH is a derivative of the original and free
 ssh 1.2.12 release by Tatu Ylonen.
 Aaron Campbell, Bob Beck, Markus Friedl, Niels Provos,
 Theo de Raadt and Dug Song
 removed many bugs, re-added newer features and
 created OpenSSH.
 Markus Friedl contributed the support for SSH
 protocol versions 1.5 and 2.0.
	.\" $OpenBSD: ssh-add.1,v 1.59 2013/12/07 11:58:46 naddy Exp $
	.\"
	.\" Author: Tatu Ylonen <ylo@cs.hut.fi>
	.\" Copyright (c) 1995 Tatu Ylonen <ylo@cs.hut.fi>, Espoo, Finland
	.\" All rights reserved
	.\"
	.\" As far as I am concerned, the code I have written for this software
	.\" can be used freely for any purpose. Any derived versions of this
	.\" software must be clearly marked as such, and if the derived work is
	.\" incompatible with the protocol description in the RFC file, it must be
	.\" called by a name other than "ssh" or "Secure Shell".
	.\"
	.\"
	.\" Copyright (c) 1999,2000 Markus Friedl. All rights reserved.
	.\" Copyright (c) 1999 Aaron Campbell. All rights reserved.
	.\" Copyright (c) 1999 Theo de Raadt. All rights reserved.
	.\"
	.\" Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without
	.\" modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions
	.\" are met:
	.\" 1. Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright
	.\" notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer.
	.\" 2. Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above copyright
	.\" notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer in the
	.\" documentation and/or other materials provided with the distribution.
	.\"
	.\" THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY THE AUTHOR ``AS IS'' AND ANY EXPRESS OR
	.\" IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, THE IMPLIED WARRANTIES
	.\" OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE ARE DISCLAIMED.
	.\" IN NO EVENT SHALL THE AUTHOR BE LIABLE FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT,
	.\" INCIDENTAL, SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES (INCLUDING, BUT
	.\" NOT LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE GOODS OR SERVICES; LOSS OF USE,
	.\" DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS INTERRUPTION) HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY
	.\" THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN CONTRACT, STRICT LIABILITY, OR TORT
	.\" (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE) ARISING IN ANY WAY OUT OF THE USE OF
	.\" THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF SUCH DAMAGE.
	.\"
	.Dd $Mdocdate: December 7 2013 $
	.Dt SSH-ADD 1
	.Os
	.Sh NAME
	.Nm ssh-add
	.Nd adds private key identities to the authentication agent
	.Sh SYNOPSIS
	.Nm ssh-add
	.Op Fl cDdkLlXx
	.Op Fl t Ar life
	.Op Ar
	.Nm ssh-add
	.Fl s Ar pkcs11
	.Nm ssh-add
	.Fl e Ar pkcs11
	.Sh DESCRIPTION
	.Nm
	adds private key identities to the authentication agent,
	.Xr ssh-agent 1 .
	When run without arguments, it adds the files
	.Pa ~/.ssh/id_rsa ,
	.Pa ~/.ssh/id_dsa ,
	.Pa ~/.ssh/id_ecdsa ,
	.Pa ~/.ssh/id_ed25519
	and
	.Pa ~/.ssh/identity .
	After loading a private key,
	.Nm
	will try to load corresponding certificate information from the
	filename obtained by appending
	.Pa -cert.pub
	to the name of the private key file.
	Alternative file names can be given on the command line.
	.Pp
	If any file requires a passphrase,
	.Nm
	asks for the passphrase from the user.
	The passphrase is read from the user's tty.
	.Nm
	retries the last passphrase if multiple identity files are given.
	.Pp
	The authentication agent must be running and the
	.Ev SSH_AUTH_SOCK
	environment variable must contain the name of its socket for
	.Nm
	to work.
	.Pp
	The options are as follows:
	.Bl -tag -width Ds
	.It Fl c
	Indicates that added identities should be subject to confirmation before
	being used for authentication.
	Confirmation is performed by the
	.Ev SSH_ASKPASS
	program mentioned below.
	Successful confirmation is signaled by a zero exit status from the
	.Ev SSH_ASKPASS
	program, rather than text entered into the requester.
	.It Fl D
	Deletes all identities from the agent.
	.It Fl d
	Instead of adding identities, removes identities from the agent.
	If
	.Nm
	has been run without arguments, the keys for the default identities and
	their corresponding certificates will be removed.
	Otherwise, the argument list will be interpreted as a list of paths to
	public key files to specify keys and certificates to be removed from the agent.
	If no public key is found at a given path,
	.Nm
	will append
	.Pa .pub
	and retry.
	.It Fl e Ar pkcs11
	Remove keys provided by the PKCS#11 shared library
	.Ar pkcs11 .
	.It Fl k
	When loading keys into or deleting keys from the agent, process plain private
	keys only and skip certificates.
	.It Fl L
	Lists public key parameters of all identities currently represented
	by the agent.
	.It Fl l
	Lists fingerprints of all identities currently represented by the agent.
	.It Fl s Ar pkcs11
	Add keys provided by the PKCS#11 shared library
	.Ar pkcs11 .
	.It Fl t Ar life
	Set a maximum lifetime when adding identities to an agent.
	The lifetime may be specified in seconds or in a time format
	specified in
	.Xr sshd_config 5 .
	.It Fl X
	Unlock the agent.
	.It Fl x
	Lock the agent with a password.
	.El
	.Sh ENVIRONMENT
	.Bl -tag -width Ds
	.It Ev "DISPLAY" and "SSH_ASKPASS"
	If
	.Nm
	needs a passphrase, it will read the passphrase from the current
	terminal if it was run from a terminal.
	If
	.Nm
	does not have a terminal associated with it but
	.Ev DISPLAY
	and
	.Ev SSH_ASKPASS
	are set, it will execute the program specified by
	.Ev SSH_ASKPASS
	and open an X11 window to read the passphrase.
	This is particularly useful when calling
	.Nm
	from a
	.Pa .xsession
	or related script.
	(Note that on some machines it
	may be necessary to redirect the input from
	.Pa /dev/null
	to make this work.)
	.It Ev SSH_AUTH_SOCK
	Identifies the path of a
	.Ux Ns -domain
	socket used to communicate with the agent.
	.El
	.Sh FILES
	.Bl -tag -width Ds
	.It Pa ~/.ssh/identity
	Contains the protocol version 1 RSA authentication identity of the user.
	.It Pa ~/.ssh/id_dsa
	Contains the protocol version 2 DSA authentication identity of the user.
	.It Pa ~/.ssh/id_ecdsa
	Contains the protocol version 2 ECDSA authentication identity of the user.
	.It Pa ~/.ssh/id_ed25519
	Contains the protocol version 2 ED25519 authentication identity of the user.
	.It Pa ~/.ssh/id_rsa
	Contains the protocol version 2 RSA authentication identity of the user.
	.El
	.Pp
	Identity files should not be readable by anyone but the user.
	Note that
	.Nm
	ignores identity files if they are accessible by others.
	.Sh EXIT STATUS
	Exit status is 0 on success, 1 if the specified command fails,
	and 2 if
	.Nm
	is unable to contact the authentication agent.
	.Sh SEE ALSO
	.Xr ssh 1 ,
	.Xr ssh-agent 1 ,
	.Xr ssh-keygen 1 ,
	.Xr sshd 8
	.Sh AUTHORS
	OpenSSH is a derivative of the original and free
	ssh 1.2.12 release by Tatu Ylonen.
	Aaron Campbell, Bob Beck, Markus Friedl, Niels Provos,
	Theo de Raadt and Dug Song
	removed many bugs, re-added newer features and
	created OpenSSH.
	Markus Friedl contributed the support for SSH
	protocol versions 1.5 and 2.0.