/*******************************************************************************
* Copyright (c) 2007-2012 LuaJ. All rights reserved.
*
* Permission is hereby granted, free of charge, to any person obtaining a copy
* of this software and associated documentation files (the "Software"), to deal
* in the Software without restriction, including without limitation the rights
* to use, copy, modify, merge, publish, distribute, sublicense, and/or sell
* copies of the Software, and to permit persons to whom the Software is
* furnished to do so, subject to the following conditions:
*
* The above copyright notice and this permission notice shall be included in
* all copies or substantial portions of the Software.
* 
* THE SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED "AS IS", WITHOUT WARRANTY OF ANY KIND, EXPRESS OR
* IMPLIED, INCLUDING BUT NOT LIMITED TO THE WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY,
* FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE AND NONINFRINGEMENT. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE
* AUTHORS OR COPYRIGHT HOLDERS BE LIABLE FOR ANY CLAIM, DAMAGES OR OTHER
* LIABILITY, WHETHER IN AN ACTION OF CONTRACT, TORT OR OTHERWISE, ARISING FROM,
* OUT OF OR IN CONNECTION WITH THE SOFTWARE OR THE USE OR OTHER DEALINGS IN
* THE SOFTWARE.
******************************************************************************/
package org.luaj.vm2;


import java.lang.ref.WeakReference;

/** 
 * Subclass of {@link LuaValue} that implements 
 * a lua coroutine thread using Java Threads.
 * <p>
 * A LuaThread is typically created in response to a scripted call to 
 * {@code coroutine.create()}
 * <p>
 * The threads must be initialized with the globals, so that 
 * the global environment may be passed along according to rules of lua. 
 * This is done via a call to {@link #setGlobals(LuaValue)} 
 * at some point during globals initialization.
 * See {@link BaseLib} for additional documentation and example code.  
 * <p> 
 * The utility classes {@link JsePlatform} and {@link JmePlatform} 
 * see to it that this initialization is done properly.  
 * For this reason it is highly recommended to use one of these classes
 * when initializing globals. 
 * <p>
 * The behavior of coroutine threads matches closely the behavior 
 * of C coroutine library.  However, because of the use of Java threads 
 * to manage call state, it is possible to yield from anywhere in luaj. 
 * <p>
 * Each Java thread wakes up at regular intervals and checks a weak reference
 * to determine if it can ever be resumed.  If not, it throws 
 * {@link OrphanedThread} which is an {@link java.lang.Error}. 
 * Applications should not catch {@link OrphanedThread}, because it can break
 * the thread safety of luaj.
 *   
 * @see LuaValue
 * @see JsePlatform
 * @see JmePlatform
 * @see CoroutineLib
 */
public class LuaThread extends LuaValue {

	public static LuaValue s_metatable;

	public static int coroutine_count = 0;

	/** Interval at which to check for lua threads that are no longer referenced. 
	 * This can be changed by Java startup code if desired.
	 */
	static long thread_orphan_check_interval = 30000;
	
	public static final int STATUS_INITIAL       = 0;
	public static final int STATUS_SUSPENDED     = 1;
	public static final int STATUS_RUNNING       = 2;
	public static final int STATUS_NORMAL        = 3;
	public static final int STATUS_DEAD          = 4;
	public static final String[] STATUS_NAMES = { 
		"suspended", 
		"suspended", 
		"running", 
		"normal", 
		"dead",};
	
	public final State state;

	public static final int        MAX_CALLSTACK = 256;
	
	/** Interval to check for LuaThread dereferencing.  */
	public static int GC_INTERVAL = 30000;

	/** Thread-local used by DebugLib to store debugging state. 
	 * This is ano opaque value that should not be modified by applications. */
	public Object callstack;

	public final Globals globals;

	/** Hook function control state used by debug lib. */
	public LuaValue hookfunc;

	/** Error message handler for this thread, if any.  */
	public LuaValue errorfunc;

	public boolean hookline;
	public boolean hookcall;
	public boolean hookrtrn;
	public int hookcount;
	public boolean inhook;
	public int lastline;
	public int bytecodes;

	
	/** Private constructor for main thread only */
	public LuaThread(Globals globals) {
		state = new State(globals, this, null);
		state.status = STATUS_RUNNING;
		this.globals = globals;
	}
	
	/** 
	 * Create a LuaThread around a function and environment
	 * @param func The function to execute
	 */
	public LuaThread(Globals globals, LuaValue func) {	
		LuaValue.assert_(func != null, "function cannot be null");
		state = new State(globals, this, func);
		this.globals = globals;
	}
	
	public int type() {
		return LuaValue.TTHREAD;
	}
	
	public String typename() {
		return "thread";
	}
	
	public boolean isthread() {
		return true;
	}
	
	public LuaThread optthread(LuaThread defval) {
		return this;
	}
	
	public LuaThread checkthread() {
		return this;
	}
	
	public LuaValue getmetatable() { 
		return s_metatable; 
	}
	
	public String getStatus() {
		return STATUS_NAMES[state.status];
	}

	public boolean isMainThread() {
		return this.state.function == null;
	}

	public Varargs resume(Varargs args) {
		final LuaThread.State s = this.state;
		if (s.status > LuaThread.STATUS_SUSPENDED)
			return LuaValue.varargsOf(LuaValue.FALSE, 
					LuaValue.valueOf("cannot resume "+(s.status==LuaThread.STATUS_DEAD? "dead": "non-suspended")+" coroutine"));
		return s.lua_resume(this, args);
	}

	public static class State implements Runnable {
		private final Globals globals;
		final WeakReference lua_thread;
		public final LuaValue function;
		Varargs args = LuaValue.NONE;
		Varargs result = LuaValue.NONE;
		String error = null;
		public int status = LuaThread.STATUS_INITIAL;

		State(Globals globals, LuaThread lua_thread, LuaValue function) {
			this.globals = globals;
			this.lua_thread = new WeakReference(lua_thread);
			this.function = function;
		}
		
		public synchronized void run() {
			try {
				Varargs a = this.args;
				this.args = LuaValue.NONE;
				this.result = function.invoke(a);
			} catch (Throwable t) {
				this.error = t.getMessage();
			} finally {
				this.status = LuaThread.STATUS_DEAD;
				this.notify();
			}
		}

		public synchronized Varargs lua_resume(LuaThread new_thread, Varargs args) {
			LuaThread previous_thread = globals.running;
			try {
				globals.running = new_thread;
				this.args = args;
				if (this.status == STATUS_INITIAL) {
					this.status = STATUS_RUNNING; 
					new Thread(this, "Coroutine-"+(++coroutine_count)).start();
				} else {
					this.notify();
				}
				if (previous_thread != null)
					previous_thread.state.status = STATUS_NORMAL;
				this.status = STATUS_RUNNING;
				this.wait();
				return (this.error != null? 
					LuaValue.varargsOf(LuaValue.FALSE, LuaValue.valueOf(this.error)):
					LuaValue.varargsOf(LuaValue.TRUE, this.result));
			} catch (InterruptedException ie) {
				throw new OrphanedThread();
			} finally {
				this.args = LuaValue.NONE;
				this.result = LuaValue.NONE;
				this.error = null;
				globals.running = previous_thread;
				if (previous_thread != null)
					globals.running.state.status =STATUS_RUNNING;
			}
		}

		public synchronized Varargs lua_yield(Varargs args) {
			try {
				this.result = args;
				this.status = STATUS_SUSPENDED;
				this.notify();
				do {
					this.wait(thread_orphan_check_interval);
					if (this.lua_thread.get() == null) {
						this.status = STATUS_DEAD;
						throw new OrphanedThread();
					}
				} while (this.status == STATUS_SUSPENDED);
				return this.args;
			} catch (InterruptedException ie) {
				this.status = STATUS_DEAD;
				throw new OrphanedThread();
			} finally {
				this.args = LuaValue.NONE;
				this.result = LuaValue.NONE;
			}
		}
	}
		
}